scholarly journals Spring Precipitation Deficiency in Poland and Its Temporal and Spatial Variability in the Context of Agricultural Needs

Agronomy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Robert Kalbarczyk ◽  
Eliza Kalbarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Spring Precipitation ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Variability

Deficient precipitation (dPr) in the growing season, especially in critical periods, affects plant condition and determines the quality and quantity of obtained yields. Knowledge about the variability and distribution of dPr is essential to mitigate its effect on agricultural soils and on crop and livestock production. The goal of the work is to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of spring precipitation deficiency and also to indicate the zones of risk and variability of its occurrence in Poland. It was assumed that dPr occurred when total monthly precipitation in a given year accounted for ≤75% of the total multi-year mean (1951–2018). In the spring season, the multi-year mean of the area covered by deficient precipitation (ACDP) amounted to 33% and fluctuated between approximately 31% in May and approximately 35% in March. The study distinguished four zones in Poland that vary in terms of the risk and variability of spring precipitation deficiency. The obtained results may be used, for example, to assess the needs for irrigation in the changing climate conditions, to model the growing season and yields of cultivated plants, and to select adaptation measures for agriculture in response to climate change.

scholarly journals Temporal and spatial variability of spring precipitation in the Czech Republic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucie Pokorná ◽  
Zuzana Rulfová ◽  
Jindřiška Kuchyňková
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Winter Precipitation ◽  
Convective Precipitation ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Spring Precipitation ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Variability ◽  
Dry Spell ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

<p>Spring precipitation is a key factor determining vegetation growth and strongly affecting soil moisture in spring and summer. Whilst winter precipitation and snow cover as well as summer convective precipitation are frequently researched, only little attention is given to spring precipitation and its temporal variation.</p><p>In this contribution we focus on March, April and May daily precipitation at 72 station in the Czechia over 1980-2016. The temporal and spatial variability of precipitation totals, number of wet and dry days and periods is discussed in detail. The altitudes of the stations range from 158 to 1302 m a. s. l. and the mean spring precipitation totals vary from 104 to 327 mm. The highest mean number of dry days (more than 70) is reached at four stations elevated from 241 to 474 m a. s. l.  whilst the lowest number (less than 54) occurs at two stations above 1 km but also at one station in 740 m a. s. l. The duration of severe dry spells is not linked to altitude, either. The longest 43-days dry spell occurred at almost all stations up to 880 m a. s. l. No common trend of precipitation totals as well as dry or wet days exists over the area in studied period.</p><p>The analysis indicate that spring precipitation characteristics are rather related to surrounding and position of station with regard to prevailing flow direction than altitude. The hierarchical cluster analysis based on seasonal and monthly precipitation totals, number of wet and dry days, number and duration of wet and dry periods, trends of wet and dry days number and several other characteristics separated individual stations into 4 groups. Except the groups of lowland dry and mountain wet stations, the group associated low elevated wet stations on windward mountain sides and the other one with high elevated dry stations were created.</p>

Tendencias del cambio climático en la Demarcación Hidrográfica de Manabí

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Campos Cedeño Antonio Fermín ◽  
Mendoza Álava Junior Orlando
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Water Network ◽  
Monthly Distribution ◽  
Index Terms

Abstract— The Manabí Hydrographic Demarcation (DHM) is characterized as the only one that does not receive input from Andes Mountains, therefore, its water network is fed exclusively by the rainfall that occurs in the rainy season and that the warm current of El Niño plays a fundamental role in its production. In order to have technical information, important for the planning, control and development of the water resources of the DHM, in this research is made a temporal analysis of the monthly precipitation for 55 years, period 1963-2017. The National Institute of Hydrology and Meteorology of Ecuador (INAMHI) in station M005, located in the Botanical Garden of the Technical University of Manabí (Universidad Técnica de Manabí) in Portoviejo, obtained these records. An analysis is made of the monthly and annual patterns, establishing that the El Niño events that occurred in 1983, 1997 and 1998, have set guidelines for the change in rainwater production at the intensity and temporal distribution levels, increasing the months of drought, while the levels of rainfall increase, concentrating in fewer months, basically in February and March. This is a situation that increases the water deficit especially when there is not enough infrastructure of hydraulic works for the storage and regulation of runoff.   Index Terms— Hydrology, rainfall, monthly distribution, annually distribution, climate change, El Niño phenomenon

scholarly journals Relationship between Relative Maturity and Grain Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids in Northwest New Mexico for the 2003–2019 Period

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 290
Author(s):  
Koffi Djaman ◽  
Curtis Owen ◽  
Margaret M. West ◽  
Samuel Allen ◽  
Komlan Koudahe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Science ◽  
Production Optimization ◽  
Science Center ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Climate Conditions

The highly variable weather under changing climate conditions affects the establishment and the cutoff of crop growing season and exposes crops to failure if producers choose non-adapted relative maturity that matches the characteristics of the crop growing season. This study aimed to determine the relationship between maize hybrid relative maturity and the grain yield and determine the relative maturity range that will sustain maize production in northwest New Mexico (NM). Different relative maturity maize hybrids were grown at the Agricultural Science Center at Farmington ((Latitude 36.69° North, Longitude 108.31° West, elevation 1720 m) from 2003 to 2019 under sprinkler irrigation. A total of 343 hybrids were grouped as early and full season hybrids according to their relative maturity that ranged from 93 to 119 and 64 hybrids with unknown relative maturity. The crops were grown under optimal management condition with no stress of any kind. The results showed non-significant increase in grain yield in early season hybrids and non-significant decrease in grain yield with relative maturity in full season hybrids. The relative maturity range of 100–110 obtained reasonable high grain yields and could be considered under the northwestern New Mexico climatic conditions. However, more research should target the evaluation of different planting date coupled with plant population density to determine the planting window for the early season and full season hybrids for the production optimization and sustainability.

scholarly journals The Water Needs of Grapevines in Central Poland

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 416
Author(s):  
Barbara Jagosz ◽  
Stanisław Rolbiecki ◽  
Roman Rolbiecki ◽  
Ariel Łangowski ◽  
Hicran A. Sadan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Time Trend ◽  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
Crop Coefficients ◽  
Near Future

Climate warming increases the water needs of plants. The aim of this study was to estimate the water needs of grapevines in central Poland. Water needs were calculated using the crop coefficients method. Reference evapotranspiration was assessed by the Blaney–Criddle’s equation, modified for climate conditions in Poland. Crop coefficients were assumed according to the Doorenbos and Pruitt method. Water needs were calculated using the data from four meteorological stations. Rainfall deficit with the probability occurrence of normal years, medium dry years, and very dry years was determined by the Ostromęcki’s method. Water needs of grapevines during the average growing season were estimated at 438 mm. Upward time trend in the water needs both in the period of May–October and June–August was estimated. Temporal variability in the water needs was significant for all of the provinces. These changes were mainly impacted by a significant increasing tendency in mean air temperature and less by precipitation totals that did not show a clear changing tendency. Due to climate change, vineyards will require irrigation in the near future. The use of resource-efficient irrigation requires a precise estimate of the grapevines’ water needs. The study identified the water requirements for grapevines in central Poland.

scholarly journals A global satellite-assisted precipitation climatology

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Funk ◽  
A. Verdin ◽  
J. Michaelsen ◽  
P. Peterson ◽  
D. Pedreros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Complex Terrain ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Satellite Monitoring ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Precipitation Climatology ◽  
Polar Orbiting Satellite ◽  
Observation Networks

Abstract. Accurate representations of mean climate conditions, especially in areas of complex terrain, are an important part of environmental monitoring systems. As high-resolution satellite monitoring information accumulates with the passage of time, it can be increasingly useful in efforts to better characterize the earth's mean climatology. Current state-of-the-science products rely on complex and sometimes unreliable relationships between elevation and station-based precipitation records, which can result in poor performance in food and water insecure regions with sparse observation networks. These vulnerable areas (like Ethiopia, Afghanistan, or Haiti) are often the critical regions for humanitarian drought monitoring. Here, we show that long period of record geo-synchronous and polar-orbiting satellite observations provide a unique new resource for producing high-resolution (0.05°) global precipitation climatologies that perform reasonably well in data-sparse regions. Traditionally, global climatologies have been produced by combining station observations and physiographic predictors like latitude, longitude, elevation, and slope. While such approaches can work well, especially in areas with reasonably dense observation networks, the fundamental relationship between physiographic variables and the target climate variables can often be indirect and spatially complex. Infrared and microwave satellite observations, on the other hand, directly monitor the earth's energy emissions. These emissions often correspond physically with the location and intensity of precipitation. We show that these relationships provide a good basis for building global climatologies. We also introduce a new geospatial modeling approach based on moving window regressions and inverse distance weighting interpolation. This approach combines satellite fields, gridded physiographic indicators, and in situ climate normals. The resulting global 0.05° monthly precipitation climatology, the Climate Hazards Group's Precipitation Climatology version 1 (CHPclim v.1.0, doi:10.15780/G2159X), is shown to compare favorably with similar global climatology products, especially in areas with complex terrain and low station densities.

scholarly journals 501 Years of Spring Precipitation History for the Semi-Arid Northern Iran Derived from Tree-Ring δ18O Data

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 889
Author(s):  
Zeynab Foroozan ◽  
Jussi Grießinger ◽  
Kambiz Pourtahmasi ◽  
Achim Bräuning
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
World Knowledge ◽  
Spring Precipitation ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation Indices ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Semi Arid

In semi-arid regions of the world, knowledge about the long-term hydroclimate variability is essential to analyze and evaluate the impact of current climate change on ecosystems. We present the first tree-ring δ18O based hydroclimatic reconstruction for northern semi-arid Iran spanning the period 1515–2015. A highly significant correlation between tree-ring δ18O variations of juniper trees and spring (April–June) precipitation reveals a major influence of spring water availability during the early growing season. The driest period of the past 501 years occurred in the 16th century while the 18th century was the wettest, during which the overall highest frequency of wet year events occurred. A gradual decline in spring precipitation is evident from the beginning of the 19th century, pointing to even drier climate conditions. The analysis of dry/wet events indicates that the frequency of years with relatively dry spring increased over the last three centuries, while the number of wet events decreased. Our findings are in accordance with historical Persian disaster records (e.g., the severe droughts of 1870–1872, 1917–1919; severe flooding of 1867, the 1930s, and 1950). Correlation analyses between the reconstruction and different atmospheric circulation indices revealed no significant influence of large-scale drivers on spring precipitation in northern Iran.

scholarly journals Regional Precipitation Model Based on Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression Kriging

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 2547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Dan Liu ◽  
Shengjie Zheng ◽  
Shuya Liu ◽  
Hugo A. Loáiciga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Weighted Regression ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Regression Kriging ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Predictive Skill ◽  
Precipitation Model ◽  
Meteorological Modeling

High-resolution precipitation field has been widely used in hydrological and meteorological modeling. This paper establishes the spatial and temporal distribution model of precipitation in Hubei Province from 2006 through 2014, based on the data of 75 meteorological stations. This paper applies a geographically and temporally weighted regression kriging (GTWRK) model to precipitation and assesses the effects of timescales and a time-weighted function on precipitation interpolation. This work’s results indicate that: (1) the optimal timescale of the geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) precipitation model is daily. The fitting accuracy is improved when the timescale is converted from months and years to days. The average mean absolute error (MAE), mean relative error (MRE), and the root mean square error (RMSE) decrease with scaling from monthly to daily time steps by 36%, 56%, and 35%, respectively, and the same statistical indexes decrease by 13%, 15%, and 14%, respectively, when scaling from annual to daily steps; (2) the time weight function based on an exponential function improves the predictive skill of the GTWR model by 3% when compared to geographically weighted regression (GWR) using a monthly time step; and (3) the GTWRK has the highest accuracy, and improves the MAE, MRE and RMSE by 3%, 10% and 1% with respect to monthly precipitation predictions, respectively, and by 3%, 10% and 5% concerning annual precipitation predictions, respectively, compared with the GWR results.

scholarly journals Climate change impact on meteorological droughts in watershed scale (case study: southwestern Iran)

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Nikbakht Shahbazi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
General Circulation Models ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Spring Precipitation ◽  
Data Simulation ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel

Drought is one of the major natural disasters in the world which has a lot of social and economic impacts. There are various factors that affect climate changes; the investigation of this incident is also sensitive. Climate scenarios of future climate change studies and investigation of efficient methods for investigating these events on drought should be assumed. This study intends to investigate climate change impacts on drought in Karoon3 watershed in the future. For this purpose, the atmospheric general circulation models (GCM) data under Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scenarios should be investigated. In this study, watershed drought under climate change impacts will be simulated in future periods (2011 to 2099). In this research standard precipitation index (SPI) was calculated using mean monthly precipitation data in Karoon3 watershed. SPI was calculated in 6, 12 and 24 months periods. Statistical analysis on daily precipitation and minimum and maximum daily temperature was performed. To determine the feasibility of future periods meteorological data production of LRAS-WG5 model, calibration and verification was performed for the base year (1980-2007). Meteorological data simulation for future periods under General Circulation Models and climate change IPCC scenarios was performed and then the drought status using SPI under climate change effects analyzed. Results showed that differences between monthly maximum and minimum temperature will decrease under climate change and spring precipitation shall increase while summer and autumn rainfall shall decrease. The most increase of precipitation will take place in winter and in December. Normal and wet SPI category is more frequent in B1 and A2 emissions scenarios than A1B. Wet years increases in the study area during 2011-2030 period and the more continuous drought years gradually increases during 2046-2065 period, the more severe and frequent drought will occur during the 2080-2099 period.

Planning to Build Resilience into Transportation Assets: Lessons Learned

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth Rodehorst ◽  
Brenda Dix ◽  
Brad Hurley ◽  
Jake Keller ◽  
Robert Hyman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Transportation Engineering ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Transportation Assets ◽  
The Face ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Transportation Agencies

Although many state and local transportation agencies recognize the need to make transportation assets more resilient in the face of a changing climate, there have been few methods and best practices they can draw on to determine which assets may be compromised under future conditions and how to evaluate and select adaptation measures. Federal Highway Administration’s (FHWA’s) Transportation Engineering Approaches to Climate Resiliency project sought to synthesize lessons learned and innovations from a variety of recent FHWA studies and pilots to help transportation agencies address changing climate conditions and extreme weather events at the asset level. This paper describes considerations for why, where, and how to integrate climate considerations into the project development process. It also discusses the types of climate information that should be considered, and summarizes lessons learned from FHWA’s studies and pilots—such as implementing adaptive designs, considering assets in a regional context, and exploring ecosystem-based adaptation solutions—that can be used to guide the process of developing adaptation strategies.

POSSIBLE CHANGES OF CLIMATE CONDITIONS IN UKRAINE TO THE MIDDLE OF THE XXI CENTURY

2020 ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
L.V. Malytska ◽  
V. O Balabukh
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Climatic Parameters ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
A1b Scenario

In Ukraine, as in the world, substantial climatic changes have happened throughout past decades. It is a fact that they are manifested in changing of parameters of the thermal regime, regimes of wind and humidity. It is expected that they will be observed also in future that will lead to aggravation of negative effects and risks due to climate change. That determines the relevance of the problem of forecasting such changes in future both globally and regionally. After all, knowledge of climate’s behavior in future is very important in the development of strategies, program and measures to adapt to climate change. The article is devoted to assessing spatio-temporal distribution main climatic indicators (air temperature, wind speed and relative humidity) in Ukraine, their variability and the probable values to the middle of the 21st century (2021-2050). Projection of changes in meteorological conditions was made for A1B scenario of SRES family using data of the regional climate model REMO and data from the hydrometeorological observation network of Ukraine (175 stations). Estimated data obtained from the European FP-6 ENSEMBLES project with a resolution of 25 km. For spatial distribution (mapping) we used open-source Geographic Information System QGIS, type of geographic coordinate system for project is WGS84. In the middle of the XXI century, if A1B scenario is released, it is expected a significant changes of climatic parameters regarding the 1981-2010 climatic norm: air temperature is rise by 1,5 °C, average wind speed is decrease by 5-8%, relative humidity in winter probably drop by 2%, but in summer it rises by 1,5%. The unidirectionality of the changes is characteristic only of air temperature, for wind speed and relative humidity the changes are in different directions. The intensity of changes is also not uniform across the country for all climatic parameters, has its regional and seasonal features. Statistical likelihood for most of highlighted changes for all climatic parameters is 66 % and more, the air temperature change is virtually certain (p-level <0.001).

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