Effect of Pollen Genotype, Temperature and Period of Storage on In Vitro Germinability and In Vivo Seed Set in Chrysanthemum—Preliminary Study

Among many challenges in chrysanthemum cross-breeding, the access to viable pollen for hybridization of cultivars distant in location and different in flowering time is required. Low pollen viability along with incompatibility are mainly responsible for low seed set in modern chrysanthemum cultivars. The aim of the study was to test various temperatures and periods of pollen storage of Chrysanthemum × morifolium in order to elaborate the method of chrysanthemum pollen preservation for cross-breeding purposes. In the first experiment, in vitro pollen germination of four cultivars was investigated following storage at 20 °C, 4 °C, −20 °C, and −80 °C, for one, four, and eight weeks. The second experiment focused on in vivo seed set after one week pollen treatment with 20 °C, 4 °C, −20 °C, and −80 °C (three pollen donor cultivars tested). Pollen in vitro germinability, as well as seed set efficiency, was generally low and cultivar dependent. Independent of the period of storage, stored pollen germinability was lower (5.30–6.63%) than fresh pollen (8.15%). Incubation of pollen in −80 °C significantly increased pollen germinability (9.80%), as well as seed set efficiency in comparison to control (19.28% and 10.21%, respectively) provided the cultivars are compatible. Among cultivars, the highest germinability of pollen was found in ‘Brda’ and ‘Donna’ (8.2% and 8.23%, respectively), while ‘Bydgoszczanka’ showed the lowest germinability (2.97%). There were also pollen genotype dependent effects in in vivo seed set efficiency, which was highest in ’Brda’ (17.57%) and much lower in ‘Jutrzenka’ and ‘Polka’ (1.34% and 0.39%, respectively), which contributed to the incompatibility of crossed cultivars rather than pollen viability.

Download Full-text

Three-year-old Pecan Pollen Retains Fertility

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.115.3.359 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 115 (3) ◽

pp. 359-363 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

I.E. Yates ◽

Darrell Sparks

Keyword(s):

Fruit Set ◽

Pollen Viability ◽

Storage Conditions ◽

Reliable Indicator ◽

In Vitro Germination ◽

Carya Illinoensis ◽

Pollen Storage ◽

Fresh Pollen

Stored pollen from pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch] was analyzed for in vitro germination, fertilization efficiency, final fruit set, and characteristics of mature fruits. We demonstrate pecan pollen can be stored for several years and set fruit. Pollen stored for 1, 2, and 3 years at -80C and 1 year at -196C retained the capacity for fertilization. Pollen stored at -196C was more viable than pollen stored at -80C, with no significant correlation between length of storage at -80C, as judged by fruit abortions during the second drop. Final fruit set was not affected by pollen storage conditions, except for pollen collected in a season of drought. Fruit set is a more reliable indicator of pollen viability than in vitro germination. With two minor exceptions, fruits produced with stored pollen were similar to those developing after pollination with fresh pollen.

Download Full-text

Impact of Storage Temperature on Pollen Viability and Germinability of Four Serbian Autochthon Apple Cultivars

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.709231 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Dušica Ćalić ◽

Jelena Milojević ◽

Maja Belić ◽

Rade Miletić ◽

Snežana Zdravković-Korać

Keyword(s):

Room Temperature ◽

Storage Temperature ◽

Pollen Viability ◽

Storage Period ◽

Pollen Storage ◽

Apple Cultivars ◽

Pollen Longevity ◽

Fresh Pollen ◽

Storage Temperatures

Globalization has drastically reduced the number of autochthon apple cultivars in the Serbian market and most of them have nearly disappeared; however, some of these cultivars, such as Petrovača, Budimka, Kolačara Pozna, and Kožara, have extraordinary quality, good pomological characteristics, and pest and disease resistance. The present study was conducted to develop a protocol for the storage of pollen for further use in the conservation and breeding of these cultivars. Viability and germination of the mature pollen were tested in vitro, at four storage temperatures (20, 4, −20, and −80°C), right after harvest or 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 months after storage. Differences in fresh pollen viability and germination between cultivars were statistically significant and ranged from 60 to 88% and 59 to 98%, respectively. Fresh pollen of cv. Budimka showed the highest viability and germination in comparison with other cultivars, especially cv. Kožara. Pollen viability and germination decreased over the storage period, and it was the lowest after 6 months of storage at room temperature in all tested cultivars. Storage at 4°C prolonged the pollen viability and germinability of 1–5 fold, depending on the cultivar and treatment duration; however, the pollen longevity of all cultivars was significantly extended when stored at −20 or −80°C. After 6 months, pollen of cv. Budimka stored at −20 and −80°C showed 14–15 fold higher germination rates in relation to pollen storage at room temperature for the same period. The results of the present study suggest that the pollen of these apple cultivars could be efficiently maintained at −20°C and could be further used for breeding purposes, e.g., for crossings between cultivars that flower at different times of the year.

Download Full-text

090 Pollen Viability in Inland Saltgrass

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.34.3.457a ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 457A-457

Author(s):

Scott Reid ◽

Judy Harrington ◽

Harrison Hughes

Keyword(s):

Seed Set ◽

Pollen Viability ◽

Pollen Tubes ◽

Aniline Blue ◽

Golf Courses ◽

Mine Spoils ◽

Hand Pollination ◽

Poor Seed

Distichlis spicata var. stricta (Torrey) Beetle is a native grass that tolerates salt, high pH, and some heavy metals. It has been proposed for use in several challenging environments, including mine spoils and salt-impacted areas of golf courses. But, its widespread use has been hindered by several factors, one of which is poor seed set. Because chromosome numbers are variable and some genotypes are aneuploids, there was concern that pollen viability in some genotypes was low. Pollen from several genotypes failed to germinate in vitro on four artificial media prepared with various levels of osmoticum. However, hand pollination in vivo resulted in profuse pollen germination for all genotypes tested. Germination on pollinated stigmas was observed at intervals beginning 2 h after pollination with a fluorescence microscope using aniline blue and acridine orange stains and in bright field using toluidine-O stain. Very young stigmas seemed unreceptive and, while pollen would germinate, the pollen tubes would not grow down through the style. On receptive stigmas, many pollen tubes grew down toward the egg and some reached it within 24 h. There was no evidence of impaired fertility. Aniline blue was the best method for observing pollen tube growth through the style, although toluidine-O was adequate for observing germination on the stigmatic surface.

Download Full-text

(234) Aesculus Pollen Viability and Longevity under Frozen Storage

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1020c ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 1020C-1020

Author(s):

Ann M. Chanon ◽

Pablo S. Jourdan ◽

Joseph C. Scheerens

Keyword(s):

Pollen Germination ◽

Pollen Viability ◽

Frozen Storage ◽

Storage Period ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Pollen Storage ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Wide Range ◽

Fresh Pollen

The genus Aesculus (buckeyes and/or horsechestnuts) is composed of 13 species and a number of interspecific hybrids. Pollen from 11 genotypes from five Aesculus species and the hybrid Aesculus ×carnea were used to develop an in-vitro germination test to evaluate pollen viability under various storage treatments. This test was optimized using samples of both fresh pollen and pollen that had been stored up to 1 year. The most effective medium contained 20% sucrose, 100 mg·L-1 H2BO3, 150 mg·L-1 Ca(NO3)2, and 1% agar. The highest germination percentage was observed at 15 °C across all storage treatments. Fresh pollen germinated in excess of 80% over a wide range of germination temperatures. Based on this, all specimens studied would be good pollen parents. The differences in pollen germination between storage at -20 and -80 °C were nonsignificant, but the duration of the storage period was highly significant. At 3 months, viability remained above 60% for four of the six species/hybrid tested. However, at 12 months, all pollen tested dropped below the threshold for good fruit set based on in-vitro pollen germination. Based on these observations, short-term pollen storage may permit crosses between parents with temporally separate flowering phenologies. However, conventional storage procedures are inadequate to maintain pollen collected from a male parent for crosses in subsequent growing seasons.

Download Full-text

Optimization of chromosome doubling treatment for efficient in vivo doubled haploid production in maize

Israel Journal of Plant Sciences ◽

10.1163/22238980-bja10020 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Sourbh Kumar ◽

Uttam Chandel ◽

Satish Kumar Guleria

Keyword(s):

Doubled Haploid ◽

Seed Set ◽

Chromosome Doubling ◽

Pollen Viability ◽

Haploid Inducer ◽

Haploid Production ◽

Maize Genotypes ◽

Different Doses

Abstract An investigation to optimize the protocol for application of colchicine for enhancing the doubled haploid production in maize was done. 106 maize genotypes were used as maternal parents, whereas, pollen source involved tropically adopted haploid inducer (TAIL P1 and TAIL hybrid). After the elimination of chromosomes of inducer lines, haploid seeds were obtained from the crosses. Haploid seedlings were treated with three different doses, such as 0.04, 0.06 and 0.08 per cent of colchicines for different durations (8, 12 and 15 hours). The response of various colchicine concentrations applied for different time durations revealed significant differences at P ≤ 0.05 for various parameters viz., per cent plants survivability, stalk colour, the fertility of tassel, silk present/absent, pollen viability, seed set and per cent doubled haploid formation. In maize, colchicine doses of 0.04 per cent for 12 hours and 0.06 per cent for 8 hours, respectively were established as optimum for enhanced doubled haploid production. But among these two, 0.04 per cent for 12 hours was observed to be best dose for doubled haploid production in maize.

Download Full-text

Foliar Application of Boron to Almond Trees Affects Pollen Quality

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.125.2.265 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 125 (2) ◽

pp. 265-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

A.M.S. Nyomora ◽

P.H. Brown ◽

K. Pinney ◽

V.S. Polito

Keyword(s):

Pollen Germination ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Culture Media ◽

Pollen Viability ◽

Prunus Dulcis ◽

Pollen Tubes ◽

Tube Growth ◽

Mature Trees

The effect of boron (B) on in vivo and in vitro development of almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb (syn. P. amygdalus Batsch)] pollen and pollen tubes and the resultant effect on fruit set was studied in mature trees. The cultivars Mono (pistil donor) and Butte (pollinizer) in an orchard with low soil B in Fresno, California were sprayed with B at 0, 0.8, 1.7, or 2.5 kg·ha-1 during Fall 1993. Pollen viability as indicated by the fluorescein diacetate method (FDA) was >85% and was not affected by field-applied B, however, in vivo pollen germination and tube growth were enhanced by foliar-applied B. More effect of applied B on in vivo growth appeared as pollen tubes progressed toward the ovary. For in vitro germination, foliar-applied B reduced bursting of tubes, and addition of B to the culture media significantly increased pollen germination and pollen tube growth.

Download Full-text

Ehretia pubescens Benth. with differential germinability patterns due to climate change

Annals of Plant Sciences ◽

10.21746/aps.2017.06.001 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (06) ◽

pp. 1630

Author(s):

Amalaurpava Mary Michael* ◽

Gopal G.V.

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Fruit Set ◽

Pollen Viability ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

Flowering Phenology ◽

Flowering Pattern ◽

Floral Phenology ◽

The Impact

Climate change may influence the composition of plant communities by affecting the reproduction, growth, establishment and local extinction of plant species. Predicting the effect of climate change may provide insight into the impact and relationship between weather pattern and flowering phenology in long term studies. Pollen viability is one important factor of reproduction. Pollen viability is essential for a good fruit set. The study is undertaken to evaluate the influence of temperature and rainfall fluctuation pattern on floral phenology and pollen viability in the restricted distribution of the plant Ehretia pubescens Benth. Field observation on floral phenology has revealed changes occurring in the pollen viability with the change of temperature and rainfall. The plants show drought resistant; however, it is observed that it blooms immediately after the rainfall. Change in the rainfall pattern results in change in flowering pattern. On the natural habitat fruit set is a good indicating of good germinability of pollen grain in vivo. In vitro pollen germinability is less efficient for this species as supported by the data.

Download Full-text

Technique for In Vitro Pollen Germination and Short-term Pollen Storage in Caladium

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.39.2.365 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 365-367 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Zhanao Deng ◽

Brent K. Harbaugh

Keyword(s):

Pollen Germination ◽

Large Scale ◽

Pollen Viability ◽

Storage Conditions ◽

In Vitro Germination ◽

Short Term ◽

Pollen Storage ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Sucrose Level

The sporadic nature of inflorescence production and flower protogyny in caladium (Caladium ×hortulanum Birdsey) makes it desirable to store pollen and to rapidly assess its viability for cross-pollinations in breeding programs. This study was conducted to develop a procedure to determine caladium pollen viability and to use that procedure to evaluate the effect of short-term storage conditions on pollen viability. The sucrose level in the culture medium was found to have a significant impact on the in vitro germination of caladium pollen; a concentration of 6.8% was determined to be optimal for pollen germination. Caladium pollen lost viability within 1 day under room (24 °C) or freezing (-20 °C) temperatures, but could be stored at 4 °C for 2 to 4 days. Pollen stored at 4 °C produced successful pollinations. Data obtained from large-scale greenhouse pollinations supported use of this in vitro germination assay as a convenient way to evaluate caladium pollen viability (and fertility).

Download Full-text

492 Storage of Abelia R. Br. Pollen

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.34.3.530a ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 530A-530

Author(s):

S.M. Scheiber ◽

C.D. Robacker ◽

M.A. Dirr

Keyword(s):

Plant Material ◽

Cold Hardiness ◽

Pollen Viability ◽

Pollen Storage ◽

Limited Access ◽

Long Term Storage ◽

Temperature And Humidity ◽

Term Storage

The genus Abelia contains ≈30 species, but A. × grandiflora, its cultivars, and A. `Edward Goucher' are the primary taxa grown. The nursery industry has stated that Abelia R. Br. taxa are important economically, and new selections or cultivars with increased cold hardiness, richer pink-rose flower colors, unique foliage colors, and compact habits are desired. Breeding and selection work in the genus is very limited due in part to limited access to germplasm. Pollen storage enables breeders to cross taxa with incongruent flowering cycles, save time and resources by eliminating the need to grow vast amounts of plant material, and incorporate otherwise unavailable germplasm into a breeding program. An experiment was conducted to determine the optimum levels of temperature and humidity for the long-term storage of A. chinensis and A. × grandiflora `Golden Glow' pollen. Temperature and humidity levels were analyzed by incubating undesiccated pollen of a given taxon at four humidity levels (0%, 50%, 80%, and 100%) for 72 h at 5 °C. Following incubation, the pollen was stored in glass vials at each of the following temperatures: 5, -20, and -70 °C. All combinations of temperature and humidity were tested. Pollen viability was assessed after 60 days by in vivo germination tests on styles. Abelia chinensis pollen germinated following storage at all temperature and humidity levels. Pollen of A. × grandiflora `Golden Glow' pollen germinated following all treatments except storage at -20 °C.

Download Full-text

Investigations of suitable pollinator for 0900 Ziraat sweet cherry cv.: pollen performance tests, germination tests, germination procedures, in vitro and in vivo pollinations

Horticultural Science ◽

10.17221/1851-hortsci ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 34 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 47-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

F. Tosun ◽

F. Koyuncu

Keyword(s):

Pollen Tube ◽

Pollen Germination ◽

Sweet Cherry ◽

Fruit Set ◽

Pollen Viability ◽

Performance Tests ◽

Pollen Performance ◽

Growth Experiments

The objective of this study was to determine suitable cultivars to be used as pollinators for 0900 Ziraat. 0900 Ziraat was used as a female cultivar; Bigarreu Gaucher, Bing, Noble, Starks Gold, Stella, Van, and Vista were used for pollination in the experiments. Starks Gold had the highest values in terms of anther number, average number of pollens per anther, number of pollen per flower and the morphological homogeneity. The pollen viability rates showed significant differences according to stain tests. <i>In vitro</i> pollen germination in 0.5% agar + 15% sucrose + 5 ppm boric acid medium increased with increasing incubation period, and the highest germination was obtained after 48 hours for all cultivars. In orchard trials parallel to pollen tube growth experiments in the laboratory, 0900 Ziraat × Starks Gold combination gave the best fruit set results.

Download Full-text