scholarly journals Stability and Social Sustainability of Farm Household Income in Poland in 2003–2020

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1296
Author(s):  
Ryszard Kata ◽  
Małgorzata Leszczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Social Sustainability ◽  
Real Income ◽  
Occupational Groups ◽  
Professional Groups ◽  
The Social ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
The Stability

This article analyses the available income of farmer households in Poland in 2003–2020 in the context of their level, variability, and differentiation. The income situation of farmers was analysed from the intra-sectoral perspective and the inter-sectoral perspective by comparing the average monthly available income per capita of farmer households to the income of employees and total households. The research aimed to assess the stability of farmers’ incomes against the background of comparative groups and to assess their social sustainability. We understand farmers’ income parity relative to other socio-professional groups and a similar level of intra-sectoral differentiation. The source of empirical materials was the cyclical statistics of the Central Statistical Office prepared as part of the Household Budget Surveys, published in the years 2004–2021. It was found that despite a significant increase in the real income of farmers’ households in Poland over the studied years, the income disparity of farmers relative to other socio-occupational groups persisted. However, the income gap of farmers in relation to workers from the non-agricultural sector decreased from 35.1% in 2003 to an average of 15.7% in 2004–2020, which is largely due to the support for agriculture from the CAP funds. Compared to the analysed groups, the income of farmers’ households is characterised by the most significant instability and greater diversification. These results indicate a persistent deficit in the social sustainability of farmers’ household income in Poland.

scholarly journals The economic and social role of private farms in Hungarian agriculture

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónika Harangi-Rákos ◽  
Gábor Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Social Role ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
The Social ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office

The situation and importance of private farms in Hungary have significantly changed and are still changing due to the political and economic regime change of 1989-90 and subsequent events. The aim of this study is to provide – unlike the practice of the last two decades – an impartial review of the social and economic role of Hungarian private farms. To demonstrate the changes occurring in private farms, we rely on the data of the Hungarian Central Statistical Office (HCSO-KSH)such as the General Structure Surveys, the Farm Structure Surveys, and tables from the online stADAT database. From the point of view of methodology, time series analyses (2000–2010) were performed in the framework of this secondary research. Our hypothesis that private farms in Hungary deserve much more attention than previously, from the perspective of the output of Hungarian agriculture, food consumption and, last but not least, employment (the environmental factor was not examined this time) has been clearly confirmed. The role and significance of this group have also been exceedingly important since EU accession, particularly in the fields of horticulture and animal husbandry, and the strengthening of these positions is indisputably a national economic interest.

scholarly journals Cost of Living Indexes for Rural Labourers in Pakistan

1974 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-39
Author(s):  
M. Ghaffar Chaudhry ◽  
M. Anwar Chaudhry
Keyword(s):  
Real Income ◽  
Cost Of Living ◽  
Rural Workers ◽  
Urban Workers ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Price Indexes ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
The Cost

The purpose of this paper is to provide estimates of the changes in the cost of living for rural labourers during the period 1966/67 to 1973. It is well known that throughout this period, and particularly in the recent years, prices have been rising. The Central Statistical Office (CSO) publishes consumer price indices for urban workers, but no index for rural workers is available. Thus, it is not known whether inflation has affected rural and urban workers uniformly. If changes in the cost of living have been different, then separate price indexes must be used in estimating the real income levels of the two groups. As development policies in Pakistan are increasingly aimed at alleviating poverty in the rural sector, the need for a separate price index applicable to rural labourers becomes obvious.

scholarly journals The Structure and Content of Social Representations of Lawyers, Psychologists and Journalists about Mentally Ill People

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-133
Author(s):  
A.V. Yakushenko
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Occupational Groups ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Negative Valence ◽  
Professional Groups ◽  
The Social

the various professional groups of young people. This study involved 60 people aged 20 to 30 years (50% of respondents were girls, 50% were boys), specializing in psychology, law and journalism. We used semi-structured interview, associative method with elements of ranking and emotional attitude, and drawing techniques. We tested the following hypotheses: 1) the social representations of the mentally ill people contain elements with negative valence in all investigated occupational groups of young people; 2) social representations of the mentally ill people are based on such constructs as "otherness"; treatment (hospital, pills, experts); disease (synonyms, names of diseases, symptoms); the attitude of society; 3) social representations of the mentally ill people of lawyers and journalists are simpler and more consistent than those of psychologists. These hypotheses were supported by the empirical results.

scholarly journals Zmiany w poziomie rozwoju społecznego województw w latach 2010 i 2019 z zastosowaniem dynamicznego miernika syntetycznego

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-123
Author(s):  
Jadwiga Bożek ◽  
◽  
Janina Szewczyk ◽  
Monika Jaworska ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Linear Ordering ◽  
Dynamic Approach ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office

The aim of the work is to compare the level of progress of social development in voivodeships during the period 2010–2019 with the application of a dynamic synthetic measure. The work is based on data published by the Central Statistical Office characterizing the social situation in individual voivodeships for 2010 and 2019. The linear ordering of multi-feature objects method was used, where the normalization of the variables was carried out using the zero unitarization method. The analysis was carried out in static and dynamic terms. In addition to the indicative values, which included 11 features describing the demographic situation, labor market, education and living conditions, the rankings of voivodeships were prepared in terms of the level of social development in the analyzed years using a static and a dynamic approach. Based on the dynamic synthetic measure, the direction and size of changes that took place in individual voivodeships in the period 2010–2019 were ranked. Research shows that only in 7 voivodeships (Mazowieckie, Małopolskie, Pomorskie Dolnośląskie, Podkarpackie, Kujawsko-Pomorskie and Podlaskie) did the situation improve in terms of the adopted set of diagnostic features, while in the other cases it worsened. In 2019, the best situation occurred in the following voivodeships: Mazowieckie, Małopolskie, Pomorskie and Wielkopolskie, and the lowest indexes were recorded in the following voivodeships: Świętokrzyskie, Warmińsko-Mazurskie, Opolskie and Zachodniopomorskie. In the examined period, the disproportions between voivodeships increased in terms of the studied phenomenon. The application of a dynamic index of development growth allowed not only linear ordering of objects, but also evaluation of the direction and magnitude of the changes in individual objects in the analyzed period.

Entrapment and escape: Exploring the relationship between suicide and emigration in a post-communist country

2021 ◽  
pp. 002076402110476
Author(s):  
Marta B Erdos ◽  
Rebeka Javor
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Communist Country ◽  
Major Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
Strong Negative Relationship ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Suicide rate in Hungary was nearly the highest in the world in the decades preceding the transition of the social system. Shortly after the transition in 1989, a radical decrease in fatal suicides occurred, parallel with a marked increase in emigration. Methods: We analyzed the data published by the Hungarian Central Statistical Office to detect if there was an association between the remarkable drop in suicide rates and the changes in emigration rates from 1995 to 2019. Results: The results of a brief statistical analysis on the correlation between suicide rate and emigration confirmed a strong negative relationship ( r = −.855, p = .00). For more precise results, we applied linear regression analysis, which showed that the emigration rate predicted 73.2% of suicide rate variances with a high predictive value (β = −.983). Conclusion: The study provides a possible explanation through a phenomenological analysis on major life transformations. Relating the arrested flight/cry of pain theory, the theory of rites of passage and double-bind communication resulted a comprehensive and coherent, but not exhaustive explanation on the relationship between suicide and emigration.

scholarly journals SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE OF BURIAL NATURE IN POLAND BY VOIVODSHIPS – CONDITIONS AND DIRECTIONS OF CHANGES

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-31
Author(s):  
Anna Długozima
Keyword(s):  
Death Rate ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Local Data ◽  
National Heritage ◽  
Demographic Aging ◽  
The Social ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office

Eurostat and the Central Statistical Office (GUS) forecasts predict that the demographic aging rate will have doubled by 2050. The consequence of this situation will be an increasing death rate and a dynamic increase in the demand for space for depositing corpses and remains. Nowadays, no research has been conducted on the social infrastructure of burial nature. That is why the aim of the research, which results presents this article, was to determine the resource in the aspect of mentioned above infrastructure by voivodeships (number and distribution of cemeteries, crematoria, number of deaths, new cemetery investments). This research has been based on the data provided by the Local Data Bank, Polish Funeral Association, the District Sanitary and Epidemiological Stations, National Heritage Board of Poland and the Cremation Society of Great Britain. The results indicate regional differences in the development of burial facilities. In addition, the research allowed to determine the conditions and changes in the aspect of functioning of cemeteries and crematoria in Poland.

To Show, But Not to Disclose. The Willingness of Polish Political Parties to Disclose Information On their Structures

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-21
Author(s):  
Ewa Skrabacz
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Information Bulletin ◽  
The Public ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Election Manifestos ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office

AbstractConstituting the key element of a democratic system, political parties are among entities obliged by the Polish legislator to comply with the principle of disclosure by providing public information. The main objective of this paper is to determine the level of Polish political parties’ disclosure, understood here as their willingness to disclose information on their own structures. It seems that the practice of disclosing such basic organizational data may constitute a specific measure of Polish political parties’ respect for the idea of disclosure. The subject matter of the conducted research was particular parties’ sites in the Public Information Bulletin as well as their official websites. An attempt was made to acquire data concerning party structures by way of direct contact with particular parties’ organizational units – questionnaires were sent to both central and regional/district organizational units. In order to acquire a wider perspective, the research also included data provided by the Central Statistical Office concerning political parties’ organizational structures and election manifestos. The conducted analysis was summarized in the form of a ranking of the examined political parties based on a proposed political party disclosure index. This attempt to measure disclosure on the basis of data on internal structures provided by parties themselves is of a preliminary character which, nevertheless, makes it possible to capture the general properties of the phenomenon under analysis. Among the examined parties, it is PSL, SLD, and PO that, to an acceptable degree, follow the principle of disclosure in the analysed scope (indexes at the level of 60%-80% of the maximum value). Four other parties, i.e. N, Wolność, Razem, and Kukiz’15, are on the edge of the zone making it possible to regard their disclosure as sufficient (indexes at the level of around 50% of the maximum value). In the case of PiS, whose index does not reach 20% of the maximum value, it should be concluded that this party implements the principle of disclosure at a minimum level. The ranking did not show relationships between parties’ willingness towards providing information and their sizes or positions on the political scene (parliamentary parties vs. extra-parliamentary parties).

The Development of Agritourism in the Podkarpackie Voivodeship in the Light of International and National Conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 244-261
Author(s):  
Mariola Tracz ◽  
Małgorzata Bajgier-Kowalska ◽  
Radosław Uliszak
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Current State ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Tourism Resources ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
District Offices ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Podkarpackie Voivodeship is one of the regions of Poland in which the number of agritourism entities is very high. Therefore tourism plays a significant role in its development strategy. The aim of the paper is to identify the current state of agritourism and the changes that have occurred in the region in the years 2000–2016. Specific objectives are to determine the distribution of agritourism farms and their offer, together with a comprehensive analysis of the environmental and socio-economic factors, as well as the impact of the Slovak-Ukrainian border. The report was developed on the statistical materials from the Polish Central Statistical Office, Podkarpackie Agricultural Advisory Centre in Boguchwała and data collected from municipalities and district offices that is published on their websites, as well as through interviews with 100 owners of agritourism farms in the Podkarpackie Voivodeship. The research has shown, on the one hand, the decline in the number of farms in the region and, on the other hand, the increase in the diversity of the tourist offer of these entities. Distribution of agritourism farms is closely linked to the attractiveness of natural environment and quality of secondary tourism resources. Traditional agritourism has not yet fully used its countryside, as well as cross-border advantages of its location.

The identity policy and its effect in the stability of Middle East after 2010

2019 ◽  
pp. 434
Author(s):  
Ali Hussein Kadhim Alesammi
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Social Construct ◽  
Stability And Instability ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Stability ◽  
International Interactions ◽  
Regional Interests ◽  
Political Groups ◽  
Identity Policy

Since 2010 Middle East have many events or what they call "Arab spring events" which it result of overthrow governments and the rise of new political groups, all of this elements was resulting of many international and regional activities and making new regional and international axles, as well as the intersections of the different regional interests, therefore this research will try to study the stability and instability in the region as an independent variable not according to the neorealism or neoliberalism theories, but according to the constructivism theory which it base their assumptions on:  "In the international relations the non-physical structures of international interactions are determined by the identities of the players, which in turn determine the interests that determine the behavior of international players." So the research questions are: 1-What is the identity policy and haw affect in international relations? 2-How the social construct affect in international relations? 3-How the elite's identities for the main actors in the Middle East affect in the regional axles?  

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