scholarly journals Patterns of Genetic Diversity and Implications for In Situ Conservation of Wild Celery (Apium graveolens L. ssp. graveolens)

Agriculture ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lothar Frese ◽  
Maria Bönisch ◽  
Marion Nachtigall ◽  
Uta Schirmak
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Genetic Reserve

In Germany, the wild ancestor (Apium graveolens L. ssp. graveolens) of celery and celeriac is threatened by genetic erosion. Seventy-eight potentially suitable genetic reserve sites representing differing ecogeographic units were assessed with regard to the conservation status of the populations. At 27 of the 78 sites, 30 individual plants were sampled and genetically analyzed with 16 polymorphic microsatellite makers. The Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components (DAPC) was applied to identify clusters of genetically similar individuals. In most cases (25 out of 27 occurrences) individuals clustered into groups according to their sampling site. Next to three clearly separated occurrences (AgG, AgUW, AgFEH) two large groups of inland and Baltic Sea coast occurrences, respectively, were recognized. Occurrences from the coastal part of the distribution area were interspersed into the group of inland occurrences and vice versa. The genetic distribution pattern is therefore complex. The complementary compositional genetic differentiation Δj was calculated to identify the Most Appropriate Wild Populations (MAWP) for the establishment of genetic reserves. Altogether 15 sites are recommended to form a genetic reserve network. This organisational structure appears suitable for promoting the in situ conservation of intraspecific genetic diversity and the species’ adaptability. As seed samples of each MAWP will be stored in a genebank, the network would likewise contribute to the long-term ex situ conservation of genetic resources for plant breeding.

scholarly journals Designing conservation strategies to preserve the genetic diversity of Astragalus edulis Bunge, an endangered species from western Mediterranean region

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Peñas ◽  
Sara Barrios ◽  
Javier Bobo-Pinilla ◽  
Juan Lorite ◽  
M. Montserrat Martínez-Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Ecological Data

Astragalus edulis (Fabaceae) is an endangered annual species from western Mediterranean region that colonized SE Iberian Peninsula, NE and SW Morocco, and the easternmost Macaronesian islands (Lanzarote and Fuerteventura). Although in Spain some conservation measures have been adopted, it is still necessary to develop an appropriate management plan to preserve genetic diversity across the entire distribution area of the species. Our main objective was to use population genetics as well as ecological and phylogeographic data to select Relevant Genetic Units for Conservation (RGUCs) as the first step in designing conservation plans for A. edulis. We identified six RGUCs for in situ conservation, based on estimations of population genetic structure and probabilities of the loss of rare alleles. Additionally, further population parameters, i.e. occupation area, population size, vulnerability, legal status of the population areas, and the historical haplotype distribution, were considered in order to establish which populations deserve conservation priority. Three populations from the Iberian Peninsula, two from Morocco, and one from the Canary Islands represent the total genetic diversity of the species and the rarest allelic variation. Ex situ conservation is recommended to complement the preservation of A. edulis, given that effective in situ population protection is not feasible in all cases. The consideration of complementary phylogeographic and ecological data is useful for management efforts to preserve the evolutionary potential of the species.

scholarly journals Designing conservation strategies to preserve the genetic diversity ofAstragalus edulisBunge, an endangered species from western Mediterranean region

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Peñas ◽  
Sara Barrios ◽  
Javier Bobo-Pinilla ◽  
Juan Lorite ◽  
M. Montserrat Martínez-Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Ecological Data

Astragalus edulis(Fabaceae) is an endangered annual species from the western Mediterranean region that colonized the SE Iberian Peninsula, NE and SW Morocco, and the easternmost Macaronesian islands (Lanzarote and Fuerteventura). Although in Spain some conservation measures have been adopted, it is still necessary to develop an appropriate management plan to preserve genetic diversity across the entire distribution area of the species. Our main objective was to use population genetics as well as ecological and phylogeographic data to select Relevant Genetic Units for Conservation (RGUCs) as the first step in designing conservation plans forA. edulis. We identified six RGUCs for in situ conservation, based on estimations of population genetic structure and probabilities of loss of rare alleles. Additionally, further population parameters, i.e. occupation area, population size, vulnerability, legal status of the population areas, and the historical haplotype distribution, were considered in order to establish which populations deserve conservation priority. Three populations from the Iberian Peninsula, two from Morocco, and one from the Canary Islands represent the total genetic diversity of the species and the rarest allelic variation. Ex situ conservation is recommended to complement the preservation ofA. edulis, given that effective in situ population protection is not feasible in all cases. The consideration of complementary phylogeographic and ecological data is useful for management efforts to preserve the evolutionary potential of the species.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and selection signatures in maize landraces compared across 50 years of in situ and ex situ conservation

Heredity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Denisse McLean-Rodríguez ◽  
Denise Elston Costich ◽  
Tania Carolina Camacho-Villa ◽  
Mario Enrico Pè ◽  
Matteo Dell’Acqua
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Agrobiodiversity Conservation

AbstractGenomics-based, longitudinal comparisons between ex situ and in situ agrobiodiversity conservation strategies can contribute to a better understanding of their underlying effects. However, landrace designations, ambiguous common names, and gaps in sampling information complicate the identification of matching ex situ and in situ seed lots. Here we report a 50-year longitudinal comparison of the genetic diversity of a set of 13 accessions from the state of Morelos, Mexico, conserved ex situ since 1967 and retrieved in situ from the same donor families in 2017. We interviewed farmer families who donated in situ landraces to understand their germplasm selection criteria. Samples were genotyped by sequencing, producing 74,739 SNPs. Comparing the two sample groups, we show that ex situ and in situ genome-wide diversity was similar. In situ samples had 3.1% fewer SNPs and lower pairwise genetic distances (Fst 0.008–0.113) than ex situ samples (Fst 0.031–0.128), but displayed the same heterozygosity. Despite genome-wide similarities across samples, we could identify several loci under selection when comparing in situ and ex situ seed lots, suggesting ongoing evolution in farmer fields. Eight loci in chromosomes 3, 5, 6, and 10 showed evidence of selection in situ that could be related with farmers’ selection criteria surveyed with focus groups and interviews at the sampling site in 2017, including wider kernels and larger ear size. Our results have implications for ex situ collection resampling strategies and the in situ conservation of threatened landraces.

scholarly journals Designing conservation strategies to preserve the genetic diversity of Astragalus edulis Bunge, an endangered species from western Mediterranean region

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Peñas ◽  
Sara Barrios ◽  
Javier Bobo-Pinilla ◽  
Juan Lorite ◽  
M. Montserrat Martínez-Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Ecological Data

Astragalus edulis (Fabaceae) is an endangered annual species from western Mediterranean region that colonized SE Iberian Peninsula, NE and SW Morocco, and the easternmost Macaronesian islands (Lanzarote and Fuerteventura). Although in Spain some conservation measures have been adopted, it is still necessary to develop an appropriate management plan to preserve genetic diversity across the entire distribution area of the species. Our main objective was to use population genetics as well as ecological and phylogeographic data to select Relevant Genetic Units for Conservation (RGUCs) as the first step in designing conservation plans for A. edulis. We identified six RGUCs for in situ conservation, based on estimations of population genetic structure and probabilities of the loss of rare alleles. Additionally, further population parameters, i.e. occupation area, population size, vulnerability, legal status of the population areas, and the historical haplotype distribution, were considered in order to establish which populations deserve conservation priority. Three populations from the Iberian Peninsula, two from Morocco, and one from the Canary Islands represent the total genetic diversity of the species and the rarest allelic variation. Ex situ conservation is recommended to complement the preservation of A. edulis, given that effective in situ population protection is not feasible in all cases. The consideration of complementary phylogeographic and ecological data is useful for management efforts to preserve the evolutionary potential of the species.

scholarly journals Conservation and behavior of Africa’s “Big Five”

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Caro ◽  
Jason Riggio
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Flagship Species ◽  
African Species ◽  
In The Wild

Abstract We examine the conservation status of Africa’s “Big Five”: lion, leopard, buffalo, black and white rhinoceros and elephant, and the role of behavioral knowledge in their conservation. Efforts to conserve these flagship species consist of in situ conservation, captive breeding and reintroductions. With a few exceptions, we find limited evidence that knowledge of behavior informs conservation programs targeted at these species. For management in the wild, knowledge of infanticide and ranging can provide guidelines for realistic hunting quotas and corridors between protected areas, respectively. For ex situ and reintroduction programs, behavioral knowledge is chiefly focused on improved animal husbandry. Despite a formidable understanding of these species’ behavior, the practicalities of using such knowledge may be diminished because exploitation of these species is so forceful and the bulk of efforts aimed at conserving these species (and indeed most other African species) are primarily in situ where behaviorally driven interventions are limited. Our comparative findings suggest that behavior has been of rather narrow use in the conservation of these flagship species [Current Zoology 60 (4): 486–499, 2014].

scholarly journals Comparing Genetic Diversity in Three Threatened Oaks

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 561
Author(s):  
Emma Suzuki Spence ◽  
Jeremie B. Fant ◽  
Oliver Gailing ◽  
M. Patrick Griffith ◽  
Kayri Havens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Botanic Gardens ◽  
Geographic Range Size

Genetic diversity is a critical resource for species’ survival during times of environmental change. Conserving and sustainably managing genetic diversity requires understanding the distribution and amount of genetic diversity (in situ and ex situ) across multiple species. This paper focuses on three emblematic and IUCN Red List threatened oaks (Quercus, Fagaceae), a highly speciose tree genus that contains numerous rare species and poses challenges for ex situ conservation. We compare the genetic diversity of three rare oak species—Quercus georgiana, Q. oglethorpensis, and Q. boyntonii—to common oaks; investigate the correlation of range size, population size, and the abiotic environment with genetic diversity within and among populations in situ; and test how well genetic diversity preserved in botanic gardens correlates with geographic range size. Our main findings are: (1) these three rare species generally have lower genetic diversity than more abundant oaks; (2) in some cases, small population size and geographic range correlate with genetic diversity and differentiation; and (3) genetic diversity currently protected in botanic gardens is inadequately predicted by geographic range size and number of samples preserved, suggesting non-random sampling of populations for conservation collections. Our results highlight that most populations of these three rare oaks have managed to avoid severe genetic erosion, but their small size will likely necessitate genetic management going forward.

scholarly journals NATIVE SEEDS/SEARCH: BRIDGING IN SITU AND EX SITU CONSERVATION OF NATIVE SOUTHWESTERN CROPS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1179d-1179
Author(s):  
Gary Paul Nabhan ◽  
Mahina Drees ◽  
Kevin Dahl
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Crop Wild Relatives ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Educational Materials

The binational Southwest remains rich in native crop land races and crop wild relatives, despite numerous pressures favoring genetic erosion. Native Seeds/SEARCH is promoting in situ conservation in traditional Indian fields and nearby wild habitats, but also maintains a gene bank as a back-up, to allow future reintroductions. Seeds are distributed to Native American communities for free, and their value is reinforced through a variety of educational materials and presentations. Our regional focus allows us to serve as an effective bridge between in situ and ex situ conservationists, between Indian and international organizations, and between tribes. Methods, ethics and accomplishments to date will be highlighted.

scholarly journals Drilling down hotspots of intraspecific diversity to bring them into on-ground conservation of threatened species

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Zampiglia ◽  
Roberta Bisconti ◽  
Luigi Maiorano ◽  
Gaetano Aloise ◽  
Antonino Siclari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Intraspecific Diversity ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Conservation Priorities ◽  
Global Changes

AbstractUnprecedented rates of biodiversity loss rise the urgency for preserving species ability to cope with ongoing global changes. An approach in this direction is to target intra-specific hotspots of genetic diversity as conservation priorities. However, these hotspots are often identified by sampling at a spatial resolution too coarse to be useful in practical management of threatened species, hindering the long-appealed dialog between conservation stakeholders and conservation genetic researchers. Here, we investigated the spatial and temporal variation in species presence, genetic diversity, as well as potential risk factors, within a previously identified hotspot of genetic diversity for the endangered Apennine yellow bellied toad Bombina pachypus. Our results show that this hotspot is neither a geographically homogeneous nor a temporally stable unit. Over a time-window spanning 10-40 years since previous assessments, B. pachypus populations declined in large portions of its hotspot, and their genetic diversity levels decreased. Considering the demographic trend, genetic and epidemiological data, and models of current and future climatic suitability, populations at the extreme south of the hotspot area still qualify for urgent in-situ conservation actions, whereas northern populations would be better managed through a mix of in-situ and ex-situ actions. Our results emphasize that identifying hotspot of genetic diversity, albeit essential step, does not suffice to warrant on-ground conservation of threatened species. Hotspots should be analysed at finer geographic and temporal scales, to provide conservation stakeholders with key knowledge to best define conservation priorities, and to optimize resource allocation to alternative management practices.

Cotton Genetic Resources in the Western States of Mexico: In situ Conservation Status and Germplasm Collection for ex situ Preservation

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Ulloa ◽  
James McD. Stewart ◽  
Enrique A. Garcia-C. ◽  
Salvador Godoy-A. ◽  
Arturo Gaytan-M. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Ex Situ

scholarly journals Conservation and Use of Latin American Maize Diversity: Pillar of Nutrition Security and Cultural Heritage of Humanity

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Filippo Guzzon ◽  
Luis Walquer Arandia Rios ◽  
Galo Mario Caviedes Cepeda ◽  
Marcia Céspedes Polo ◽  
Alexander Chavez Cabrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Farm Labor ◽  
Maize Diversity ◽  
Maize Landraces

Latin America is the center of domestication and diversity of maize, the second most cultivated crop worldwide. In this region, maize landraces are fundamental for food security, livelihoods, and culture. Nevertheless, genetic erosion (i.e., the loss of genetic diversity and variation in a crop) threatens the continued cultivation and in situ conservation of landrace diversity that is crucial to climate change adaptation and diverse uses of maize. We provide an overview of maize diversity in Latin America before discussing factors associated with persistence of large in situ maize diversity, causes for maize landrace abandonment by farmers, and strategies to enhance the cultivation of landraces. Among other factors, maize diversity is linked with: (1) small-holder farming, (2) the production of traditional food products, (3) traditional cropping systems, (4) cultivation in marginal areas, and (5) retention of control over the production system by the farmers. On the other hand, genetic erosion is associated with substitution of landraces with hybrid varieties or cash crops, and partial (off-farm labor) or complete migration to urban areas. Continued cultivation, and therefore on-farm conservation of genetic diversity held in maize landraces, can be encouraged by creating or strengthening market opportunities that make the cultivation of landraces and open pollinated varieties (OPVs) more profitable for farmers, supporting breeding programs that prioritize improvement of landraces and their special traits, and increasing the access to quality germplasm of landraces and landrace-derived OPVs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document