scholarly journals Deficit Irrigation as a Tool to Optimize Fruit Quality in Abbé Fetél Pear

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1141
Author(s):  
Melissa Venturi ◽  
Luigi Manfrini ◽  
Giulio Demetrio Perulli ◽  
Alexandra Boini ◽  
Kushtrim Bresilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Irrigation Level ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Water Potentials ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchanges

Climate change is leading to higher plant water requirements and rootstock can play a role in tree adaptation, since the more vigorous ones are also likely to be more stress resistant. Pear trees of the cv. Abbé Fetél grafted on BA29 (more vigorous) and SYDO (more dwarfing) quince were irrigated according to three different treatments: 110 C, 80 DI and 60 DI, corresponding to 110%, 80% and 60% of the crop evapotranspiration rate (ETc), respectively. Shoot and fruit growth, water potentials, leaf gas exchanges and dry matter content were monitored during the season. Fruit quality was evaluated at harvest and after 6 months of storage at 1 °C. Results show how for both rootstocks, 60 DI significantly decreased their stem (Ψstem) and leaf (Ψleaf) water potentials as well as leaf gas exchanges. In SYDO, final fruit size was affected by irrigation, with lower values on 60 DI, but in BA29, no differences were found between treatments. After storage, BA29 60 DI fruit showed a higher soluble solid content, while in SYDO fruit, firmness was more affected by irrigation level. In conclusion, despite a slight decrease in fruit size, reduced irrigation led to fruit with higher quality features that were also maintained after a long period of storage.

scholarly journals 305 Effects of Electrical Conductivity (EC) and Its Diurnal Changes in Nutrient Feedings on Fruit Yield and Quality of Greenhouse Tomato Grown in Rockwool

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 444C-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuming Hao ◽  
Athanasios P. Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Fruit Cracking

Poor tomato fruit quality in summer time (soft fruit, cracking, and russetting) is a major greenhouse production problem in North America. To improve tomato quality and yield, especially under summer conditions, four EC treatments were applied to a tomato crop grown in rockwool in summer and fall of 1999 at the Greenhouse and Processing Crops Research Centre, Harrow, Ont., Canada. The four fertigation solution EC treatments were 1) constant low EC at 2.54 mS·cm-1, 2) constant high EC at 3.82 mS·cm-1, 3) diurnal EC variation (1 to 5 mS·cm-1) with a 24-h average of 2.54 mS·cm-1 and 4) diurnal EC variation (1 to 7 mS·cm-1) with a 24-h average of 3.82 mS·cm-1. For diurnal EC variation, the plants were fed with low EC in the morning and around noon, and high EC in the afternoon and night. High EC (3.82 mS·cm-1, constant or 24-h average for diurnal variation) treatments, in comparison to the recommended EC (2.54 mS·cm-1) treatments, improved tomato fruit quality by reducing fruit cracking, and increasing percentage of grade #1 fruit, fruit firmness, soluble solid and dry-matter content. However, the constant high EC treatment resulted in smaller fruit size and lower yield. Diurnal EC variation with a high EC average (24-h average: 3.82 mS·cm-1) did not reduce fruit size and yield, and reduced fruit russetting. Therefore, a diurnal fertigation EC variation strategy-supplying low EC solution in the morning and noon and high EC solution in the afternoon and night, with an overall 24-h average of 3.82 mS·cm-1, may be used to improve tomato fruit quality.

EFFECT OF TWO GREENHOUSE COVERS ON GROWTH, DRY MATTER CONTENT AND TOMATO FRUIT QUALITY

2005 ◽  
pp. 481-486
Author(s):  
L. Jarquin-Enriquez ◽  
E. Mercado-Silva ◽  
E. Castaño-Tostado
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content

scholarly journals The effect of nitrogen supply on specific yield and fruit quality of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.)

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Racskó ◽  
J. Nagy ◽  
Z. Soltész ◽  
M. Soltész ◽  
P. T. Nagy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Specific Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Canopy Density ◽  
Apple Cultivars

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of nitrogen supply on yield and fruit quality of apple cultivars and to explore the relationships between canopy density and the different fruit quality parameters. The experiments were carried out at Kálmánháza, in Eastern Hungary in a private orchard in 2003-2004. The response of four apple cultivars ('Elstar', 'Gala Prince', 'Granny Smith', 'Idared') to different nitrogen dosages was studied. The assessed and calculated indices were: yield, fruit diameter, fruit height, shape index, fruit mass, firmness, dry matter content and colouration. The results indicated that nitrogen fertilization has a significant effect on the yield and fruit quality of apple cultivars. The calculated specific yield values were reduced by the application of nitrogen via the increase in the volume of the canopy. An opposit trend was observed for fruit diameter, fruit height and fruit weight, which increased with increasing nitrogen supply. The reduced shape index caused flattening of fruits. However, the improvement of fruit quality via increasing nitrogen dosage is only virtual, since these dosages increase the fruit size, but firmness, dry matter content and colouration are diminished, which decreases the value of the fruits on the market. The authors also studied the relationships between canopy density responsible for assimilation and light supply of the fruits and the different fruit quality parameters. The closest linear inversely proportional relationship was found in the case of colouration. There was a negative linear relationship between canopy density and firmness or dry matter content. The relationship between canopy density and fruit mass could be described by a quadratic polinomial function.

scholarly journals Evaluating economic value properties of different beetroot varieties

2017 ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
Tímea Rubóczki ◽  
Mária Takácsné Hájos
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Proper Variety

The root vegetables have a pivotal role in the vegetable consumption and to form a healthy diet. The consumption of natural juices, like apple-beetroot are becoming more popular and the drying-, the pharmaceutical- and canning industry require more beetroot to process. For the processing, the industry requires easily peeled and round shaped roots, therefore to use the proper variety is very important. The primary quality parameters are the inner color intensity, uniform color and water soluble dry matter content.4 beetroot varieties were evaluated (Libero, Rubin, Detroit 2 and Cylindra) in the 3 years experiment which was carried out at the University of Debrecen, Institutes for Agricultural Research and Educational Farm, Botanical and Exhibiton Garden. The soil type was calcareous chernozem. Leaf length, shape index and water soluble solid content were measured, and sensory evaluation was carried out on taste, inner color intensity and white ring.To summarize, we can state the exception of Rubin genotype all of the varieties are suitable for second cultivation and good for processing (canned, juice, powder).

scholarly journals Quality aspects of pepino dulce fruits in distinct ripening stages, packaging forms and storage conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neide Botrel ◽  
Raphael Augusto de Castro e Melo
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Ripening Stages ◽  
Quality Aspects

Abstract Pepino dulce (Solanum muricatum Aiton) or Pepino has been growing to produce edible, juicy and attractive fruits. The imported fruits and national small scale of Pepino dulce production are currently stored and commercialized under the absence of postharvest handling recommendations. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the quality aspects of Pepino dulce fruits in distinct ripening stages, forms of packaging and conditions of storage. The trial was conducted in a 2x2x2 factorial scheme - 2 ripening stages (ripe and immature) x 2 forms of packaging (with and without wrapping in plastic film) x 2 conditions of storage (room: 25 °C ± 2 ºC and 57% ± 5% of relative humidity (RH); cold: under refrigeration 10 °C ± 2 °C and 85% ± 5% of RH) – in a complete randomized block design. Fruit quality attributes, such as vitamin C, chemical and phenolic content, fruit color (mesocarp), firmness, dry matter content, total titratable acidity (TA), total soluble solids and pH, were evaluated. Fruits showed a centesimal composition with low calories and a significant content of potassium (K), phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg), which can contribute to the daily supply of these elements. For commercialization purposes, the association of packaging (plastic wrapping film) and refrigerated storage (cold: 10 °C ± 2 °C and 85% ± 5% of RH) to maintain the characteristics of fruit quality after a 15 days period is more important than its individual use.

scholarly journals The effect of sunburn damage on the fruit quality parameters of apple (Malus domestica cv. Idared)

2005 ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
Lejla Budai ◽  
József Racskó ◽  
Zoltán Szabó ◽  
Miklós Soltész ◽  
Ervin Farkas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Flesh Firmness ◽  
Epidermal Tissue

In the present study the authors investigated the effect of sunburn injury on fruit quality parameters (cover colour, depth of tissue damage, fruit flesh firmness, dry matter content) of apple.The symptoms of sunburn injury appeared as concentric rings, differing in colour from each other and the cover colour. This can be connected with the ratio of the injury. The authors observed the following colours on the fruit surface (from the epicentre of spots on the surface of the fruit) dark brown (strongly damaged), light brown (moderately damaged), pale red transition (weakly damaged), red surface cover colour (not damaged).Sunburn of apple fruits is a surface injury caused by solar radiation, heat and low relative humidity. In the initial phase, a light corky layer, golden or bronze discolouration and injuries of the epidermal tissue appear on the surface exposed to radiation. Thus, it detracts from the fruit’s appearance, but in most of the cases it would not cause serious damages in the epidermal tissue. The depth of tissue damage is not considerable, its values are between 1.5-2.0 mm in general. It is commonly known, that tissue structure of the apple fruit is not homogeneous. Accordingly, the degree of injury shows some differences under the different parts of the fruit surface.On the basis of the flesh firmness studies, it can be stated that the flesh firmness of the damaged parts increases due to the sunburn effect. This is due to the fact that the damaged plant cells die, the water content of the tissue decreases and it hardens. However, due to this reduction in the water content the dry matter content will increase.

scholarly journals Crop Load Influences Fruit Quality, Nutritional Balance, and Return Bloom in ‘Honeycrisp’ Apple

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Serra ◽  
Rachel Leisso ◽  
Luca Giordani ◽  
Lee Kalcsits ◽  
Stefano Musacchi
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Apple Variety ◽  
Return Bloom ◽  
The Impact

The apple variety, ‘Honeycrisp’ has been extensively planted in North America during the last two decades. However, it suffers from several agronomic problems that limit productivity and postharvest quality. To reduce losses, new information is needed to better describe the impact of crop load on productivity and postharvest fruit quality in a desert environment and the major region where ‘Honeycrisp’ expansion is occurring. Here, 7-year-old ‘Honeycrisp’ trees on the M9-Nic29 rootstock (2.5 × 0.9 m) were hand thinned to five different crop loads [from 4.7 to 16.0 fruit/cm2 of trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA)] to compare fruit quality, maturity, fruit size, elemental concentration, and return bloom. Fruit size distribution was affected by crop load. Trees with the highest crop load (16 fruit/cm2) produced smaller fruit. Index of absorbance difference (IAD) measurements (absorption difference between 670 and 720 nm), a proxy indicator of the chlorophyll content below the skin of fruit measured by a DA-meter, were made shortly after harvest (T0) and after 6 months of storage (T1). Fruit from the trees with the lowest crop load had lower IAD values indicating advanced fruit ripeness. The comparison between the IAD classes at T0 and T1 showed that fruit belonging to the lowest IAD class had significantly higher red-blushed overcolor percentage, firmness, dry matter, and soluble solid content than those in the “most unripe” class (highest IAD readings) regardless of crop load. The percentage of blushed color, firmness, titratable acidity (TA), soluble solids content, and dry matter were all higher in the lowest crop loads at both T0 and T1. Fruit calcium (Ca) concentration was lowest at the lowest crop load. The (K + Mg + N):Ca ratio decreased as crop load increased until a crop load of 11.3 fruit/cm2, which was not significantly different from higher crop loads. For return bloom, the highest number of flower clusters per tree was reported for 4.7 fruit/cm2 crop load, and generally it decreased as crop load increased. Here, we highlight the corresponding changes in fruit quality, storability, and elemental balance with tree crop load. To maintain high fruit quality and consistency in yield, careful crop load management is required to minimize bienniality and improve fruit quality and storability.

scholarly journals Quality and Nutritional Compounds of Prunus Cerasus L. Var. Austera Fruit Grown in Central Italy

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1005-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Proietti ◽  
Stefano Moscatello ◽  
Fiorella Villani ◽  
Federica Mecucci ◽  
Robert P. Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
Growing Environment ◽  
Nutritional Compounds

Key nutritional characteristics of the fruit flesh of 41 sour cherries growing in the region of Umbria in central Italy have been determined. Fruit size, flesh dry matter content, nonstructural carbohydrates, organic acids, and anthocyanins were the analyzed parameters. Both the growing environment and genotype were statistically significant for most of the characteristics. Morello sour cherries were characterized by a large amount of sorbitol (up to 44.2 mg·g−1 FW), which contributed significantly to the dry matter content of the flesh, malic acid content that was higher (up to 48.4 mg·g−1 FW) than any published values for cherry flesh, and high anthocyanin content (up to 383.4 mg per 100 g FW). Cyanidin 3-glucosyl rutinoside was the most abundant compound. The analyzed germplasm could be the basis for breeding programs and new industrial products with high nutritional value.

scholarly journals (463) Grapefruit Crop Load Affects Net Gas Exchange of Leaves, Tree Growth, and Fruit Quality

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1048A-1048
Author(s):  
Kuo-Tan Li ◽  
Jim Syvertsen ◽  
Jill Dunlop
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Citrus Paradisi ◽  
Fruit Removal ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Four Levels

Effects of crop load on leaf characteristics, shoot growth, fruit shape, fruit quality, and return bloom were investigated in 13-year-old `Ruby Red' grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) on `Swingle' citrumleo rootstock. Trees were hand thinned in June 2003 and 2004 at the end of physiological fruit drop to establish three to four levels of crop load ranging from normal (high crop load without thinning) to extremely low (near 90% fruit removal). Leaves on high crop load trees had higher net assimilation of CO2 (ACO2) than those on low crop load trees. Crop load enhancement of ACO2 continued until harvest. In 2004, however, the effects were diminished in October just prior to the beginning of the harvest season, after leaf and fruit loss from three consecutive hurricanes. There was no difference in leaf dry weight per leaf area and leaf nitrogen among treatments. Nonfruiting branches of high crop load trees produced fewer, but longer, summer flushes than those of low crop load trees. Fruiting branches generally produced few summer flushes with similar shoot lengths among treatments. High crop load trees developed a greater percentage of vegetative shoots, whereas low crop load trees developed more inflorescences. Crop load adjustments did not affect fruit size and total soluble solid content, but low crop load trees produced a higher percentage of irregular shape (sheepnosed) fruit with high acidity.

scholarly journals Early metabolic priming under differing carbon sufficiency conditions influences peach fruit quality development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendon M. Anthony ◽  
Jacqueline M. Chaparro ◽  
Jessica E. Prenni ◽  
Ioannis S. Minas
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Primary Metabolism ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Quality Development ◽  
Peach Fruit

AbstractCrop load management is an important preharvest factor to balance yield, quality, and maturation in peach. However, few studies have addressed how preharvest factors impact metabolism on fruit of equal maturity. An experiment was conducted to understand how carbon competition impacts fruit internal quality and metabolism in ‘Cresthaven’ peach trees by imposing distinct thinning severities. Fruit quality was evaluated at three developmental stages (S2, S3, S4), while controlling for equal maturity using non-destructive near-infrared spectroscopy. Non-targeted metabolite profiling was used to characterize fruit at each developmental stage from trees that were unthinned (carbon starvation) or thinned (carbon sufficiency). Carbon sufficiency resulted in significantly higher fruit dry matter content and soluble solids concentration at harvest when compared to the carbon starved, underscoring the true impact of carbon manipulation on fruit quality. Significant differences in the fruit metabolome between treatments were observed at S2 when phenotypes were similar, while less differences were observed at S4 when the carbon sufficient fruit exhibited a superior phenotype. This suggests a potential metabolic priming effect on fruit quality when carbon is sufficiently supplied during early fruit growth and development. In particular, elevated levels of catechin may suggest a link between secondary/primary metabolism and fruit quality development.HighlightAn investigation of variable carbon supply conditions in peach fruit reveals that early metabolic priming is associated with quality development

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