scholarly journals Estimation of Stagnosol Hydraulic Properties and Water Flow Using Uni- and Bimodal Porosity Models in Erosion-Affected Hillslope Vineyard Soils

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Vilim Filipović ◽  
Jasmina Defterdarović ◽  
Vedran Krevh ◽  
Lana Filipović ◽  
Gabrijel Ondrašek ◽  
...  

Erosion has been reported as one of the top degradation processes that negatively affect agricultural soils. The study objective was to identify hydropedological factors controlling soil water dynamics in erosion-affected hillslope vineyard soils. The hydropedological study was conducted at identically-managed Jastrebarsko (location I), and Jazbina (II) and (III) sites with Stagnosol soils. Soil Hydraulic Properties (SHP) were estimated on intact soil cores using Evaporation and WP4C methods; soil hydraulic functions were fitted using HYPROP-FIT software. For Apg and Bg/Btg horizons, uni- and bimodal soil hydraulic models could be well fitted to data; although, the bimodal model performed better in particular cases where data indicated non-uniform pore size distribution. With these SHP estimations, a one-year (2020) water flow scenario was simulated using HYDRUS-1D to compare water balance results obtained with uni- and bimodal hydraulic functions. Simulation results revealed relatively similar flux distribution at each hillslope position between the water balance components infiltration, surface runoff, and drainage. However, at the bottom profile at Jastrebarsko, bimodality of the hydraulic functions led to increased drainage. Soil water storage was reduced, and the vertical movement increased due to modified soil water retention curve shapes. Adequate parameterization of SHP is required to capture the hydropedological response of heterogenous erosion-affected soil systems.

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-386
Author(s):  
Hongjie Guan ◽  
Xinyu Liu

Abstract The presence of biocrusts changes water infiltration in the Mu Us Desert. Knowledge of the hydraulic properties of biocrusts and parameterization of soil hydraulic properties are important to improve simulation of infiltration and soil water dynamics in vegetation-soil-water models. In this study, four treatments, including bare land with sporadic cyanobacterial biocrusts (BL), lichen-dominated biocrusts (LB), early-successional moss biocrusts (EMB), and late-successional moss biocrusts (LMB), were established to evaluate the effects of biocrust development on soil water infiltration in the Mu Us Desert, northwest of China. Moreover, a combined Wooding inverse approach was used for the estimation of soil hydraulic parameters. The results showed that infiltration rate followed the pattern BL > LB > EMB > LMB. Moreover, the LB, EMB, and LMB treatments had significantly lower infiltration rates than the BL treatment. The saturated soil moisture (θs ) and shape parameter (α VG) for the EMB and LMB treatments were higher than that for the BL and LB treatments, although the difference among four treatments was insignificant. Water retention increased with biocrust development at high-pressure heads, whereas the opposite was observed at low-pressure heads. The development of biocrusts influences van Genuchten parameters, subsequently affects the water retention curve, and thereby alters available water in the biocrust layer. The findings regarding the parameterization of soil hydraulic properties have important implications for the simulation of eco-hydrological processes in dryland ecosystems.


2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bayer ◽  
H.-J. Vogel ◽  
K. Roth

Abstract. X-ray absorption measurements have been explored as a fast experimental approach to determine soil hydraulic properties and to study rapid dynamic processes. As examples, the pressure-saturation relation θ(Ψ) for a uniform sand column has been considered as has capillary rise in an initially dry sintered glass column. The θ(Ψ)-relation is in reasonable agreement with that obtained by inverting a traditional multi-step outflow experiment. Monitoring the initial phase of capillary rise reveals behaviour that deviates qualitatively from the single-phase, local-equilibrium regime described by Richards’ equation. Keywords: X-ray absorption, soil hydraulic properties, soil water dynamics, Richards’ equation


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana R. Oliveira ◽  
Ana Horta ◽  
Tiago Ramos

<p>Modelling of soil physical, chemical, and biological processes is critical to improve the understanding of soil functions, the effect of agricultural practices on soil degradation, and appropriate soil management strategies. However, the use of such tools at the regional scale is largely limited by the lack of accurate mapping of soil texture and soil hydraulic properties (SHP). To overcome this limitation, SHP digital maps were obtained using two modelling approaches. One used a national harmonized soil texture database and geostatistical simulation to create soil texture maps which were further used as input data to derive SHP maps using local pedotransfer functions (PTFs). The other approach used SHP maps produced by Tóth et al (2017) using soil texture from the product SoilsGrids (Hengl et al, 2017). The SHP maps from both approaches were produced at two spatial resolutions: 250 m and 1000 m. This study aims to evaluate the usefulness of such SHP maps to simulate soil water dynamics and biomass growth at the regional scale using the MOHID-Land model. This model describes the movement of water in the porous medium based on mass and momentum conservation equations that are computed in a 3D grid domain using a finite volume approach. Crop development is simulated using a modified version of the EPIC model. The SHP maps produced using the two modelling approaches and considering two spatial resolutions (250 and 1000 m) were used as inputs for the hydraulic characteristics of soils. Simulations were compared for an irrigation area (Roxo Irrigation District), located in southern Portugal. Results revealed the differences in the components of the soil water balance, with soil inputs from local data being able to better portray landscape heterogeneity.</p>


Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 622-636
Author(s):  
Marta Rodrigues da Rocha ◽  
Reimar Carlesso ◽  
Mirta Teresinha Petry ◽  
Laudenir Juciê Basso ◽  
Sônia Thais Menegaz

DINÂMICA DA ÁGUA NOS RESÍDUOS CULTURAIS EM UM SISTEMA IRRIGADO     MARTA RODRIGUES DA ROCHA1; REIMAR CARLESSO2; MIRTA TERESINHA PETRY3; LAUDENIR JUCIÊ BASSO4 E SÔNIA THAIS MENEGAZ5   1Doutora em Engenharia Agrícola, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola (PPGEA), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, n°1000 – Camobi, Santa Maria/ RS/ Brasil, CEP: 97105-900, [email protected]; 2Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Av. Roraima, n°1000 – Camobi, Santa Maria/ RS/ Brasil, CEP: 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS. [email protected]; 3 Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Av. Roraima, n°1000 – Camobi, Santa Maria/ RS/ Brasil, CEP: 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, UFSM, [email protected];  4Mestrando do PPGEA, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, n°1000 – Camobi, Santa Maria/ RS/ Brasil, CEP: 97105-900, [email protected];  5Mestranda em Ciência do Solo e Qualidade da Água, Universidade de Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, Saint Paul/ Minnesota/ EUA, [email protected].     1 RESUMO   A redução da evaporação e maior conservação de água no solo são apontados como as vantagens da manutenção dos resíduos na superfície do solo, no Sistema Plantio Direto. Quantificar com acurácia a água conservada no solo é necessário, uma vez que, os efeitos benéficos são controversos. Por outro lado, uma intensa camada de resíduos pode reter grande parte da água de irrigação ou da chuva quando as lâminas forem pequenas, além de dificultar as operações de semeadura. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi quantificar a interceptação de água de irrigação pelos resíduos culturais e o seu efeito nos componentes do balanço hídrico do solo. Para tanto, foi conduzido um experimento na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, durante 60 dias, nos anos de 2013 e 2014, sob uma cobertura móvel, em parcelas de 9 m2. Utilizou-se um delineamento bi-fatorial, com três repetições, onde o fator A foi constituído de três níveis de cobertura do solo: 0; 2 e 4 t ha-1 de resíduos de aveia preta. O fator B foi constituído de três lâminas de irrigação (menor, intermediária e maior). Após cada evento de irrigação, uma amostra de 0,09 m2 de resíduos vegetais era coletada e pesada, em intervalos de 0; 3; 6 e 24 horas após a irrigação, a fim de medir a água retida pelos resíduos. O conteúdo de água no solo foi monitorado em cada unidade experimental, até a profundidade de 85 cm, utilizando-se um conjunto de sensores FDR (Reflectometria de domínio de frequência). O balanço hídrico do solo foi determinado pela relação entre a lâmina aplicada, subtraída da lâmina infiltrada, a água retida pelo resíduo vegetal e da lâmina evaporada, após cada evento de irrigação. O uso de cobertura sobre o solo é uma maneira eficiente para reduzir a Es, entretanto a água interceptada pelos resíduos vegetais é evaporada, e esta perda deve ser considerada, especialmente quando se trata de pequenas e frequentes lâminas de irrigação por aspersão.   Palavras-chave: Balanço Hídrico do Solo, Evaporação, Interceptação.     ROCHA, M. R.; CARLESSO, R.; PETRY, M. T.; BASSO, L. J.; MENEGAZ, S. T. WATER DYNAMICS IN AN IRRIGATED SYSTEM’S CROP RESIDUES 2 ABSTRACT   Accurately quantifying soil water storage is necessary, since the beneficial effects of a thick mulch layer are controversial. Nevertheless, an intense layer of mulch can retain much of the small irrigation depths or precipitation, as well as hamper sowing operations. The intent of this paper is to quantify  water interception by crop residues and the effect in the water balance components in the soil. The experiment was conducted in the Federal University of Santa Maria, during 60 days, in 2013 and 2014, under rainout shelter, in 9 m2 plots. Bi- factorial delineation was used, with three repetitions, where factor A was constituted of three levels of soil mulching: 0; 2 and 4 t ha-1 of dry black oat residues. Factor B was constituted of three irrigation depths. After every irrigation event, a sample of 0.09 m² of crop residues was collected and weighted, in a time interval of 0; 3; 6 and 24 hours after irrigation, in order to measure the residues retained water. Soil water content was monitored in each experimental unit, to the depth of 85 cm, using a set of FDR sensors (Frequency domain reflectometers). The soil water balance was determined by the relation between irrigation depth applied, subtracted from the infiltrated irrigation depth, the water retained by the residues and the evaporated irrigation depth, after every irrigation event.   Keywords: Water balance, Evaporated, Interception.


Soil Research ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Connolly ◽  
M. Bell ◽  
N. Huth ◽  
D. M. Freebairn ◽  
G. Thomas

We test APSIM-SWIM's ability to simulate infiltration and interactions between the soil water balance and grain crop growth using soil hydraulic properties derived from independent, point measurements. APSIMSWIM is a continuous soil-crop model that simulates infiltration, surface crusting, and soil condition in more detail than most other soil-crop models. Runoff, soil water, and crop growth information measured at sites in southern Queensland was used to test the model. Parameter values were derived directly from soil hydraulic properties measured using rainfall simulators, disc permeameters and ponded rings, and pressure plate apparatus. In general, APSIM-SWIM simulated infiltration, runoff, soil water and the water balance, and yield as accurately and reliably as other soil crop models, indicating the model is suitable for evaluating effects of infiltration and soil-water relations on crop growth. Increased model detail did not hinder application, instead improving parameter transferability and utility, but improved methods of characterising crusting, soil hydraulic conductivity, and macroporosity under field conditions would improve ease of application, prediction accuracy, and reliability of the model. Model utility and accuracy would benefit from improved representation of temporal variation in soil condition, including effects of tillage and consolidation on soil condition and bypass flow in cracks. infiltration, crop models, APSIM, water balance, soil structure.


2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Wegehenkel ◽  
Horst H. Gerke

Abstract Weighing lysimeters can be used for studying the soil water balance and to analyse evapotranspiration (ET). However, not clear was the impact of the bottom boundary condition on lysimeter results and soil water movement. The objective was to analyse bottom boundary effects on the soil water balance. This analysis was carried out for lysimeters filled with fine- and coarse-textured soil monoliths by comparing simulated and measured data for lysimeters with a higher and a lower water table. The eight weighable lysimeters had a 1 m2 grass-covered surface and a depth of 1.5 m. The lysimeters contained four intact monoliths extracted from a sandy soil and four from a soil with a silty-clay texture. For two lysimeters of each soil, constant water tables were imposed at 135 cm and 210 cm depths. Evapotranspiration, change in soil water storage, and groundwater recharge were simulated for a 3-year period (1996 to 1998) using the Hydrus-1D software. Input data consisted of measured weather data and crop model-based simulated evaporation and transpiration. Snow cover and heat transport were simulated based on measured soil temperatures. Soil hydraulic parameter sets were estimated (i) from soil core data and (ii) based on texture data using ROSETTA pedotransfer approach. Simulated and measured outflow rates from the sandy soil matched for both parameter sets. For the sand lysimeters with the higher water table, only fast peak flow events observed on May 4, 1996 were not simulated adequately mainly because of differences between simulated and measured soil water storage caused by ET-induced soil water storage depletion. For the silty-clay soil, the simulations using the soil hydraulic parameters from retention data (i) were matching the lysimeter data except for the observed peak flows on May, 4, 1996, which here probably resulted from preferential flow. The higher water table at the lysimeter bottom resulted in higher drainage in comparison with the lysimeters with the lower water table. This increase was smaller for the finer-textured soil as compared to the coarser soil.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Hangele ◽  
Katharina Luise Müller ◽  
Hannes Laermanns ◽  
Christina Bogner

<p>The need to study the occurrence and effects of microplastic (MP) in different ecosystems has become apparent by a variety of studies in the past years. Until recently, research regarding MP in the environment has mainly focused on marine systems. Within terrestrial systems, studies suggest soils to be the biggest sink for MP. Some studies now started to explore the presence of MP in soils. However, there is a substantial lack of the basic mechanistic understanding of the behaviour of MP particles within soils.</p><p>This study investigates how the presence of MP in soils affects their hydraulic properties. In order to understand these processes, experiments are set up under controlled laboratory conditions as to set unknown influencing variables to a minimum. Different substrates, from simple sands to undisturbed soils, are investigated in soil cylinders. MP particles of different sizes and forms of the most common plastic types are applied to the surface of the soil cylinders and undergo an irrigation for the MP particles to infiltrate. Soil-water retention curves and soil hydraulic conductivity are measured before and after the application of MP particles. It is hypothesised that the infiltrated MP particles clog a part of the pore space and should thus reduce soil hydraulic conductivity and change the soil-water retention curve of the sample. Knowledge about the influence of MP on soil hydraulic properties are crucial to understand transport and retention of MP in soils.</p>


2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 2155-2199 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Scharnagl ◽  
S. C. Iden ◽  
W. Durner ◽  
H. Vereecken ◽  
M. Herbst

Abstract. Inverse modelling of in situ soil water dynamics is a powerful tool to test process understanding and determine soil hydraulic properties at the scale of interest. The observations of soil water state variables are typically evaluated using the ordinary least squares approach. However, the underlying assumptions of this classical statistical approach of independent, homoscedastic, and Gaussian distributed residuals are rarely tested in practice. In this case study, we estimated the soil hydraulic properties of a homogeneous, bare soil profile from field observations of soil water contents. We used a formal Bayesian approach to estimate the posterior distribution of the parameters in the van Genuchten–Mualem (VGM) model of the soil hydraulic properties. Three likelihood models that differ with respect to assumptions about the statistical features of the time series of residuals were used. Our results show that the assumptions of the ordinary least squares did not hold, because the residuals were strongly autocorrelated, heteroscedastic and non-Gaussian distributed. From a statistical point of view, the parameter estimates obtained with this classical statistical approach are therefore invalid. Since a test of the classic first-order autoregressive (AR(1)) model led to strongly biased model predictions, we introduced an modified AR(1) model which eliminates this critical deficit of the classic AR(1) scheme. The resulting improved likelihood model, which additionally accounts for heteroscedasticity and nonnormality, lead to a correct statistical characterization of the residuals and thus outperformed the other two likelihood models. We consider the corresponding parameter estimates as statistically correct and showed that they differ systematically from those obtained under ordinary least squares assumptions. Moreover, the uncertainty in the parameter estimates was increased by accounting for autocorrelation in the observations. Our results suggest that formal Bayesian inference using a likelihood model that correctly formalizes the statistical properties of the residuals may also prove useful in other inverse modelling applications in soil hydrology.


2009 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 572-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liwang Ma ◽  
Gerrit Hoogenboom ◽  
S. A. Saseendran ◽  
P. N. S. Bartling ◽  
Lajpat R. Ahuja ◽  
...  

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