Controlling Stored Products’ Pests with Plant Secondary Metabolites: A Review

To date, only a handful of pesticides have been authorized by the European Council for the protection of stored grains. Resistance issues and ecotoxicity concerns necessitate the development of ecofriendly tools in that direction. In this review, we refer to the recent findings on plant extracts and pure plant-derived substances with promising biological activity and the potential to be used as biopesticides for stored products. The main aim of biopesticides is to be effective against target pests, without harming humans and the environment. Many plant species, among those reported herein, are part of the human diet, and are thus not harmful to humans. Edible plant extracts produced with inorganic solvents represent safe candidates for use as repellants, fumigants or contact pesticides. Cinnamon, rosemary, parsley, garlic, oregano and basil are found in products destined for human consumption but also display significant biological activities. Interestingly, cinnamon is one of the most widely tested botanical matrixes, exhibiting the best lethal effects on almost all insect and mite taxa reported herein (Acaroidea, Coleoptera and Lepidoptera), followed by basil and garlic. Prunus persica,Azadirachta indica A. Juss and Carum sp. seem to be very promising too as miticides and/or insecticides, with A. indica already being represented commercially by a plant-derived acaricidal formulation.

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Plant Extracts and their Secondary Metabolites as Modulators of Kinases

Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1568026620666200224100219 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (12) ◽

pp. 1093-1104 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Muhammad Shoaib Ali Gill ◽

Hammad Saleem ◽

Nafees Ahemad

Keyword(s):

Signal Transduction ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Cell Biology ◽

Kinase Inhibitor ◽

Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Drug Candidate ◽

New Chemical Entities ◽

Natural Flora

Natural Products (NP), specifically from medicinal plants or herbs, have been extensively utilized to analyze the fundamental mechanisms of ultimate natural sciences as well as therapeutics. Isolation of secondary metabolites from these sources and their respective biological properties, along with their lower toxicities and cost-effectiveness, make them a significant research focus for drug discovery. In recent times, there has been a considerable focus on isolating new chemical entities from natural flora to meet the immense demand for kinase modulators, and also to overcome major unmet medical challenges in relation to signal transduction pathways. The signal transduction systems are amongst the foremost pathways involved in the maintenance of life and protein kinases play an imperative part in these signaling pathways. It is important to find a kinase inhibitor, as it can be used not only to study cell biology but can also be used as a drug candidate for cancer and metabolic disorders. A number of plant extracts and their isolated secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, and alkaloids have exhibited activities against various kinases. In the current review, we have presented a brief overview of some important classes of plant secondary metabolites as kinase modulators. Moreover, a number of phytocompounds with kinase inhibition potential, isolated from different plant species, are also discussed.

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Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C (PTPRC or CD45)

Journal of Clinical Pathology ◽

10.1136/jclinpath-2020-206927 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. jclinpath-2020-206927

Author(s):

Maryam Ahmed Al Barashdi ◽

Ahlam Ali ◽

Mary Frances McMullin ◽

Ken Mills

Keyword(s):

Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase ◽

Protein Tyrosine Kinase ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Tyrosine Phosphatase ◽

Cell Types ◽

Receptor Type ◽

Future Research ◽

Protein Tyrosine ◽

Type C ◽

Almost All

The leucocyte common antigen, protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C (PTPRC), also known as CD45, is a transmembrane glycoprotein, expressed on almost all haematopoietic cells except for mature erythrocytes, and is an essential regulator of T and B cell antigen receptor-mediated activation. Disruption of the equilibrium between protein tyrosine kinase and phosphatase activity (from CD45 and others) can result in immunodeficiency, autoimmunity, or malignancy. CD45 is normally present on the cell surface, therefore it works upstream of a large signalling network which differs between cell types, and thus the effects of CD45 on these cells are also different. However, it is becoming clear that CD45 plays an essential role in the innate immune system and this is likely to be a key area for future research. In this review of PTPRC (CD45), its structure and biological activities as well as abnormal expression of CD45 in leukaemia and lymphoma will be discussed.

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Sesquiterpene Lactones: Promising Natural Compounds to Fight Inflammation

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13070991 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 991

Author(s):

Melanie S. Matos ◽

José D. Anastácio ◽

Cláudia Nunes dos Santos

Keyword(s):

Biological Activities ◽

Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽

Physiological State ◽

Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽

Inflammatory Pathways ◽

Inflammatory State ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Inflammatory Molecules

Inflammation is a crucial and complex process that reestablishes the physiological state after a noxious stimulus. In pathological conditions the inflammatory state may persist, leading to chronic inflammation and causing tissue damage. Sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) are composed of a large and diverse group of highly bioactive plant secondary metabolites, characterized by a 15-carbon backbone structure. In recent years, the interest in SLs has risen due to their vast array of biological activities beneficial for human health. The anti-inflammatory potential of these compounds results from their ability to target and inhibit various key pro-inflammatory molecules enrolled in diverse inflammatory pathways, and prevent or reduce the inflammatory damage on tissues. Research on the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of SLs has thrived over the last years, and numerous compounds from diverse plants have been studied, using in silico, in vitro, and in vivo assays. Besides their anti-inflammatory potential, their cytotoxicity, structure–activity relationships, and pharmacokinetics have been investigated. This review aims to gather the most relevant results and insights concerning the anti-inflammatory potential of SL-rich extracts and pure SLs, focusing on their effects in different inflammatory pathways and on different molecular players.

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Semisynthetic triazoles as an approach in the discovery of Novel Lead Compounds

Current Organic Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1385272825666210126100227 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

Author(s):

Pedro Alves Bezerra Morais ◽

Carla Santana Francisco ◽

Heberth de Paula ◽

Rayssa Ribeiro ◽

Mariana Alves Eloy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Products ◽

Medicinal Chemistry ◽

Chemical Space ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Post Translational Modification ◽

Cellular Processes ◽

Modern Drug ◽

New Chemical Entities ◽

Almost All ◽

The 19Th Century

: Historically, the medicinal chemistry is concerned with the approach of organic chemistry to new drug synthesis. Considering the fruitful collections of new molecular entities, the dedicated efforts for medicinal chemistry are rewarding. Planning and search of new and applicable pharmacologic therapies involve the altruistic nature of the scientists. Since the 19th century, notoriously the application of isolated and characterized plant-derived compounds in modern drug discovery and in various stages of clinical development highlight its viability and significance. Natural products influence a broad range of biological processes, covering transcription, translation, and post-translational modification and being effective modulators of almost all basic cellular processes. The research of new chemical entities through “click chemistry” continuously opens up a map for the remarkable exploration of chemical space in towards leading natural products optimization by structure-activity relationship. Finally, here in this review, we expect to gather a broad knowledge involving triazolic natural products derivatives, synthetic routes, structures, and their biological activities.

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Diversity and Utilization of Edible Plants and Macro-Fungi in Subtropical Guangdong Province, Southern China

Forests ◽

10.3390/f9110666 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 666 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Juyang Liao ◽

Linping Zhang ◽

Yan Liu ◽

Qiaoyun Li ◽

Danxia Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Food Supply ◽

Southern China ◽

Guangdong Province ◽

Forest Products ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Edible Plants ◽

Edible Plant ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

Edible Parts

Food supply from forests is a fundamental component of forest ecosystem services, but information relating to suitability for human consumption and sustainable utilization of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) in developing countries is lacking. To address this gap in knowledge, diverse datasets of edible plants and macro-fungi were obtained from field collections, historical publications, and community surveys across seven cities in Guangdong Province (GP), southern China. Seven edible parts and five food categories of plant species were classified according to usage and specific nutrient components. Edible plant species were also categorized into different seasons and life forms. Our results show that at least 100 plant species (with 64 plant species producing fruit) and 20 macro-fungi were commonly used as edible forest products in subtropical GP. There were 55 and 57 species providing edible parts in summer and autumn, respectively. Many edible plants had multiple uses. Tree and herbaceous species made up the majority of the total. Our study provides evidence that both edible plants and macro-fungi can enrich the food supply for residents in rural and urban areas by acting as supplemental resources. We therefore suggest that, in spite of the prevalence of imported foods due to modern infrastructure, edible NTFPs from subtropical forests might be leveraged to support the increasing demand for food in an era of rapid urbanization and global change.

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DNA Interaction and Biological Activities of Heteroleptic Palladium (II) Complexes

Journal of the chemical society of pakistan ◽

10.52568/000566 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 227-227

Author(s):

Muhammad Anwar Saeed Muhammad Anwar Saeed ◽

Hizbullah Khan Hizbullah Khan ◽

Muhammad Sirajuddin Muhammad Sirajuddin ◽

Syed Muhammad Salman Syed Muhammad Salman

Keyword(s):

Biological Activities ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Dna Interaction ◽

Log P ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

H2o2 Treatment ◽

Biological Studies ◽

Almost All ◽

Anti Fungal

The manuscript describes the binding of DNA as well as biological studies of some mixed ligand dithiocarbamate Palladium (II) complexes (1-5). The observed compounds are of general formulae [PdCl(DT)(PR3)]. The dithiocarbamate “DT” and “PR3” groups are varied among the studied complexes as DT = bis[(2-methoxyethyl) dithiocarbamate)] (1 and 2), dibutyl dithiocarbamate (4 and 5), bis[(2-ethyl) hexyl dithiocarbamate)] (3); PR3 = triphenyl phosphine (1), benzy diphenyl phosphine (2), diphenyl-tert-butyl phpsphine (3), diphenyl-p-tolyl phosphine (4) and diphenyl-2-methoxy phenyl phosphine (5). The synthesized complexes were screened for DNA binding study via (UV Visible spectrophotometry and Viscometery) and biological activities such as anti-bacterial and anti-fungal, Molinspiration calculations and antioxidant potencies stimulated by hydrogen peroxide in human blood lymphocytes. In case of drug DNA interaction, complexes showed some sort of interaction with DNA solution. Almost all the complexes exhibited moderate antifungal and antibacterial behavior (against Gram positive and negative bacterial strains). The Molinspiration calculation study revealed that the said Pd (II) mixed complexes are biologically significant drugs having adequate molecular properties regarding drug likeness, except the log P values of complexes 3-5 because some structural adjustments must be done for enhancement of their bioavailability and hydrophilic nature. Regarding the antioxidant potential of complexes 1, 2 and 4, the H2O2 treatment of complexes violently decreased the action of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase and catalase and enhanced the level of thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances. Under experimental conditions, we conclude that all complexes act as anti-mutagens as they significantly suppress H2O2-induced oxidative damage at non-genotoxic concentrations.

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Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Oregano Essential Oil and Its Fractions Obtained by Vacuum Distillation

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24101904 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (10) ◽

pp. 1904 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Magdalena de J. Rostro-Alanis ◽

Juan Báez-González ◽

Cynthia Torres-Alvarez ◽

Roberto Parra-Saldívar ◽

José Rodriguez-Rodriguez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Vacuum Distillation ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Oregano Essential Oil ◽

Almost All

Oregano (Poliomintha longiflora) essential oil (Ooil) is a product of high commercial value and many applications, including chemotherapy. Aiming to achieve the best use of this resource, the present study focuses on the characterization of separated fractions of Ooil by fractional vacuum distillation at low pressure. Four fractions (F1–F4) and undistilled oil (Unoil) were separated from Ooil and analyzed for their chemical composition and biological activities, such as antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry shows differences in the composition among the fractions and Ooil. The amount of monoterpenes oxygenated (MO), sesquiterpenes hydrocarbon (SeH) and monoterpenes hydrocarbon (MH) varied between the fractions in ranges of 1.51–68.08, 3.31–25.12 and 1.91–97.75%, respectively. The major concentrations of MO and SeH were observed in F4 and Unoil. On the other hand, the highest concentrations of MH were found in F1 and F2, while the lowest were in F4 and Unoil. These results were correlated with the biological activity. Free-radical scavenging activity varied among fractions, with F4 and Unoil showing the highest activity. The antimicrobial test showed that F4 and Unoil had the highest activity in almost all cases. The correlation between the variables studied in the different fractions allows the definition of the particular properties for each one of them.

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The Effect of Species and Cultivation Year on Phenolic Acids Content in Ancient Wheat

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10050673 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 673

Author(s):

Marcin Barański ◽

Magdaléna Lacko-Bartošová ◽

Ewa Rembiałkowska ◽

Lucia Lacko-Bartošová

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Acids ◽

Triticum Monococcum ◽

Wheat Species ◽

Triticum Spelta ◽

Human Diet ◽

Organic Management ◽

Spelt Wheat ◽

Triticum Dicoccon ◽

Almost All ◽

Plot Experiment

During the last decade older (ancient) wheat species, such as spelt (Triticum spelta L.), emmer (Triticum dicoccon Schrank), and einkorn (Triticum monococcum L.) have been recognised as an interesting option to increase the biodiversity of cultivated cereals. The aim of this study was to compare polyphenols content in the ancient species of cereals (including six accessions of spelt, four of emmer, and one of einkorn) cultivated in the three-year controlled plot experiment under organic management. It has been found that the content of almost all free and bound phenolic acids was significantly higher in einkorn than in emmer and spelt wheat species. Moreover, the concentrations of ferulic, p-coumaric, and caffeic acids in einkorn and emmer was higher in dry and very warm cultivation years. It is concluded that ancient wheat species, especially einkorn, could be an important source of phenolic acids in the human diet.

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Screening of different plant extracts against leaf spot (Cercospora arachidicola and Cercosporidium personatum) of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.3329/bjar.v38i3.16976 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 491-503 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

MH Hossain ◽

I Hossain

Keyword(s):

Plant Extracts ◽

Leaf Spot ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Plain Water ◽

Infected Leaf ◽

Cercospora Arachidicola ◽

Cercosporidium Personatum ◽

Almost All

A study was undertaken to evaluate effectiveness of foliar spray with 33 plant extracts against leaf spot (Tikka) of groundnut caused by Cercospora arachidicola and Cercosporidium personatum. Bavistin and BAU-Biofungicide were included in the experiment as checks and spray of plain water represented control. Almost all treatments gave considerable reduction in disease incidence and increase in growth parameters, pod and haulm yield compared to control. The most effective materials were Bavistin 50 WP, BAU-Biofungicide, leaf extract of neem, tomato, datura black, and datura white. The materials decreased spot number per leaf, defoliation per plant, incidence of leaf spot, and number of infected leaf per plant by 35.45 -60.07, 42.06-72.20, 51.9763.58, and 38.33 to 46.89 % and increased pod yield and haulm yield by 64.37-111.41 and 32.35- 74.71 %, respectively. The materials may be recommended against the disease after economic analysis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i3.16976 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(3): 491-503, September 2013

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Antifibrotic Activity of Acylated and Unacylated Ghrelin

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2015/385682 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Elia Angelino ◽

Simone Reano ◽

Michele Ferrara ◽

Emanuela Agosti ◽

Andrea Graziani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Extracellular Matrix ◽

Tissue Injury ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Experimental Models ◽

Major Health ◽

Unacylated Ghrelin ◽

Ghrelin Gene ◽

Almost All ◽

Major Health Issue

Fibrosis can affect almost all tissues and organs, it often represents the terminal stage of chronic diseases, and it is regarded as a major health issue for which efficient therapies are needed. Tissue injury, by inducing necrosis/apoptosis, triggers inflammatory response that, in turn, promotes fibroblast activation and pathological deposition of extracellular matrix. Acylated and unacylated ghrelin are the main products of the ghrelin gene. The acylated form, through its receptor GHSR-1a, stimulates appetite and growth hormone (GH) release. Although unacylated ghrelin does not bind or activate GHSR-1a, it shares with the acylated form several biological activities. Ghrelin peptides exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antiapoptotic activities, suggesting that they might represent an efficient approach to prevent or reduce fibrosis. The aim of this review is to summarize the available evidence regarding the effects of acylated and unacylated ghrelin on different pathologies and experimental models in which fibrosis is a predominant characteristic.

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