scholarly journals Productivity of Rainfed Winter Wheat with Direct Sowing and Economic Efficiency of Diversified Fertilization in Arid Region of South Kazakhstan

Agronomy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Sagadat Turebayeva ◽  
Aigul Zhapparova ◽  
Akbota Yerkin ◽  
Khaiyrnisa Aisakulova ◽  
Gainiya Yesseyeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
No Till ◽  
Powerful Means ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Plant Growth Stimulants ◽  
First Time ◽  
Direct Sowing ◽  
Micronutrient Fertilizer

Reduced soil tillage is a powerful means to mitigate soil degradation. However, in arid climates, no-till rainfed technologies often result in yield drop due to lack of soil moisture and mineral nutrition. Rainfed production of winter wheat using direct sowing and diversified fertilization in South Kazakhstan was studied in 2019–2020. Eight field-scale treatments using nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers were studied for biometric parameters of winter wheat. An economic profitability of the amendments used was assessed. The soil managed to accumulate productive moisture to support plants’ needs during formation of productive organs. Use of phosphorus fertilizer at direct sowing accelerated grain maturation, and the combination of phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizer lengthened the growing season. The highest production cost of 1 tonne of grain was in the plots that did not receive any amendments, and the lowest cost was in the treatment with use of plant growth stimulants together with micronutrient fertilizer. For the first time, optimization of the soil nutritional regime with consideration of the biological and phenological demands allowed for the balance of the plant nutrition and cost efficiency of grain production with direct sowing of winter wheat in dry conditions in South Kazakhstan.

scholarly journals Evaluation of reduced tillage technologies in corn production based on soil and crop analyses

2001 ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Attila Megyes ◽  
Tamás Rátonyi ◽  
János Nagy ◽  
Márta Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
No Till ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Direct Sowing ◽  
Tillage Methods

Despite new cultivation methods, the proportion of conventionally cultivated land is still very high in Hungary.Although these technologies demand more time, labour and fuel, they are still attractive to users because they require less professional skill and simple machinery. In Hungary, conventional tillage methods usually lead to soil deterioration, soil compaction and a decrease in organic content. These side effects have caused gradually strengthening economic and environmental problems.The technologies for those plants which are dominant on Hungarian arable lands use (winter wheat, maize, sunflower and barley) need to be improved both in the interest of environmental protection and the reduction of cultivation costs.The Department of Land Use at Debrecen University is cooperating with KITE Sc. to carry out soil tillage  experiments at two pilot locations to prove tillage technologies already used in the USA.The aim of our examination is to adapt new technological developments and machinery, and to improve them on Hungarian soil for local environmental conditions. With these improved machines, the field growing of plants could be executed by less manipulation and better suited to economic and environmental needs. The most significant task is to investigate and improve the conventional cultivation replacing, new soil-protecting tillage technologies, and to apply no-till and mulch tillage systems.On the basis of the experiments’ survey data, we established that the looseness and moisture content of the soil using reduced tillage is more favourable than after using conventional technologies. The results of no-till and shallow spring tillage are behind those of winter plough or disk ripper cultivation in corn yield and production elements.To preserve moisture content in the soil, the ground clearing and sowing while simultaneously performing no-till method presents the most favourable results. The surplus moisture gained using no-till technology is equal to 40 mm precipitation.Regarding the yield of winter wheat we established that the tillage methods do not affect plant yield. Both disk ripper and conventional disc cultivation showed nearly the same harvest results (5.55 or 5.5 t/ha), where the difference is statistically hardly verifiable from the no-till method. From the individual production of corn and the number of plants planted in unit area,  calculated results prove that no significant difference can be detected between the production of winter plough and disk ripper technology. Although the yield achieved with the no-till method is less than with the previously mentioned technologies, the difference is only 9-10%. We received the lowest production at shallow spring tillage.Evaluations have shown a 1.1 t/ha (13%) difference in the yield of maize, between winter tillage and the disk ripper method, in this case the traditional method resulted in higher yield. In winter tillage, the yield of maize was 1.9-2.1 t/ha (23-25%) higher than in the case of direct sowing and cultivator treatments. No significant difference could be noted between the yields of direct sowing and cultivator treatments.Our research so far has proved the industrial application of reduced tillage methods in crop cultivation technologies.

scholarly journals Weed Flora and Soil Seed Bank Composition as Affected by Tillage System in Three-Year Crop Rotation

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Feledyn-Szewczyk ◽  
Janusz Smagacz ◽  
Cezary A. Kwiatkowski ◽  
Elżbieta Harasim ◽  
Andrzej Woźniak
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Agricultural Science ◽  
No Till ◽  
Weed Flora ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Direct Sowing

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest around agricultural science and practice in conservation tillage systems that are compatible with sustainable agriculture. The aim of this study was to assess the qualitative and quantitative changes in weed flora and soil seed bank under reduced tillage and no-till (direct sowing) in comparison with traditional ploughing. In the crop rotation: pea/rape—winter wheat—winter wheat the number and dry weight of weeds increased with the simplification of tillage. The seed bank was the largest under direct sowing and about three times smaller in traditional ploughing. Under direct sowing, most weed seeds were accumulated in the top soil layer 0–5 cm, while in the ploughing system most weed seeds occurred in deeper layers: 5–10 and 10–20 cm. In the reduced and no-till systems, a greater percentage of perennial and invasive species, such as Conyza canadensis L., was observed. The results show that it is possible to maintain weed infestation in the no-till system at a level that does not significantly affect winter wheat yield and does not pose a threat of perennial and invasive weeds when effective herbicide protection is applied.

scholarly journals YIELD AND QUALITY OF WINTER WHEAT GRAIN ON THE BACKGROUND OF FERTILIZERS AND DIRECT SOWING ON ORDINARY CHERNOZEM UNDER STAVROPOL CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (24) ◽  
pp. 183-194
Author(s):  
N.N. Shapovalova ◽  
◽  
A.A. Voropaeva ◽  
N.A. Galushko ◽  
E.A. Menkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Preceding Crop ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
No Till ◽  
Direct Sowing

The problem of reducing crop yields during the transition from classical technology of cultivation to the technology without tillage (no-till) can be solved by the most effective use of fertilizers. The purpose of the research was to study the influence of mineral fertilizers on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain under direct sowing in the Stavropol Territory. Studies were carried out in 2015-2019 on the experimental field of the North Caucasus Federal Agricultural Research Centre. Winter wheat was sown using two cultivation techniques for growing crops with and without disturbing the soil through tillage. Preceding crops – pea and sunflower. Fertilizers were added to the rows simultaneously with the Triticum vulgare L. sowing; topsoil dressing was carried out using N52 according to the method of splitting dividers. Options (amount of fertilizers added to the rows): 1. Without fertilizers; 2. N6Р26; 3. N12Р52; 4. N24Р104; 5. N52Р52; 6. N52Р52К52; 7. N52; 8. N104Р52К52. In the third year of direct sowing (2017–2019), winter wheat showed high responsiveness to the addition of all doses of fertilizers in rows. The yield increase in case of pea being preceding crop varied between 0.76-3.06 t/ha; sunflower – 0.51–2.75 t/ha. N104P52K5 contributed to the highest and most stable yield – 6.89 t/ha and 5.92 t/ha after pea and sunflower, respectively. The increase from 1 kg of the active substance of the fertilizer was 14.7 and 13.2 kg of grain. The use of this dose of fertilizer minimized crop losses compared to the first year of wheat cultivation using no-till farming and classical agricultural technique. At the same time, the 3rd and 4th class grain was formed. Higher content of raw gluten compared to other doses of fertilizers was noted likewise: 1.6–9.8 % (preceding crop – pea) and 1.1–11.5 % (preceding crop – sunflower) more. Nitrogen fertilization played a significant role in increasing yields only after sunflower (the average increase was 0.21–0.86 t/ha).

scholarly journals Evalution of the healthiness of winter wheat cultivated in conventional tillage, direct sowing and direct sowing with underplant crop of white clover

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Moszczyńska ◽  
Elżbieta Pląskowska
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Direct Sowing

Research of the healthiness of winter wheat depending on the soil tillage system and rate of nitrogen fertilization were carried out in 1998-2001. The largest threat to the healthiness of plants was tan spot, which was caused by <i>Pyrenophora tritici</i>-<i>repentis</i>, especially in cropping season 1999/2000. The soil tillage system diversified the intensification of occurence of this pathogen, only in two last years of research. The most infected by <i>P. tritici</i>-i was wheat, which was cultivated in the direct sowing. Application of underplant crop of white clover in the direct sowing contributed to the improvement of the plants healthiness. The highest rate of nitrogen fertilization (120 kg N.ha<sup>-1</sup>) in the highest degree favoured the damage of wheat by <i>P. tritici</i>-<i>repentis</i>, but only in two first years of research. The second pathogen <i>Blumeria graminis</i>, which caused powdery mildew of cereals, occured in small amount and didn't have any influence on the healthiness of winter wheat.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF SOIL TILLAGE AND SOWING TECHNOLOGIES ON WINTER WHEAT

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Dainis Lapiņš ◽  
Andris Bērziņš ◽  
Zinta Gaile ◽  
Jeļena Koroļova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Direct Sowing

The influence of soil tillage and sowing technologies on the yield of winter wheat were studied on sod podzolic loam soils in the LUA Research and Study Farm “Vecauce” during 1998 to 2000. Classic early ploughing, late ploughing with soil pacomat and sowing without soil reversing were used as comparison variants o f soil tillage for winter wheat. The using of soil pacomat and local mineral fertilizing increased the yield o f winter wheat in the research conditions. Direct sowing and conservation soil tillage gave a decrease o f grain cost and provide the same level o f yield achieved with classic soil tillage and sowing technologies.

scholarly journals The effect of agronomic measures on grain yield of winter wheat in drier conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Petr Vrtílek ◽  
Vladimír Smutný ◽  
Tamara Dryšlová ◽  
Lubomír Neudert ◽  
Jan Křen
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Loam Soil

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a year of cultivation and three agronomic measures (pre-crop, soil tillage, application of fungicides) on the yield of winter wheat grown in the crop rotation without the livestock production. The results from the years 2011–2017, except for the year 2012, from the Žabčice Field Experimental Station (49°01'20''N, 16°37'55''E) were evaluated. The soil texture is clay loam soil and the soil type is fluvisol. In the field trial, winter wheat was grown after two pre-crops (winter wheat, pea). Two soil tillage technologies, namely the conventional tillage – CT (ploughing – at a depth of 24 cm) and the minimum tillage – MT (shallow loosening – at a depth of 15 cm) were used. Two fungicide treatments against leaf and spikelet diseases were used, and they were compared to the non-treated variants. The obtained results showed that the grain yield of winter wheat was statistically influenced not only by a year of cultivation, but also by the pre-crop, the application of fungicides, and mostly by the interaction of these factors with the soil tillage. The importance of pea as a suitable pre-crop for winter wheat was confirmed as the grain yield was higher compared to winter wheat as a pre-crop by an average of 0.49 t/ha. It was also found that the MT is a more appropriate technology than the CT, on average by 0.12 t/ha over the six years. The importance of fungicide treatment was also confirmed, where the grain yield of winter wheat was higher by 0.26 t/ha compared to the non-treated variant. The presented results brought a new knowledge for winter wheat management practice in dry conditions.

CHEMICAL DIFFERENCES IN DARK BROWN CHERNOZEMIC Ap HORIZONS UNDER VARIOUS CONSERVATION TILLAGE SYSTEMS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. DORMAAR ◽  
C. W. LINDWALL
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
No Till ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Chemical Fallow ◽  
Extractable Organic Matter

The Ap horizons of two conservation tillage studies on Dark Brown Chernozemic soils in southern Alberta were sampled in 1986 following the fallow year. The first study, started in 1967, consisted of a wheat-fallow rotation under either no-till chemical fallow, blade-cultivate, or chemical fallow + blade-cultivate management. The second study, started in 1977, consisted of continuous winter wheat, winter wheat-barley-fallow, and winter wheat-fallow rotations under either no-till or conventional tillage management. Nine years of no-till continuous wheat and 19 yr of no-till in a wheat-fallow rotation both led to 40% of the dry aggregates being > 0.84 mm in diameter. The parameters selected helped to characterize differences in organic matter between soil tillage systems. Dehydrogenase and phosphatase activities were twice as high under no-till as under the blade-cultivate treatment. No-till also led to the largest monosaccharide accumulation in the soil. Carbohydrates, solvent-extractable organic matter, and chitin N were significantly higher in the > 0.84 mm diameter dry aggregates from the no-till treatment. The monosaccarides under the blade-cultivate regime were generally of microbial origin whereas those under the no-till regime were generally of plant origin. Key words: Water-stable aggregates, dry aggregates, enzyme activities, organic carbon, monosaccharides, fallow

scholarly journals Cultivation of agricultural crops using direct seeding technology in the extremely arid zone of the Stavropol Territory

2020 ◽  
Vol 200 (9) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Viktor Dridiger ◽  
R. Gadzhiumarov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Direct Sowing ◽  
Production Conditions

Abstract. Of the 245.7 thousand hectares cultivated in the Stavropol Territory using direct sowing technology, 66.5 % are in the arid zone, while this technology is not used in the extremely arid zone. The purpose of the work is to establish the possibility and effectiveness of cultivating crops without tillage in the extremely arid zone of the Stavropol Territory. Methods. In field trials conducted under the production conditions of Oktyab’rskiy CJSC of the Levokumskiy District, the objects of research were spring crops (peas, oil flax, sunflower), which were cultivated using direct sowing technology. After their harvesting, the soil was not cultivated and winter wheat was sown. As a control in direct sowing technology, there was pure chemical steam in which no soil was cultivated and weeds were controlled by the chemical method. The second control was pure early steam, in which weeds were combated by cultivating the soil according to the technology recommended by scientific institutions in the region Results. It was found that in abnormally dry conditions during the experiments, precipitation in winter and during the growing season provides an economically significant yield of spring crops with a profitability of production of peas 27.8 %, oilseed flax 37.9 and sunflower 47.8 %. The yield of winter wheat for these predecessors was 23.4, respectively; 19.5 and 21.5 c/ha; for pure and chemical steam, 28.0 and 28.5 c/ha were obtained. In total, over 2 years, the most cost-effective was sowing winter wheat after sunflower, where the highest profitability of production was achieved – 61.4 %, in the crop rotation link, where peas and oilseed flax were the predecessors of winter wheat, it amounted to 58.2 and 49.6 %. The lowest profitability of winter wheat cultivation in pure and chemical pairs is 47.7 and 48.4 %.

The study results of the farming system of direct sowing (no-till) when growing winter wheat in the Central Steppe of the Crimea

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
К. G. Zhenchenko ◽  
E. N. Turin ◽  
A. A. Gongalo
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
No Till ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Control Variant ◽  
Direct Sowing

Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a valuable grain crop. The purpose of the current study was to assess the effect of the direct sowing system (no-till, technology without tillage), in comparison with the one recommended for the zone of the Central Steppe of the Crimea, on the agrophysical characteristics of the soil, weed infestation of the plots and winter wheat productivity. The trial was laid in 2015, the study began to be carried out in 2017. In the trials there was studied the winter wheat variety ‘Asket'. The soil of the experimental plot was southern blackearth (chernozem) with 2.0-2.1% of humus, with 2.0-2.7 mg of labile phosphorus per 100 g of soil and 25-30 mg of exchangeable potassium per 100 g of soil. The total area of the plot was 300 m2, the accounting area was 50 m2 with threefold repetition. The average annual air temperature was 10.4 °С, the average annual precipitation was 428 mm. Mathematical processing was carried out according to the Dospekhov's method. The direct sowing in 2017-2019 contributed to the accumulation of available moisture in the soil when growing winter wheat. During the autumn-winter period, there were accumulated 46 mm, which was two times more than in the control variant. The direct sowing did not affect the weed species' composition. Their number in the variants with no-tillage increased by 6.1 pcs/m2. The soil density when sowing in the 0-30 cm layer was at the same level in terms of technologies. During the renewal of the spring vegetation there was soil softening and, on average, over the layers, this parameter was at the level of optimal values. The number of agronomically valuable aggregates was on 2.5% higher with direct sowing than in the control variant. The structural coefficient in the control variant was 2.7, and with no-till it was 3.2. The productivity in the control variant was 3.86 t/ha, and in the direct sowing it was 3.30 t/ha, which was on 0.56 t/ha (14.5%) more in the control variant than in the studied variant.

scholarly journals Influence of methods and rates of fertilizer application on winter wheat productivity by direct seeding on ordinary chernozem

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. N. Shapovalova ◽  
◽  
A. A. Voropaeva ◽  
Ye. I. Godunova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
No Till ◽  
Direct Sowing ◽  
Methods Of Application

Purpose: to study the influence of methods and rates of mineral fertilizers on the winter wheat yield and grain quality by direct sowing on corn on ordinary chernozem under conditions of unstable moisture in Stavropol Territory. Materials and methods. The studies were carried out in 2014–2019 in a three-factor experiment in the fields of the North Caucasus Federal Scientific Agrarian Center. We studied the effect of pre-sowing fertilization and nitrogen fertilization (N52) on wheat productivity with two tillage technologies: with the recommended tillage system and with direct sowing (No-Till). Pre-sowing fertilization options: 1) without fertilizers; 2) N6P26; 3) N12P52; 4) N24P104; 5) N52P52; 6) N52P52K52; 7) N52; 8) N104P52K52. Results. Direct sowing had an advantage over the recommended technology in the reserves of productive moisture in the soil layer of 0–100 cm during the sowing period. In the No-Till technology, the average yield increase from pre-sowing fertilizer was within 0.78–3.02 t/ha (28–109 %), from nitrogen fertilization it was 0.55–1.85 t/ha (15–48 %) and when both methods of application are combined – 1.47–4.02 t/ha (53–145 %). The highest and most stable increments over the years (3.07–4.56 t/ha, or 101–219 % to the control) were obtained when using the maximum rate of pre-sowing fertilizer with nitrogen fertilization – N104P52K52 + N52. The increase in grain yield per unit of active fertilizer substance was 15.5 kg. Mass fraction of crude gluten in grain exceeded the control by 3.0–7.9 %. The application of this fertilizer dose helped to equalize the yield between technologies. Conclusions. The results showed that in order to obtain the greatest agronomic effect in the third year of direct sowing of winter wheat on maize, the predominant application of nitrogen fertilizer in a total dose exceeding the dose of phosphorus and potassium by 2–3 times is required. Correctly selected methods of application and fertilizers rates prevent a decrease in wheat yield when switching from the recommended tillage technology to direct sowing.

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