scholarly journals FPGA-Embedded Smart Monitoring System for Irrigation Decisions Based on Soil Moisture and Temperature Sensors

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1881
Author(s):  
Aziz Oukaira ◽  
Amrou Zyad Benelhaouare ◽  
Emmanuel Kengne ◽  
Ahmed Lakhssassi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Cmos Technology ◽  
Basin Irrigation ◽  
Plant Moisture ◽  
Time And Energy ◽  
And Control

The basic need common to all living beings is water. Less than 1% of the water on earth is fresh water and water use is increasing daily. Agricultural practices alone require huge amounts of water. The drip technique improved the efficiency of water use in irrigation and initiated the introduction and development of fertigation, the integrated distribution of water and fertilizer. The past few decades have seen extensive research being carried out in the area of development and evaluation of different technologies available to estimate/measure soil moisture to aid in various applications and to facilitate the use of drip irrigation for users and farmers. In this technology, plant moisture and temperature are accurately monitored and controlled in real time over roots in the form of droplets, by developing smart monitoring system to save water and avoid water waste using drip irrigation technology. Water is delivered to the roots drop by drop, which saves water as well as prevents plants from being flooded and decaying due to excess water released by irrigation methods such as flood irrigation, border irrigation, furrow irrigation, and control basin irrigation. Drip irrigation with an embedded intelligent monitoring system is one of the most valuable techniques used to save water and farmers’ time and energy. In this paper, we design an embedded monitoring system based in the integrated 65 nm CMOS technology in agricultural practices which would facilitate agriculture and enable farmers to monitor crops. Hence, to demonstrate the feasibility, a prototype was constructed and simulated with modelsim and validated with nclaunch the both tools from Cadence, as well as implementation on the FPGA board, was be performed.

scholarly journals RESPONSE OF YOUNG SOUR CHERRY TREES TO WOODCHIP MULCH AND DRIP IRRIGATION

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
Daina Feldmane
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Cherry Leaf Spot ◽  
Twig Blight ◽  
And Control ◽  
Economical Losses ◽  
Cherry Trees

The productivity of sour cherries grown in Latvia is insufficient. Yielding of sour cherries can be advanced providing appropriate soil moisture and control of diseases. Cherry leaf spot as well as spur and twig blight are the most important sour cherry diseases which cause economical losses of the yield. The influence of woodchip mulch and drip irrigation on sour cherry yielding and resistance to the diseases is investigated. The drip irrigation and woodchip mulch increased the yield of cherries. The cultivar ‘Bulatnikovskaya’ was the most productive. Drip irrigation slightly improved resistance to cherry leaf spot for the cultivars ‘Zentenes’, ‘Orlica’ and ‘Tamaris’.

scholarly journals Effect of Automated Drip Irrigation System on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 193-198
Author(s):  
R. Suvitha ◽  
A. Velayutham ◽  
V. Geethalakshmi ◽  
S. Panneerselvam ◽  
P. Jeyakumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Conventional Method ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Moisture Sensor ◽  
Soil Moisture Sensor ◽  
Use Efficiency

Field experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of different automated drip irrigation on tomato crop under sandy clay loam soil in Tamil Nadu Agricultural University during kharif 2019 and kharif 2020. Five treatments comprising 4 different automated drip irrigation systems are time based drip irrigation, volume based drip irrigation, soil moisture sensor based irrigation, switching tensiometer based irrigation and one is conventional method of irrigation were tested. The results revealed that tensiometer based drip irrigation recorded higher fruit yield of 95.11 and 96.21 t ha-1 and water use efficiency of 21.10 and 25.42 t ha-mm-1 resulting in increment over conventional method of irrigation. However, the above treatment was followed by soil moisture sensor based drip irrigation in tomato. Tensiometer based drip irrigation helps to save the water up to 54.91 and 60.55 % compared to conventional method of irrigation during kharif 2019 and 2020.

scholarly journals Effects of Different Plastic Mulching Film on Soil Hydrothermal Status and Water Utilization by Spring Maize in Northwest China

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruhua Liu ◽  
Zhenhua Wang ◽  
Hanchun Ye ◽  
Wenhao Li ◽  
Rui Zong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Biodegradable Film ◽  
Polyethylene Mulching ◽  
Film Treatment ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Mulching Film ◽  
Mulching Films

The problem of residual film pollution in farmland caused by polyethylene mulching films is serious. The application effects of different mulching films combined with drip irrigation on maize planting in the Ili area, Xinjiang, China, were explored. In this study, four types of mulching films and non-mulching treatment were used to study the degradation properties of different plastic mulching and their effects on the dynamic changes of soil moisture, heat, and crop yields of maize under drip irrigation. The results showed that after 160 days of mulching film, only small cracks appeared in polyethylene mulching films. The degradation performance of white oxo-biodegradable film treatment was optimal than the black oxo-biodegradable film treatment. The quality loss rate of the two biodegradable films were 52.26 and 48.48%, respectively. Various mulching film treatments could increase soil moisture in the early stage of maize growth. At the 0–60 cm soil layer, the soil moisture under the white oxo-biodegradable mulching film and black oxo-biodegradable mulching film treatments were lower by 2.75 and 2.66% (p < 0.05) than the white polyethylene mulching film and black polyethylene mulching film treatments. The soil water consumption was highest in the non-mulching treatment, followed by biodegradable film, and the small least value was observed in the polyethylene film treatment. The average soil temperature at depth of 0–15 cm in white polyethylene mulching film, black polyethylene mulching film, white oxo-biodegradable mulching film, and black oxo-biodegradable mulching film treatments were 1.43, 1.16, 0.72 and 0.64°C higher than the non-mulching treatment, respectively. Mulching films treatment played a critical role in increasing production and improving water use efficiency. The black polyethylene mulching film treatment had the highest yield and the best water use efficiency. The black oxo-biodegradable mulching film treatment only reduces the yield by 0.33% compared to the black polyethylene mulching film treatment, and the water use efficiency was only reduced by 0.90% (p > 0.05). Comprehensive analysis showed that black oxo-biodegradable mulching film could be used as a substitute for polyethylene mulching film and can be applied to the production practice of drip irrigation maize in the Ili area.

scholarly journals Effects of Soil Texture on Soil Leaching and Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Growth under Combined Irrigation and Drainage

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 3614
Author(s):  
Dongwang Wang ◽  
Zhenhua Wang ◽  
Jinzhu Zhang ◽  
Bo Zhou ◽  
Tingbo Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
T1 And T2

To further explore the effects of different soil textures on soil leaching and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) growth using a combined irrigation and drainage technique and provide a theoretical basis for the improvement of saline alkali land in Xinjiang, we used a test pit experiment to test soil moisture, salinity, soil pH, permeability, cotton agronomic characteristics, cotton yield and quality, and water use efficiency in three soil textures (clay, loam, sand soil) under the combined irrigation and drainage (T1) and conventional drip irrigation (T2). We measured the soil moisture content in different soil layers of clay, loam and sandy soil under the T1 and T2 treatments. Clay and loam had better water retention than sandy soil, and the soil moisture under the combined irrigation and drainage treatment was slightly higher than that under conventional drip irrigation. Under T1, the average salt content and pH value in the 0–60 cm soil layer of clay, loam and sandy soil decreased by 14.09%, 14.21% and 12.35%, and 5.02%, 5.85% and 3.27%, respectively, compared with T2. Therefore, T2 reduced the salt content and pH value of shallow soil. Under T1 and T2, the relative permeability coefficient (K/K0) values in different soil textures at different growth stages of cotton were ranked as follows: sandy soil > loam > clay. Under T1, the K/K0 values for different soil textures at different growth stages of cotton were >1; therefore, T1 improved soil permeability. The yield and water use efficiency of seed cotton under T1 and T2 in different soil textures were ranked as follows: loam > clay > sand, and there were significant differences between the different treatments. In loam, the cotton yield and water use efficiency of the combined irrigation and drainage treatment were 6.37% and 13.70% higher than those for conventional drip irrigation treatment, respectively. By combining irrigation and drainage to adjust the soil moisture, salt, pH value and soil permeability of different soil textures, the root growth environment of crops can effectively be improved, which is of great significance to improving the utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer and promoting the growth of cotton.

scholarly journals Interannual Variations of Evapotranspiration and Water Use Efficiency over an Oasis Cropland in Arid Regions of North-Western China

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haibo Wang ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Junlei Tan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Western China ◽  
Flood Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Practice ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
North Western

The efficient use of limited water resources and improving the water use efficiency (WUE) of arid agricultural systems is becoming one of the greatest challenges in agriculture production and global food security because of the shortage of water resources and increasing demand for food in the world. In this study, we attempted to investigate the interannual trends of evapotranspiration and WUE and the responses of biophysical factors and water utilization strategies over a main cropland ecosystem (i.e., seeded maize, Zea mays L.) in arid regions of North-Western China based on continuous eddy-covariance measurements. This paper showed that ecosystem WUE and canopy WUE of the maize ecosystem were 1.90 ± 0.17 g C kg−1 H2O and 2.44 ± 0.21 g C kg−1 H2O over the observation period, respectively, with a clear variation due to a change of irrigation practice. Traditional flood irrigation generally results in over-irrigation, providing more water than actual crop requirements. Unlike flood irrigation, which can infiltrate into deep soil layers, drip irrigation can only influence the shallow soil moisture, which can lead to decreases of soil moisture of approximately 27–32% and 36–42% compared with flood irrigation for shallow and deep layers, respectively. Additionally, drip irrigation decreases evapotranspiration by 13% and transpiration by 11–14%, leading to increases in ecosystem and canopy WUE of 9–14% and 11%, respectively, compared to the traditional irrigation practice. Therefore, the drip irrigation strategy is an effective method to reduce irrigation water use and increase crop WUE in arid regions. Our study provides guidance to water-saving cultivation systems and has implications for sustainable water resources management and agriculture development in water-limited regions.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN SISTEM MONITORING DAN KENDALI PINTAR UNTUK TANAMAN TERUNG BERBASIS INTERNET OF THINGS DENGAN METODE PENYIRAMAN IRIGASI TETES

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-212
Author(s):  
Edi Anugrah ◽  
Muhammad Hasbi ◽  
Musfirah Putri Lukman
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Monitoring And Control System ◽  
And Control

Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is one of the horticultural crop products and vegetable crop commodities. Growth and quality are influenced by soil conditions, climate, and plant properties. The main source of agriculture is water and soil nutrients. This research applies a smart monitoring and control system for eggplant based on internet of things with the drip irrigation method. This system uses a NodeMCU V3 microcontroller as a controller for the aquatic and water pump. Besides using the Soil Moisture FC-28 sensor to measure soil moisture as an alternative to detect water availability in plants. DHT11 sensors are also given to monitor the temperature and humidity of the air around the plant. In the system there is a monitoring feature that can monitor air humidity, air temperature and soil moisture data. The system can automatically drip irrigation through the relay module when the soil moisture is below 50% and stop the watering process when it reaches 60% humidity. The sensor detection results can be monitored in the Blynk application and monitoring data, in the form of soil moisture, air temperature and air humidity, are saved to the database and can be downloaded in the format (.csv).

scholarly journals Field Comparison of Tensiometer and Granular Matrix Sensor Automatic Drip Irrigation on Tomato

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 584-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Muñoz-Carpena ◽  
Yuncong C. Li ◽  
Waldemar Klassen ◽  
Michael D. Dukes
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Commercial Practice ◽  
Portable Pump ◽  
Granular Matrix ◽  
Matrix Sensor

A low-volume/high frequency (LVHF) soil moisture-based drip irrigation system was tested on a shallow sandy soil at a commercial tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) farm in southern Florida. Six LVHF irrigation treatments were compared with the standard commercial practice on the farm (control), where a portable pump was used for manual drip irrigation twice each week. In the six LVHF treatments the system was continuously pressurized by means of an electrical pump and a pressure tank, and controlled by an irrigation timer set to irrigate a maximum of five times per day with the irrigation time (i.e., volume) set according to historical evapotranspiration (ET) demands in the area. Two treatments were based on timer schedules, one to supply 100% of the maximum recommended crop water needs in the area based on historical ET (ET-100%), and the other to supply 150% of those needs (ET-150%). The other four treatments were created by interfacing two types of soil moisture sensors (switching tensiometers and granular matrix sensors with control modules) set at two moisture points (wet = 10 kPa, optimal = 15 kPa) in a closed control loop with the irrigation timer programmed at the ET-100% schedule. Results showed that the six LVHF treatments reduced water use while not significantly affecting tomato yields. Switching tensiometers at the 15 kPa set point performed the best (up to 73% reduction in water use when compared to the control, 50% with respect to ET-100%). The results show that water use below historical ET levels can be obtained without sacrificing yield by keeping the root zone moisture at controlled levels with the soil-moisture based system. Routine maintenance was critical for reliable operation of the switching tensiometers. Granular matrix sensor based irrigation behaved erratically, and did not improve water savings compared to ET-100%, indicating that this system was not effective under the conditions of the area due to the sensor's slow response to frequent wetting-rewetting cycles and characteristics of the interface.

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