scholarly journals Two Almond Cultivars Trained in a Super-High Density Orchard Show Different Growth, Yield Efficiencies and Damages by Mechanical Harvesting

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1406
Author(s):  
Francesco Maldera ◽  
Gaetano Alessandro Vivaldi ◽  
Ignasi Iglesias-Castellarnau ◽  
Salvatore Camposeo
Keyword(s):  
Growth Yield ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
High Density ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Cultivation Technique ◽  
Fruit Growing

Modern almond growing travels on the tracks of super-high density (SHD). Born in 2010, it has already reached 6700 ha planted all over the world. This new cultivation system needs to define efficient agronomic techniques in order to identify it as a “Super-Efficient System”. Among these, the choice of cultivar is a crucial technique and a key factor for sustainability. The purpose of this study was to compare different cultivars in terms of vegetative, productive, and efficiencies parameters in order to gain applicable relevant knowledge about the SHD almond cultivation technique. For this, 3 years of research was carried out during 2017–2019, on a young almond grove made in 2014 with row spacing of 3.80 m × 1.20 m (2190 trees/ha), to evaluate the agronomic behavior of the two most planted cultivars in Italy, Guara-Tuono and Lauranne® Avijor, grafted on the Rootpac®20 dwarfing rootstock. The main biometric, productive, yield, mechanical harvesting efficiencies, and almond quality parameters were evaluated. Cv Lauranne® showed greater vigor, greater fruit yield, and damaged axes by mechanical harvesting, while higher values of yield efficiencies were observed for cv Tuono. Harvesting efficiency was related to canopy size and tree age. On the contrary, almonds quality parameters were strongly related to the cultivar, confirming the good performance of Tuono as varietal characters. Then, this cultivar seems to be the most suitable for an efficient SHD planting system, in line with the objectives of modern sustainable fruit growing. The better performance of cv Tuono could be related to the positive influence of the terroir as well.

PRACTICES OF DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY FINANCIAL POLICY OF HIGHER EDUCATION INNOVATION OF UKRAINE

2017 ◽  
pp. 72-83
Author(s):  
Vitaliy MARTYNIUK
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Financial Policy ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Social Standards ◽  
Key Factor

Introduction. Article reviews the current state and key aspects of financial policy in higher education and it’s innovative development in Ukraine. Through education institutions achieved increase of social standards, needs and increase welfare, increase the competitiveness of the state as a whole. Purpose. The purpose of this paper is to determine the characteristics of the development strategy of financial policy of innovative development of higher education and finding ways to improve its implementation. Results. The article deals with the importance of an innovative approach to the development of financial strategy in higher education. The ways to improve the effectiveness of the financial policy of innovative development of higher education are defined. Today an important form of state regulation of the economy is macroeconomic planning and forecasting. Conclusion. Innovative development of higher education is the foundation of economic growth of the economy and improvement of social standards. The financial policy of the state in this area is aimed, ultimately, to ensure the welfare of all members of society. Achieving high rates of innovation in the field of higher education facilities by building efficient system of economic mechanisms of financing. Important direct result of providing innovative educational services not only to order the state or the employer, but also on the personal needs of citizens in their development. The level of education is a key factor the ability of the workforce to adapt to new conditions, increase overall efficiency, etc.

scholarly journals Potassium and Water-Deficient Conditions Influence the Growth, Yield and Quality of Ratoon Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) in a Semi-Arid Agroecosystem

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2257
Author(s):  
Rajan Bhatt ◽  
Jagdish Singh ◽  
Alison M. Laing ◽  
Ram Swaroop Meena ◽  
Walaa F. Alsanie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Fertilizer Application Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Ratoon Sugarcane

Groundwater and soil potassium deficiencies are present in northern India. Sugarcane is a vital crop in the Indian Punjab; it is grown on approximately 91,000 hectares with an average yield of 80 tonnes ha−1 and a sugar recovery rate of 9.59%. The role of potassium (K) fertilizer under both sufficient and deficient irrigation in ratoon sugarcane crops is not well documented. We conducted a split-plot ratoon cane experiment during 2020–2021 at the Gurdaspur Regional Research Station of Punjab Agricultural University, India, on K-deficient soils. Main treatments were fully irrigated (I1) and water stressed (I0) conditions, with sub-treatments reflecting K fertilizer application rates of 0 (M1), 67 (M2), 133 (M3), and 200 (M4) kg K ha−1. The ratoon sugarcane performance was assessed in terms of growth, productivity, sugar quality and incidence of key insect pests. At harvest, trends in the growth and yield parameters in I1 were improved over the I0 treatment, with cane height (+12.2%), diameter (+3.3%), number of internodes (+5.4%), biomass yield (+7.6%) and cane yield (+5.9%) all higher, although little significant difference was observed between treatments. Ratoon cane yield under irrigation was 57.1 tonnes ha−1; in water-stressed conditions, it was 54.7 tonnes ha−1. In terms of sugarcane quality parameters, measured 12 months after harvesting the initial seed crop, values of Brix (+3.6%), pol (+3.9%), commercial cane sugar percentage (+4.0%) and extractable sugar percentage (+2.8%) were all higher in the irrigated treatments than the water-stressed plot. Irrigated treatments also had a significantly lower incidence of two key insect pests: top borer (Scirpophaga excerptalis) was reduced by 18.5% and stalk borer (Chilo auricilius) by 21.7%. The M3 and M4 treatments resulted in the highest cane yield and lowest incidence of insect pests compared to other K-fertilizer treatments. Economic return on K-fertilizer application increased with increasing fertilizer dosage. Under the potassium-deficient water-stressed conditions of the region of north India, a fertilizer application rate of 133 kg K ha−1 is recommended to improve ratoon sugarcane growth, yield, and quality parameters and economic returns for sugarcane farmers.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF THE WAXY WHEAT FLOUR ON THE CAKE`S STALING

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-362
Author(s):  
Kateryna Iorgachova ◽  
Olga Makarova ◽  
Kateryna Khvostenko
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Bound Water ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Waxy Wheat ◽  
Physico Chemical

Nowadays the use of waxy wheat in bread and pastry technologies, is gaining interest in view of extending the shelf-life of flour products, avoiding the use of additives. The obtained results shows the expediency of using waxy wheat flour, starch of which does not contain amylose, for the stabilization of the cake`s quality during its storage. The influence of the mass fraction of non-amylose wheat flour on the physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of finished products were studied. Quality parameters like moisture content, rheological characteristics of the crumb, microbial and sensory analysis of developed products were evaluated during 7 days of storage period. It is found that replacement of bakery wheat flour with traditional starch content for the waxy wheat flour has the positive influence on the cake`s staling process. These samples were characterized with lower decrease of moisture loss, less reduction of the amount of bound water in cake`s crumb and higher organoleptic quality at the end of the shelf-life without adding of synthetic improvers.

scholarly journals Effects of Rootstock, Tree Density and Training System on Early Growth, Yield and Fruit Quality of Blush Pear

HortScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Lexie McClymont ◽  
Ian Goodwin ◽  
Desmond Whitfield ◽  
Mark O’Connell ◽  
Susanna Turpin
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
Training System ◽  
Tree Density ◽  
High Density ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
And Training

Vegetative growth, orchard productivity, fruit quality and marketable yield were evaluated for rootstock (D6, BP1 and Quince A), tree density (741–4444 trees/ha), and training system (Open Tatura trellis, two-dimensional vertical and three-dimensional traditional) effects on young trees of the blush pear cultivar ‘ANP-0131’. ‘ANP-0131’ is a vigorous scion and vegetative growth, precocity, and yield were influenced by the selected rootstocks. Tree density and training system treatments exerted a substantial effect on canopy radiation interception while increasing tree density improved yield. Increasing tree density from 2222 (high density) to 4444 (ultra-high density) trees/ha did not improve cumulative yield. Crop load affected fruit size, such that “marketable” yield (yield of fruit weighing between 150 and 260 g) was greatest for trees on D6 rootstock and trained to Open Tatura trellis at high and ultra-high densities.

scholarly journals Prospects and Constraints of Transplanted Maize, Wheat, Sorghum and Pearl Millet: A Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-43
Author(s):  
Saikat Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Plant Stand ◽  
Nutritional Benefits ◽  
Direct Sowing

Cereal crops such as maize, wheat, sorghum and pearl millet are important for human consumption due to their nutritional benefits. These cereals play pivotal roles to meet world’s food demand. However, maintenance of food security particularly in the circumstance of changing climate, constantly urges for modification of agro-techniques and one such modification is the incorporation of transplanting technique in these cereals as an alternative under a non-practicable situation of direct sowing. Transplanting is a method of transferring seedlings grown in nursery or others to the field. It has been already found to shorten the crop duration and improve germination, plant stand, seed and seedling quality parameters, growth, yield and economic profitability of these cereals. Besides, research findings are also available stating that transplanting helps these cereals to cope up with vagaries of weather and to exhibit greater radiation and water use efficiencies and suppression of weeds. Outcomes of transplanting are however dependent on various factors like methods of nursery raising, the variety used, mode of planting, age of seedlings etc. In spite of these prospects, transplanting technique is not so popular in these cereals due to poor dissemination, discouraging research findings, pest and disease problems, lack of suitable package of practices etc. Therefore, focuses are to be given in conducting more and more research trials to confirm its location and situation wise efficacy and also in developing and disseminating a suitable package of practices of transplanting accordingly.

scholarly journals Effects of Intra-Row Spacing on Yield and Yield Components of Sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid) Varieties at Omo Kuraz, Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
Wubante Alehegn ◽  
Amare Girma ◽  
A. Q. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Spacing Effect ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Sugarcane Varieties ◽  
Significant Difference

Sugarcane stalk population is a key determinant of cane yield and knowing the right intra-row spacing is a critical factor in sugarcane production for a given environment. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted at Omo Kuraz Sugar Estate during the 2018/ 2019 cropping season to determine the effect of intra-row spacings (5 cm overlapping, end-to-end, 5 cm spacing between setts and 10 cm spacing between setts) on growth, yield, yield components and quality parameters of sugarcane varieties (N14, Mex54/245 and C86/112). The treatments were arranged in a split-plot design with three replications. Varieties were represented as the main plot whereas setts spacing treatments were assigned to sub-plots. Analysis of variance revealed that the intra-row spacing effect didn’t show a significant difference in the number of tillers, plant population, millable cane, cane yield, sugar yield, and Brix percent whereas significant (P<0.05) differences were observed in stalk height, stalk girth, number of internodes and weight per stalk. Therefore, the 10 cm intra-row spacing of three budded setts can be recommended for better productivity and profitability of N14 and Mex54/245 varieties at the Omo Kuraz Sugar factory.

scholarly journals Does propagation method affect the field performance of peach trees?

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2815
Author(s):  
André Luiz Kulkamp de Souza ◽  
Márcia Wulff Schuch ◽  
Samila Silva Camargo ◽  
Robson Rodrigues Pereira ◽  
Edson Luiz de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
High Density ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Propagation Methods ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Vegetative Bud

Worldwide, peach propagation has been performed mainly by grafting scions of desirable cultivars on rootstocks obtained from seeds. There are, however, other potential propagation methods not widely adopted due to the limited reports on the field performance of the resultant trees. This study addressed this knowledge gap and investigated the field performance of peach trees of the cultivar Maciel that were established in an orchard (5.0 m × 1.4 m spacing) in 2011. The trees were trained in a "Y" system, with seedlings from three propagation techniques: 1) Conventional System (CS) - vegetative bud grafting of the scion on the rootstock of the Okinawa cultivar obtained from seed; 2) Rootstock by Minicutting (RM) - vegetative bud grafting of the scion on the rootstock of the Okinawa cultivar obtained by minicutting in a semi-hydroponic system; 3) Self-Rooting (SR) - self-rooting of the scion in a semi-hydroponic system. The vegetative, productive, and fruit quality parameters were assessed during 2012 and 2013. The Maciel peach trees that were propagated by the SR technique were found to have similar or even superior field performance to those propagated by the CS. The RM propagation method was also found to be an important potential alternative to peach propagation, since this it combines two techniques (cutting and grafting) to reduce tree vigor, especially if the goal is high-density planting.

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