scholarly journals Comparative Water Environment Simulation Study of Two Typical Models with BMPs in a Karst Basin

Agriculture ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Peiqi Zhang ◽  
Yongyu Song
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Hspf Model ◽  
Lijiang River

Carbonate rocks are widely distributed in southwest China, forming a unique karst landscape. The Lijiang River Basin provides a typical example of an area with concentrated karst. Research on the laws of hydrology and water quality migration in the Lijiang River Basin is important for the management of the water resources of Guilin City and similar areas. In this study, we combined three meteorological data with the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model and the hydrological simulation program-Fortran (HSPF) model to simulate the hydrological and water quality processes in the Lijiang River Basin separately. We chose the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) coefficient, coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error-observations standard deviation ratio (RSR), and mean absolute error (MAE) as the metrics used to evaluate the models. The results, combined with the time-series process lines, indicated that the SWAT model provides a more accurate performance than the HSPF model in streamflow, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), and dissolved oxygen (DO) simulations. In addition, we divided the karst and non-karst areas, and we analyzed the differences between them in water balance, sediment transport, and pollution load. We further identified the key source areas of pollution load in the Lijiang River Basin, evaluated the pollution reduction effect of best management practices (BMPs) on surface source pollution, and proposed some pollution control countermeasures. Each scenario, especially returning farmland to forest and creating vegetation buffer zones, reduces the NH3-N and DO pollution load.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of Best Management Practices in a Highly Anthropogenic and Ungauged Watershed Using the SWAT Model: A Case Study in the El Beal Watershed (Southeast Spain)

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrián López-Ballesteros ◽  
Javier Senent-Aparicio ◽  
Raghavan Srinivasan ◽  
Julio Pérez-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Lagoon ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Check Dam ◽  
Best Management ◽  
The Impact

Best management practices (BMPs) provide a feasible solution for non-point source pollution problems. High sediment and nutrient yields without retention control result in environmental deterioration of surrounding areas. In the present study, the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model was developed for El Beal watershed, an anthropogenic and ungauged basin located in the southeast of Spain that drains into a coastal lagoon of high environmental value. The effectiveness of five BMPs (contour planting, filter strips, reforestation, fertilizer application and check dam restoration) was quantified, both individually and in combination, to test their impact on sediment and nutrient reduction. For calibration and validation processes, actual evapotranspiration (AET) data obtained from a remote sensing dataset called Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM) were used. The SWAT model achieved good performance in the calibration period, with statistical values of 0.78 for Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE), 0.81 for coefficient of determination (R2), 0.58 for Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) and 3.9% for percent bias (PBIAS), as well as in the validation period (KGE = 0.67, R2 = 0.83, NS = 0.53 and PBIAS = −25.3%). The results show that check dam restoration is the most effective BMP with a reduction of 90% in sediment yield (S), 15% in total nitrogen (TN) and 22% in total phosphorus (TP) at the watershed scale, followed by reforestation (S = 27%, TN = 16% and TP = 20%). All effectiveness values improved when BMPs were assessed in combination. The outcome of this study could provide guidance for decision makers in developing possible solutions for environmental problems in a coastal lagoon.

scholarly journals Calibration and validation of SWAT model and estimation of water balance components of Shaya mountainous watershed, Southeastern Ethiopia

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 13955-13978 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Shawul ◽  
T. Alamirew ◽  
M. O. Dinka
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Watershed Modeling ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Monthly Streamflow ◽  
Mountainous Watershed

Abstract. To utilize water resources in a sustainable manner, it is necessary to understand the quantity and quality in space and time. This study was initiated to evaluate the performance and applicability of the physically based Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model in analyzing the influence of hydrologic parameters on the streamflow variability and estimation of monthly and seasonal water yield at the outlet of Shaya mountainous watershed. The calibrated SWAT model performed well for simulation of monthly streamflow. Statistical model performance measures, coefficient of determination (r2) of 0.71, the Nash–Sutcliffe simulation efficiency (ENS) of 0.71 and percent difference (D) of 3.69, for calibration and 0.76, 0.75 and 3.30, respectively for validation, indicated good performance of the model simulation on monthly time step. Mean monthly and annual water yield simulated with the calibrated model were found to be 25.8 mm and 309.0 mm, respectively. Overall, the model demonstrated good performance in capturing the patterns and trend of the observed flow series, which confirmed the appropriateness of the model for future scenario simulation. Therefore, SWAT model can be taken as a potential tool for simulation of the hydrology of unguaged watershed in mountainous areas, which behave hydro-meteorologically similar with Shaya watershed. Future studies on Shaya watershed modeling should address the issues related to water quality and evaluate best management practices.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF SEDIMENT YIELD USING SWAT MODEL: CASE STUDY OF KEBIR WATERSHED, NORTHEAST OF ALGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Kamel Khanchoul ◽  
Amina Amamra ◽  
Bachir Saaidia
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Model Case

Erosion is identified as one of the most significant threats to land in increasing rates of soil loss and reservoir sedimentation. An integrated approach therefore requires sediment assessment for identification of its sources for efficient watershed management. The present study is aimed to examine the spatial and temporal sediment yield distribution potential and to identify the critical erosion prone zones within Kebir watershed, Algeria using Soil and Water Assessment Tool interfaced in GIS for the period from 1982 to 2014. The model is calibrated by adjusting sensitive parameters and validation is done using observed data from 1982 to 1998. The model performance checked by the coefficient of determination (0.76), Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient (0.75) and relative error (+8.19%) suggests that the model has performed satisfactorily for sediment yield prediction. The simulated outputs of the model show that the 33-year period of sediment load production is estimated to be 19.24×106 tons and a mean annual sediment yield of 856.14 T/km²/yr. Temporally, sixty-four percent (50%) of sediment yield generated in the watershed occurs in five months of the winter and fall seasons. The most erosion vulnerable sub-basins that could have a significant impact on the sediment yield of the reservoirs are identified. Based on this, sub-basin 16, 14, 13, 11 and 8 are found to be the most erosion sensitive areas that could have a significant contribution, of 50%, to the increment of sediment yield. Best management practices are highly recommended for the land sustainability because of the high sediment supply to the dams.

Watershed modeling using large-scale distributed computing in Condor and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool model

SIMULATION ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret W Gitau ◽  
Li-Chi Chiang ◽  
Mohamed Sayeed ◽  
Indrajeet Chaubey
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Watershed Modeling ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Water Assessment ◽  
Soil And Water

Models are increasingly being used to quantify the effects of best management practices (BMPs) on water quality. While these models offer the ability to study multiple BMP scenarios, and to analyze impacts of various management decisions on watershed response, associated analyses can be very computationally intensive due to a large number of runs needed to fully capture the various uncertainties in the model outputs. There is, thus, the need to develop suitable and efficient techniques to handle such comprehensive model evaluations. We demonstrate a novel approach to accomplish a large number of model runs with Condor, a distributed high-throughput computing framework for model runs with the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. This application required more than 43,000 runs of the SWAT model to evaluate the impacts of 172 different watershed management decisions combined with weather uncertainty on water quality. The SWAT model was run in the Condor environment implemented on the TeraGrid. This framework significantly reduced the model run time from 2.5 years to 18 days and enabled us to perform comprehensive BMP analyses that may not have been possible with traditional model runs on a few desktop computers. The Condor system can be used effectively to make Monte Carlo analyses of complex watershed models requiring a large number of computational cycles.

scholarly journals Prioritization of Sub-Watersheds to Sediment Yield and Evaluation of Best Management Practices in Highland Ethiopia, Finchaa Catchment

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 650
Author(s):  
Wakjira Takala Dibaba ◽  
Tamene Adugna Demissie ◽  
Konrad Miegel
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Sediment Yields ◽  
Soil And Water

Excessive soil loss and sediment yield in the highlands of Ethiopia are the primary factors that accelerate the decline of land productivity, water resources, operation and function of existing water infrastructure, as well as soil and water management practices. This study was conducted at Finchaa catchment in the Upper Blue Nile basin of Ethiopia to estimate the rate of soil erosion and sediment loss and prioritize the most sensitive sub-watersheds using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The SWAT model was calibrated and validated using the observed streamflow and sediment data. The average annual sediment yield (SY) in Finchaa catchment for the period 1990–2015 was 36.47 ton ha−1 yr−1 with the annual yield varying from negligible to about 107.2 ton ha−1 yr−1. Five sub-basins which account for about 24.83% of the area were predicted to suffer severely from soil erosion risks, with SY in excess of 50 ton ha−1 yr−1. Only 15.05% of the area within the tolerable rate of loss (below 11 ton ha−1yr−1) was considered as the least prioritized areas for maintenance of crop production. Despite the reasonable reduction of sediment yields by the management scenarios, the reduction by contour farming, slope terracing, zero free grazing and reforestation were still above the tolerable soil loss. Vegetative contour strips and soil bund were significant in reducing SY below the tolerable soil loss, which is equivalent to 63.9% and 64.8% reduction, respectively. In general, effective and sustainable soil erosion management requires not only prioritizations of the erosion hotspots but also prioritizations of the most effective management practices. We believe that the results provided new and updated insights that enable a proactive approach to preserve the soil and reduce land degradation risks that could allow resource regeneration.

scholarly journals SWAT modeling of hydrology, sediment and nutrients from the Grand River, Ontario

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aslam Hanief ◽  
Andrew E. Laursen
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Stream Flow ◽  
Lake Erie ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Nutrient Export ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Grand River

Abstract The Grand River watershed (GRW) is an important agricultural area in Southern Ontario. Land use has been modified by various human endeavors, altering hydrology and increasing export of sediment and nutrients. The objective of this study was to predict spatial and temporal patterns of hydrology, and export of sediment and nutrients from the GRW to Lake Erie using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The Sequential Uncertainty FItting (SUFI2) program was used to calibrate and validate stream flow for years 2001–2010. Calibration and validation of the SWAT model for monthly stream flow at York indicated good model performance (R2, NSE, and PBIAS = 0.64, 0.63 and 7.1 for calibration (2001–2005); = 0.82, 0.74 and 0.2, for validation (2006–2010)). The model was applied to predict sediment and nutrient export from the GRW into Lake Erie. Predicted loading at Dunnville (near the mouth) was 2.3 × 105 tonnes y−1 total suspended sediment, 7.9 × 103 tonnes y−1 TN, and 2.3 × 102 tonnes y−1 TP. This SWAT model can now be used to investigate the relative effects of best management practices, and to forecast effects of climate change, on sustainable water management, hydrology, and sediment and nutrient export to Lake Erie.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Impact of Land Cover Type on the Water Quality in Lake Tondano Using a SWAT Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moh Sholichin ◽  
Tri Budi Prayogo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Lake Water Quality ◽  
Total N ◽  
The Impact

Lake Tondano is the largest natural lake in North Sulawesi, Indonesia, which functions as a provider of clean water, hydroelectric power, rice field irrigation, inland fisheries, and tourism. This research aims to determine the effect of land cover types from the Tondano watershed on the lake water quality. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used to evaluate the rate of soil erosion and the pollutant load of various land types in the watershed during the last ten years. Rainfall data is obtained from two rainfall stations, namely Paleloan Station and Noonan Station. The model is calibrated and validated before being used for analysis. We use climatological data from 2014 to 2019. The process of the SWAT model calibration and validation was carried out with the statistical formulas of the coefficient of determination (R2) and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE). The results show that the potential for pollution load from the Tondao watershed is organic N of 0.039 kg/ha and organic P of 0.006 kg/ha coming from the agricultural land. The results of this study conclude that the fertility conditions of Lake Tondano are at the eutrophic level, where the pollutant inflow is collected in the lake waters, especially for the parameters of total N (1503697.44kg/year) and total P (144831.36kg/year). The SWAT simulation results show deviation between the modeling and field data collected with the value of R2 = 0.9303, and the significant level ≤ 10.

scholarly journals Water Quality Control Options in Response to Catchment Urbanization: A Scenario Analysis by SWAT

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1846
Author(s):  
Hong Nguyen ◽  
Friedrich Recknagel ◽  
Wayne Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Scenario Analysis ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Catchment Management ◽  
Water Quality Control ◽  
River Bank

Urbanization poses a challenge to sustainable catchment management worldwide. This study compares streamflows and nutrient loads in the urbanized Torrens catchment in South Australia at present and future urbanization levels, and addresses possible mitigation of urbanization effects by means of the control measures: river bank stabilization, buffer strip expansion, and wetland construction. A scenario analysis by means of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) based on the anticipated urban population density growth in the Torrens catchment over the next 30 years predicted a remarkable increase of streamflow and Total Phosphorous loads but decreased Total Nitrogen loads. In contrast, minor changes of model outputs were predicted under the present urbanization scenario, i.e. urban area expansion on the grassland. Scenarios of three feasible control measures demonstrated best results for expanding buffer zone to sustain stream water quality. The construction of wetlands along the Torrens River resulted in the reduction of catchment runoff, but only slight decreases in TN and TP loads. Overall, the results of this study suggested that combining the three best management practices by the adaptive development of buffer zones, wetlands and stabilized river banks might help to control efficiently the increased run-off and TP loads by the projected urbanization of the River Torrens catchment.

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