scholarly journals Utilisation of Miscanthus x giganteus L. Based C-Rich Fertilisers for N Immobilisation and Microbial Biomass Build-Up in a Crop Rotation

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2390
Author(s):  
Michael Stotter ◽  
Florian Wichern ◽  
Ralf Pude ◽  
Martin Hamer
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Miscanthus X Giganteus ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Organic Fertilisers ◽  
N Immobilisation ◽  
Set Up

Cultivation of perennials such as Miscanthus x giganteus Greef et Deuter (Mis) combines the provision of ecosystem services and the generation of additional carbon sources for farming. The potential of Mis based fertilisers, regarding immobilisation of inorganic nitrogen (N) and build-up of soil organic matter (SOM), was tested in a field trial. Therefore, a crop rotation of winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), mustard (Sinapis alba L.) as catch crop, sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was set up. The tested treatments were a mixture of Cattle Slurry (CS) and Mis, a mixture of CS and Wheat Straw (CS–WS), Cattle Manure (CM) from Mis shredded bedding, CM from WS shredded bedding, a pure CS, Urea Ammonium Nitrate (UAN) and a treatment without any N applied (NoN). When the carbon-rich fertilisers (both mixtures and manures) were applied to cereals, they led to a slight N immobilisation compared to pure CS, whereas differences were mostly not significant. Furthermore, Mis fertilisers were at least as efficient as WS-based organic fertilisers in inducing a contribution of SOM build-up and in reducing inorganic N before winter and thus preventing N losses, whereas differences were mostly not significant.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Immobilisation and Microbial Biomass Build-Up Induced by Miscanthus x giganteus L. Based Fertilisers

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1386
Author(s):  
Michael Stotter ◽  
Florian Wichern ◽  
Ralf Pude ◽  
Martin Hamer
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Microbial Biomass N ◽  
Miscanthus X Giganteus ◽  
Organic Fertilisers ◽  
Biomass N ◽  
Set Up

Cultivation of Miscanthus x giganteus L. (Mis) with annual harvest of biomass could provide an additional C source for farmers. To test the potential of Mis-C for immobilizing inorganic N from slurry or manure and as a C source for soil organic matter build-up in comparison to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) straw (WS), a greenhouse experiment was performed. Pot experiments with ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) were set up to investigate the N dynamics of two organic fertilisers based on Mis at Campus Klein-Altendorf, Germany. The two fertilisers, a mixture of cattle slurry and Mis as well as cattle manure from Mis-bedding material resulted in a slightly higher N immobilisation. Especially at the 1st and 2nd harvest, they were partly significantly different compared with the WS treatments. The fertilisers based on Mis resulted in a slightly higher microbial biomass C and microbial biomass N and thus can be identified as an additional C source to prevent nitrogen losses and for the build-up of soil organic matter (SOM) in the long-term.

scholarly journals The intensity of competitive interactions between spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori et. Paol) and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under different fertilisation conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-203
Author(s):  
Kinga Treder ◽  
Maria Wanic ◽  
Janusz Nowicki
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Competitive Interactions ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Spring Cereals ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Better Than

Competitive interactions between spring wheat and spring barley were traced based on a pot experiment. In the years 2003-2004, three cycles of the experiment were carried out in a greenhouse. Two spring cereals - wheat and barley, sown in a mixture and in a monoculture, with different mineral fertilisation levels, were the object of evaluation and comparison. The experiment was set up according to the additive scheme, determining dry weight values for both species in 5 growth stages (emergence, tillering, shooting, heading and ripening). Results were used to determine relative yields and competition ratios. It was demonstrated that competition between the cereals started already from the emergence stage and lasted till the end of vegetation, manifesting itself with the greatest strength at the heading stage, but thereafter it weakened in the NPK poorer environment. Access to a larger pool of macroelements resulted in the intensification of competitive interactions. Spring barley used the limited growth factors better than wheat from shooting till the ripening period, and a reverse relation was exhibited only at the tillering stage.

EFFETS DE DIFFERENTS TAUX DE FUMIER SUR LES POPULATIONS DE MAUVAISES HERBES, LA VERSE ET LE RENDEMENT EN GRAINS DES CEREALES

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 981-989
Author(s):  
J. M. DESCHENES ◽  
J. P. DUBUC
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Sheep Manure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mauvaises Herbes ◽  
Weed Infestation

The effect of four rates (9–36 t/ha) of sheep manure applied in the fall was compared to conventional inorganic fertilization (49 kg of N, 60 kg of P2O5 and 60 kg of K2O/ha) applied at seeding on three species of cereals. Weed populations, lodging and grain yields were recorded on oats (Avena sativa L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from 1976 to 1978 on the St-André sandy loam and in 1977 and 1978 on the Kamouraska clay. The manure applied came from sheep fed entirely with hay silage. The various rates of sheep manure had no effect on weed population since no significant difference has been observed between the organic and inorganic fertilization. Lodging did not occur in any of the plots, irrespective of the soil type, during the 3 yr of the experiment. For the two soil types, the grain yields of oats, barley and wheat were usually higher on plots that received 27–36 t/ha of sheep manure than on plots that received inorganic fertilizer. The rates of 9 and 18 t/ha of manure resulted in grain yields significantly lower. An application on all plots of 15 kg/ha of inorganic nitrogen in the spring of 1978 has sensibly increased the grain yield. These results suggest that the fall spreading and the incorporation into the soil of 36 t/ha of sheep manure followed by an application of about 15 kg/ha of inorganic nitrogen in the spring provide a very satisfactory grain yield and do not increase the incidence of lodging and weed infestation.

Phosphorus efficiency of three cereals as related to indigenous mycorrhizal infection

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 479 ◽  
Author(s):  
JB Baon ◽  
SE Smith ◽  
AM Alston ◽  
RD Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Phosphorus Efficiency ◽  
Mycorrhizal Infection ◽  
P Efficiency ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Set Up

The influence of indigenous vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal infection on the assessment of phosphorus (P) efficiency in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Spear), barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Galleon) and rye (Secale cereale L. cv. S.A. Commercial) was studied. P efficiency was defined in terms of uptake (mg P pot-1) or utilization (g dw mg-1 P). Experiments were set up with two soils which had low concentrations of plant available P and had been used in a previous study of P efficiency in cereals. Numbers of spores and infective propagules were significantly different in the two soils. In the soil with low propagule density, the extent of mycorrhizal infection of barley, wheat and rye increased with time. Twenty days after transplanting 3-day old seedlings, there was no difference in the percentage of root length infected (2.0%), but at 40 days, wheat (22.4%) and barley (19.3%) had significantly greater percentage of infected root than had rye (10.7%). At 30 days, wheat had a significantly higher percentage of root length infected than barley. In the soil with high propagule density, infection occurred more rapidly, so that the percentage of root length of wheat and barley infected was not significantly different at the three times of harvest. However, infection of rye significantly increased with time and was higher (31.8%) than that of barley (19.8%) at the final harvest. Mycorrhizal infection was positively correlated with efficiency of P uptake in barley, but not in wheat or rye. However, efficiency in utilization of P by barley and wheat was negatively correlated with infection. The colonization of cereals by the indigenous mycorrhizal fungi decreased with the addition of P to the soils. The results of these studies indicate the potential importance of mycorrhizal infection in assessment of P efficiency in cereals.

Characterizing denitrification kinetics at cold temperature using various carbon sources in lab-scale sequencing batch reactors

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yalda Mokhayeri ◽  
Rumana Riffat ◽  
Imre Takacs ◽  
Peter Dold ◽  
Charles Bott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactors ◽  
Denitrification Kinetics ◽  
Internal Sources ◽  
Set Up

Wastewater treatment plants in the Chesapeake Bay region are becoming more interested in external carbon sources for denitrification. This is in response to the recent regulations to remediate the Chesapeake Bay, which will limit effluent total nitrogen to near 3 mg/L for plants, thus requiring near complete elimination of inorganic nitrogen species. Since sufficient internal carbon is usually not available for complete denitrification, external carbon is needed to supplement internal sources. Of particular interest is the use of an alternate external carbon source to replace the least expensive source methanol. This study focuses on three commonly available external carbon sources: methanol, ethanol and acetate. The aim of this study was to obtain the specific denitrification rate (SDNR) of the substrates under several conditions. Sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were set up to first grow biomass to the specified substrate while in situ SDNRs were conducted concurrently. Once the biomass was grown with the corresponding substrate, a series of ex situ SDNRs were performed using various biomass/substrate combinations to evaluate response to substrate combinations at 13°C. Results from this study indicate that the SDNRs for biomass grown on methanol, ethanol and acetate were 9.2 mg NO3-N/g VSS/hr, 30.4 mg NO3-N/gVSS/hr and 31.7 mg NO3-N/g VSS/hr, respectively, suggesting that acetate and ethanol were equally effective external carbon sources followed by much lower SDNR using methanol. Ethanol could be used with methanol biomass with similar rates as that of methanol. Additionally, methanol was rapidly acclimated to ethanol grown biomass suggesting that the two substrates could be interchanged to grow respective populations with a minimum lag period.

scholarly journals Biosolids Benefit Yield and Nitrogen Uptake in Winter Cereals without Excess Risk of N Leaching

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1482
Author(s):  
Silvia Pampana ◽  
Alessandro Rossi ◽  
Iduna Arduini
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Specific Rate ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Winter Cereals

Winter cereals are excellent candidates for biosolid application because their nitrogen (N) requirement is high, they are broadly cultivated, and their deep root system efficiently takes up mineral N. However, potential N leaching from BS application can occur in Mediterranean soils. A two-year study was conducted to determine how biosolids affect biomass and grain yield as well as N uptake and N leaching in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum), and oat (Avena byzantina C. Koch). Cereals were fertilized at rates of 5, 10, and 15 Mg ha−1 dry weight (called B5, B10, and B15, respectively) of biosolids (BS). Mineral-fertilized (MF) and unfertilized (C) controls were included. Overall, results highlight that BS are valuable fertilizers for winter cereals as these showed higher yields with BS as compared to control. Nevertheless, whether 5 Mg ha−1 of biosolids could replace mineral fertilization still depended on the particular cereal due to the different yield physiology of the crops. Moreover, nitrate leaching from B5 was comparable to MF, and B15 increased the risk by less than 30 N-NO3 kg ha−1. We therefore concluded that with specific rate settings, biosolid application can sustain yields of winter cereals without significant additional N leaching as compared to MF.

VARIATION IN PATHOGENICITY BETWEEN ISOLATES OF CLAVICEPS PURPUREA

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 729-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. DARLINGTON ◽  
D. E. MATHRE ◽  
R. H. JOHNSTON
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
The United States ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Claviceps Purpurea ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Weakly Virulent ◽  
Grass Hosts

Isolates of Claviceps purpurea (Fr.) Tul. originally isolated from many different grass hosts in the northern Great Plains and several other areas in the United States and England were tested for their pathogenicity to selected cultivars or lines of male-sterile wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). While there was a great range in the level of virulence, no clear-cut evidence of specific races was obtained. A few isolates were weakly virulent on two cultivars of male-sterile spring wheat but were highly virulent on the other two cultivars tested. Wheat and barley breeders are advised to use a mixture of isolates in screening germ plasm for resistance to ergot.

Significance of External Carbon Sources on Simultaneous Removal of Nutrients from Wastewater

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1047-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. F. Y. Tam ◽  
Y. S. Wong ◽  
G. Leung
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Simultaneous Removal ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
P Content ◽  
Carbon Substrates ◽  
Effective Source

Laboratory-scale studies were undertaken to examine the effects of easily-biodegradable organic substances upon the nutrient removal by a simulated sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The fill and react period of the SBR was 14 hours, including an instant fill, 7 hours aeration, 4 hours anoxic and 3 hours aeration period. Three kinds of commonly used carbon sources, namely methanol, glucose and sodium acetate, at the concentrations equivalent to theoretical COD values of 50, 100 and 150 mg O2 l-1 were added to each reactor prior to the anoxic stage. The results showed that the concentration of NH4+-N dropped from its initial 50 to 18 mg l-1 (64 % removal) during the first aeration period, with the NO3−-N content increased from 2 to 33 mg l−1. A 60% depletion of COD was also recorded in this period. Denitrification occurred during the anoxic period, higher amount of NO3−1-N was removed in the reactors supplemented with carbon substrates at the concentrations of 100 and 150 mg l-1. The final inorganic nitrogen content was less than 5 mg l-1 in the reactor supplemented with 150 mg l-1 sodium acetate. Simultaneous removal of phosphorus was reported in reactors supplied with high concentration of sodium acetate. In these reactors, large amount of P was released during the anoxic/anaerobic period but the released P was taken up by bacterial cells in the subsequent aeration stage, and the final P content was less than 1.5 mg l-1 (84 % removal was achieved). Among the three carbon sources used, sodium acetate was the most efficient and effective source in removing wastewater nutrients, followed by methanol, and glucose was the least reliable substrate.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document