scholarly journals Effects of Different Tillage Intensities on Physicochemical and Microbial Properties of a Eutric Fluvisol Soil

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1497
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Gajda ◽  
Ewa Antonina Czyż ◽  
Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Level Indicator ◽  
Microbial Properties

The physicochemical and microbial properties of soil under long-term monoculture of winter wheat were studied to assess the effects of two tillage systems of different intensities: reduced (RT) and conventional (CT). The research was carried out on an 18-year-old experimental field at Grabów (eastern Poland) between 2018 and 2020. The RT (ploughless) and the CT (mouldboard ploughing) systems with machine operating depths of up to 10 and 25 cm, respectively, were used. The analysed parameters were as follows: soil texture, pH, readily dispersible clay content (RDC), soil organic matter (SOM), carbon from particulate organic matter (POM-C), hot- and cold-water-extractable organic carbon (HWEC, CWEC) and nitrogen (HWEN, CWEN), soil basal respiration (SBR), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN), nitrification potential (NP), dehydrogenases (DEH), and acid (ACP) and alkaline (ALP) phosphatases activities. Several single soil quality indices, including: metabolic (qCO2) and microbial (MicQ) quotients, enzymatic pH level indicator (EpHI), stratification ratio (SR), and metabolic potential index (MP) were calculated. The use of RT resulted in increased SOM and, therefore, in decreased RDC and increased values of soil stability, POM-C, HWEC, CWEC, HWEN, CWEN, MBC, and MBN in relation to CT. The MicQ, EpHI, SR, and MP well reflected the effects of RT and CT systems on soil and appeared to be useful in soil quality assessment. The results showed the beneficial effects on soil of the less intensive RT system in comparison with CT. Statistical analysis showed the significance of differences between tillage systems and interrelationships between the studied soil quality parameters.

Microbial indicators for assessing the adverse impact of technical-grade hexachlorocyclohexane on soil quality

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikel Anza
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Soil Quality Index ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Technical Grade ◽  
Microbial Properties ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Microbial Properties ◽  
The Impact

Technical-grade hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) has been widely used for human health and agricultural purposes. Consequently, HCH residues have entered the soil ecosystem with concomitant deleterious effects on soil quality. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of HCH on soil microbial properties as biological indicators of soil quality. To this end, non-polluted soil was spiked with different amounts of a heavily HCH-polluted soil in order to obtain a concentration gradient between 0 and 1,500 mg HCH kg<sup>-1</sup> dry matter soil. The mixtures were incubated under laboratory conditions for 2 months. Dehydrogenase activity, fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis activity (FDA), basal respiration, substrate-induced respiration (SIR), microbial biomass carbon, metabolic potential, and the soil quality index were negatively affected by increasing HCH concentrations in soil, in many cases following an exponential pattern. FDA and SIR appear <em>a priori</em> suitable indicators for the impact of HCH on soil microbial properties and, hence, soil quality.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES UNDER DIFFERENT SOIL COVER

CERNE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Novak ◽  
Laércio Alves Carvalho ◽  
Etenaldo Felipe Santiago ◽  
Irzo Isaac Rosa Portilho
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Environmental Recovery ◽  
Short Period

ABSTRACT A challenge for the environmental recovery of degraded areas is the search for soil data. In this process, the microbiological parameters and soil chemicals are potential indicators of soil quality. This study aimed to evaluate soil quality based on microbiological and chemical soil attributes in different areas involving environmental recovery, sugarcane cultivation and remnants of native vegetation located in a rural private property farm in State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, in Hapludox Eutrophic soil. The microbiological (microbial biomass carbon, basal respiration, microbial quotient and metabolic quotient) and chemical parameters (organic matter, carbon, pH, cationic exchange capacity, sum of bases, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, saturation base and potential acidity) were assessed. Data were assessed by variance and multivariate analysis (Principal Component Analysis and cluster analysis). Overall, the results showed highest alteration in the chemical and microbiological characteristics of the soil in sugarcane cultivation area in comparison with other areas. Considering the studied recovery areas, REC1, REC5 and REC7 show chemical and microbiological conditions with most similarity to native vegetation. Despite the short period of the resilience enhancement of environmental recovery areas, the development of vegetation cover and establishment of the microbial community were determined to be important factors for improving soil quality and environmental recovery in several of the areas studied.

scholarly journals Qualidade do Solo sob Cultivo de Banana em Sistemas de Produção Orgânico e Convencional em Gonçalves (MG)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1206
Author(s):  
Vanêssa Lopes de Faria ◽  
Rogério Melloni ◽  
Eliane Guimarães Pereira Melloni
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Conventional Production

O objetivo foi avaliar a qualidade do solo em função dos diferentes sistemas de produção orgânico e convencional de banana mediante análise integrada dos atributos físicos, químicos e microbiológicos, tendo como referência uma área de mata nativa. As amostras deformadas e indeformadas foram coletadas na profundidade de 0 a 20 cm, no município de Gonçalves (MG) e submetidas às análises físicas (textura, densidade do solo, densidade de partículas, porosidade total, diâmetro médio geométrico e ponderado), químicas (fertilidade básica e matéria orgânica), microbiológicas (carbono da biomassa microbiana, atividade microbiana e qCO2). Os resultados indicam que as práticas culturais e o manejo do solo adotado no sistema de produção orgânico e convencional contribuíram para um aporte expressivo de matéria orgânica atribuído à constante deposição da biomassa da bananeira, sem diferença com a área de referência de mata nativa, havendo, dessa forma, manutenção da qualidade física e microbiológica do solo. Os indicadores químicos apresentaram condições químicas favoráveis ao desenvolvimento do plantel nos sistemas orgânicos, e em especial nos sistemas convencionais, onde, além do material orgânico depositado, houve adição de insumos químicos. Ressalta-se as limitações da seleção dos indicadores químicos, os quais não avaliaram os efeitos dos insumos químicos utilizados nos sistemas convencionais, sendo este, o principal fator que diferencia o manejo realizado nos sistemas orgânicos e convencionais. Soil Quality under Banana Cultivation in Organic and Conventional Production Systems in Gonçalves (MG) ABSTRACTThe aim of this work was to evaluate the soil quality depending on different banana cultivation conventional and organic systems, through integrated analysis of physical, chemical and microbiological attributes, using an area of a native forest as reference. The deformed and not deformed samples were collected at a depth of 0 to 20 cm in the city of Gonçalves (Minas Gerais’ state), then undergo to physic analysis (texture, soil density, particle density, total porosity, weighted geometric mean diameter); chemical (soil fertility and organic matter); and microbiological (microbial biomass carbon, microbial activity and qCO2). The results indicated that the cultural practices and the soil management adopted in the organic and conventional productions system contributed to an expressive input of organic matter, improving soil quality in terms of physical, chemical and microbiological aspects. Thus, due to the similarity of soil quality, it is recommended that the practices of adding agricultural inputs to conventional production systems be reviewed.Keywords: use of the soil, banana cultivation, indicators of the soil quality.

scholarly journals Effect of management systems and cover crops on organic matter dynamics of soil under vegetables

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 923-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Fernandes de Souza ◽  
Cícero Célio de Figueiredo ◽  
Nuno Rodrigo Madeira ◽  
Flávia Aparecida de Alcântara
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Organic Matter Dynamics

Vegetable production in conservation tillage has increased in Brazil, with positive effects on the soil quality. Since management systems alter the quantity and quality of organic matter, this study evaluated the influence of different management systems and cover crops on the organic matter dynamics of a dystrophic Red Latosol under vegetables. The treatments consisted of the combination of three soil tillage systems: no-tillage (NT), reduced tillage (RT) and conventional tillage (CT) and of two cover crops: maize monoculture and maize-mucuna intercrop. Vegetables were grown in the winter and the cover crops in the summer for straw production. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with four replications. Soil samples were collected between the crop rows in three layers (0.0-0.05, 0.05-0.10, and 0.10-0.30 m) twice: in October, before planting cover crops for straw, and in July, during vegetable cultivation. The total organic carbon (TOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), oxidizable fractions, and the carbon fractions fulvic acid (C FA), humic acid (C HA) and humin (C HUM) were determined. The main changes in these properties occurred in the upper layers (0.0-0.05 and 0.05-0.10 m) where, in general, TOC levels were highest in NT with maize straw. The MBC levels were lowest in CT systems, indicating sensitivity to soil disturbance. Under mucuna, the levels of C HA were lower in RT than NT systems, while the C FA levels were lower in RT than CT. For vegetable production, the C HUM values were lowest in the 0.05-0.10 m layer under CT. With regard to the oxidizable fractions, the tillage systems differed only in the most labile C fractions, with higher levels in NT than CT in the 0.0-0.05 m layer in both summer and winter, with no differences between these systems in the other layers. The cabbage yield was not influenced by the soil management system, but benefited from the mulch production of the preceding maize-mucuna intercrop as cover plant.

Soil Quality Indicators in Conventional and Conservation Tillage Systems in the Brazilian Cerrado

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Alberto da Silva Rodrigues Pinto ◽  
Sandra Santana de Lima ◽  
Cristiane Figueira da Silva ◽  
Rafael Gomes da Mota Gonçalves ◽  
Igor de Sousa Morais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Aggregation ◽  
Reference Area ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
No Till

Abstract Conventional and conservation tillage systems can alter soil aggregation and total and labile soil organic matter (SOM) contents. This study aimed to determine the degree of soil aggregation, quantify total carbon (TC), permanganate oxidizable carbon (POXC), light organic matter (LOM), and potentially mineralizable carbon (CO2-C) contents in soils aggregates, and assess soil quality indices at sites under conventional and conservation tillage in the Cerrado region of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Four experimental areas were analyzed: a area under conventional tillage for 20 years, a area under no-till for 6 years, a area under no-till for 18 years, and a reference area of undisturbed Cerrado vegetation. Soil aggregates retained on 8.0 to 4.0 mm sieves were evaluated for size class distribution and mean weight diameter. TC, POXC, LOM, daily and total CO2-C emissions were also analyzed. These data were used to calculate the C/N ratio and sensitivity, carbon pool, and lability indices. The results of SOM compartments were in agreement with those obtained for the soil aggregation status. Environmental conditions at no-till areas promoted macroaggregate formation and preserved TC and LOM contents, resulting in a high degree of aggregate stability. Soil quality indices were sensitive to identify changes between the reference area and managed areas. Soil aggregates from no-till areas had higher CO2-C emissions and accumulations than those from the conventional tillage area.

scholarly journals Response of soil microbiota to nine-year application of swine manure and urea

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Morales ◽  
Mónica Machado Vargas ◽  
Michele Pottes de Oliveira ◽  
Bruna Lunarde Taffe ◽  
Jucinei Comin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Tillage System

ABSTRACT: Manure fertilization is a common practice, but little is known about its impacts on soil microbial activity and organic matter. Aiming to evaluate soil microbial response to nine years of successive applications of swine manure, organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), pH, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), basal respiration (BR), metabolic quotient (qCO2), and enzyme (ß-glucosidase, phosphatase, arylsulphatase, and FDA) activities were measured in the 0-10cm soil layer, in a no-tillage system. Treatments were: control soil without fertilization (C), and application of two doses (104 and 209kg of N ha-1year-1) of urea (U1 and U2), pig slurry (PS1 and PS2) and deep litter (DL1 and DL2). TOC, TN, soil pH, MBC, and BR increased in soil fertilized with DL, and were lower in U treatments. Soils with U and DL application had higher qCO2, related to different sources of stressors like nutrient imbalance. Phosphatase and ß-glucosidase activities were not affected by treatments, increased with time, and had a strong correlation with MBC. We conclude that long-term swine manure applications increase microbial activity and soil organic matter, mainly in DL form; while urea applications have negative impacts on these indicators.

scholarly journals Effects of long-term use of different farming systems on some physical, chemical and microbiological parameters of soil quality

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna M. Gajda ◽  
Ewa A. Czyż ◽  
Anthony R. Dexter
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Fluorescein Diacetate ◽  
Control Soil ◽  
Dispersible Clay

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the effects of different farming systems (organic, integrated, conventional and monoculture) on some soil properties as: bulk density, contents of readily-dispersible clay, organic matter and particulate organic matter, and enzymatic activity measured in terms of the intensity of fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis. Soil under permanent grass was used as a control. The study was conducted on the 20 years lasting field experiment. Samples of Haplic Luvisol soil were collected twice a year on fields under winter wheat from the layers of 0-5, 5-10, 15-20, and 30-35 cm. Within arable soils the soil under organic farming contained the greatest amount of organic matter, which influenced strongly the readily-dispersible clay content, especially in the layer of 5-20 cm. The readily-dispersible clay content in soil under organic farming was 3 times lower, as compared to the conventional and monoculture farming. The highest contents of particulate organic matter 6.2 and 3.5 mg g−1air dry soil, on average were measured in the 0-5 cm layer of control soil and soil under organic farming, respectively. Also, soil under organic farming and control soil from the depth of 0-5 cm showed 2-2.5 times greater activity of microorganisms in fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis than soil under conventional and monoculture farming. Increase of concentration of organic matter in soil under organic farming decreased soil bulk density. Statistical analysis showed significant correlations between studied parameters of soil quality and confirmed their effectiveness as indicators of disturbances in soil environment.

scholarly journals Biological Quality Indicators of a Haplortox Soil Under Different Management Systems in Southern Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 250
Author(s):  
Macarius Cesar Di Lauro Moreira ◽  
Deonir Secco ◽  
Luiz Antônio Zanão Júnior ◽  
Luciene Kazue Tokura ◽  
Araceli Ciotti de Marins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Avena Strigosa

The research was looking for the quick response of soil's microbiota to soil changes caused by management systems, changes to which biological indicators of soil quality are sensitive. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the impacts of seven soil management systems, including in on hand covers of Pennisetum glaucum (PG), Avena strigosa (AS), Stizolobium aterrimum (SA), EF Pisum sativum (PS) + Avena strigosa (AS), and on the other hand, No soil tillage with gypsum application (NTSG), No soil tillage with scarification (NTSS) and No soil tillage (NTS), on soil quality bioindicators. The bioindicators recorded from top soil samples were collected from the first 10 cm at pre-planting, at pre-flowering and at post-harvest of the soybean, from July 2014 to March 2015 were Total organic carbon (TOC), Soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC), Soil basal respiration, Respiratory coefficient (qCO2), Microbial coefficient (qMIC), and its relationship with soybean yields. The seven treatments were arranged in the field according to a completely randomized experimental, Analysis of variance (Anova) for each of the bioindicators and comparison of treatment mean values using Tukey test at 5% probability were carried out. SA, the AS+PS consortium and the no-tillage system led to significant improvement of the biological attributes of the soil. The management systems did not change the yield of soybean grain.

scholarly journals Harnessing the Potential of Symbiotic Endophytic Fungi and Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria to Enhance Soil Quality in Saline Soils

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1810
Author(s):  
Zahra Rouydel ◽  
Mohsen Barin ◽  
Mir Hassan Rasouli-Sadaghiani ◽  
Maryam Khezri ◽  
Ramesh Raju Vetukuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
And Control

Soil salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses limiting crop growth and production worldwide. Some microorganisms can improve the plants’ tolerance to salinity. For this purpose, a greenhouse experiment was performed to understand the influence of various microorganisms on soil biological indices and wheat growth under different saline conditions. The factors varied in the experiment were the microbial treatment (rhizobacteria, mycorrhizal fungi, endophytic fungus, and control) and salinity stress (0.5, 8, and 14 dS m−1). Rhizobacteria were isolated from saline soils, but the fungi were prepared from a microbial bank. Overall, ten isolates were purified, and three with promising growth-promoting properties were identified using phenotypic and molecular methods. The selected isolates belonged to the genera Pseudomonas (P. aeruginosa Ur83 and P. fluorescens Ur67) and Stenotrophomonas (S. maltophilia Ur52). Soil quality indices were found to decrease with increasing salinity, but inoculation with microorganisms alleviated this decline. Inoculation with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) increased basal respiration, substrate-induced respiration, microbial biomass carbon, acid and alkaline phosphatase activities, and carbon availability by factors of 1.37, 1.27, 1.83, 3.07, 1.29, and 1.11, respectively. These results show that inoculation with symbiotic microorganisms can improve agricultural soil quality under saline conditions and may thus be valuable in agriculture.

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