scholarly journals Description of an Ultrasound-Guided Transverse Approach to the Transversus Thoracis Plane Block and Evaluation of Injectate Spread in Canine Cadavers

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2657
Author(s):  
Manuel Alaman ◽  
Adrián González-Marrón ◽  
Cristina Lorente ◽  
Cristina Bonastre ◽  
Alicia Laborda
Keyword(s):  
Median Sternotomy ◽  
Gross Anatomy ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Ultrasound Guided ◽  
Number Range ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Intercostal Nerves

Transversus thoracis plane (TTP) block has demonstrated to produce analgesia in humans undergoing median sternotomy. The objectives of the study were to describe an ultrasound-guided transverse approach to the transversus thoracis plane (t-TTP) and to evaluate the spread of two injectable volumes in canine cadavers. Two cadavers were used to describe relevant gross anatomy of the ventral thoracic area and sonoanatomy between the fifth and sixth costal cartilages. Then, eight cadavers were used to describe the ultrasound-guided injection into the TTP and were dissected to evaluate the injectate spread and the intercostal nerves staining with two different dye-lidocaine volumes: low volume (LV) 0.5 mL kg−1 and high volume (HV) 1 mL kg−1. To compare the spread between both volumes the Fisher’s exact test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used. The solution spread along the TTP after all injections, staining a median number (range) of 3 (2–4) and 4 (3–5) nerves with LV and HV, respectively (p = 0.014). The injection of HV versus LV increases the number of stained nerves. Ultrasound-guided t-TTP is a feasible technique that provides staining of several intercostal nerves with a single injection site, so it could be useful to provide analgesia to the ventral chest wall.

Effect of needle type on plane block spread in a cadaveric porcine model

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjmilitary-2021-001827
Author(s):  
Scott Hughey ◽  
J Cole ◽  
G J Booth ◽  
R Gliniecki ◽  
E Stedjelarsen
Keyword(s):  
Plain Film ◽  
Perioperative Period ◽  
Transversus Abdominis ◽  
Tuohy Needle ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Tap Block ◽  
Ultrasound Guided ◽  
Standard Block ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
The Difference

IntroductionPlane blocks are an increasingly common type of regional anaesthesia technique in the perioperative period. Increased spread of local anaesthesia during plane blocks is thought to be related to an increased area of pain coverage. This study sought to assess differences in injectate spread comparing Tuohy needles with standard insulated stimulating block needles.Methods10 Yorkshire-Cross porcine cadavers were used in this study. Immediately following euthanasia, the cadavers underwent bilateral ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block injection with radiopaque contrast dye, with one side placed with a 20 g Tuohy needle, and the other side with a 20 g insulated stimulating block needle. Injectate spread was assessed using plain film X-ray and area of spread was measured to compare differences.ResultsAll 10 animals underwent successful ultrasound-guided TAP block placement. In all 10 animals, the area of contrast spread was greater with the Tuohy than stimulating needle. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to analyse the difference between the groups. The average difference between the two sides was 33.02% (p=0.002).ConclusionsThis is the first study to demonstrate differences in injectate spread with different needle types. This suggests enhanced spread with Tuohy needle compared with standard block needle, and may encourage its use during plane blocks.

scholarly journals Radiographic and Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Root Canal Treatment Using Different Irrigation Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidinéia Feitoza de Jesus ◽  
Nestor Cohenca ◽  
Priscilla Coutinho Romualdo ◽  
Paulo Nelson-Filho ◽  
Alexandra Mussolino de Queiroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Apical Periodontitis ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Signed Rank Test

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiographic periapical repair and the synthesis of inflammatory mediators after endodontic treatment in a single session, using different irrigation protocols, in teeth with apical periodontitis. Experimental apical periodontitis were induced in dog’s teeth randomly assigned into 4 groups: G1 - Irrigation by Negative Apical Pressure (n= 20); G2 - Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation (n= 20), G3 - Positive Pressure Irrigation (n= 20); G4 - apical periodontitis without treatment (n= 20). After 180 days, the animals were euthanized, the tissues removed and submitted to histotechnical processing for immunohistochemical analysis of osteopontin (OPN), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) and interleukin 1-a (IL-1a). Radiographic analysis was performed using the Periapical Index (PAI), obtained prior to and 180 days following endodontic treatment. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Fisher’s Exact test or Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn’s post-test (a = 5%). Radiographically, after endodontic treatment, apical periodontitis persisted in 35% of G1 specimens, 40% of G2 and 40% of G3 (p>0.05), although a PAI reduction was observed (p<0.05). By immunohistochemical evaluation, endodontic treatment resulted in lower synthesis of TNF-a and OPN in periapical region, compared to apical periodontitis without treatment (p<0.05). Production of IL-1 was not modulated by endodontic treatment (p>0.05). Periapical healing was observed in approximately 60% of the cases after endodontic treatment performed in a single session with lower synthesis of TNF-a and OPN in the periapical region, regardless of the irrigation protocol used.

Pharmacogenomic analysis of the triplet combination of gemcitabine, oxaliplatin, and cetuximab as salvage therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e14531-e14531
Author(s):  
A. Hernandez ◽  
E. Bandres ◽  
J. Rodriguez ◽  
N. Bitarte ◽  
N. Ramirez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Combination Methods

e14531 Background: We have previously reported that biweekly gemcitabine-based therapy was active in pretreated mCRC pts (De la Cruz et al, ASCO GI 2008, abstr 377). We aimed to investigate whether germ line polymorphisms may be predictors of clinical outcome in mCRC pts treated with this combination. Methods: We evaluated SNPs of genes involved in gemcitabine metabolism (CDA, dCDK, RRM1, DCTD, SLC28A1), DNA repair (XRCC1, XRCC 3, ERCC1, XPD) and two IgG Fcγ R polymorphisms (Fcγ RIIa- H131R and Fcγ RIIIa-V158F), reported to be predictive of cetuximab-based therapy, even in K-ras mutated pts. Whole blood was collected and DNA extracted from peripheral lymphocytes using a DNA isolation Kit (Qiagen, CA). Polymorphisms were detected using the TaqMan genotyping assays (Applied Biosystems, CA). Clinical response was evaluated according to RECIST criteria. Univariate analysis (Fisher´s exact test for response; log-rank test for TTP and OS) was performed to examine associations between polymorphisms and clinical outcome. Results: Blood samples of 35 out of 39 enrolled pts were tested for genomic analysis. Patient‘s characteristics are as follows; M/F: 26/13, median age: 59 years, median number of prior chemotherapy lines: 2 (1–4), Köhne risk groups; low: 8 pts, intermediate: 18 pts, high: 13 pts. After a median follow-up of 20 months, median progression-free survival (PFS) is 6.7 months (95% CI; 5.2–8.3) and median overall survival 15.4 m (95% CI; 14.7–16.1). Overall response rate (ORR) was 53.8%. RRM1 R284R SNPs (p=0.06), T741T (p=0.02) and RRM1–524CT (p=0.04) were linked to clinical responsiveness. All pts possessing 2 or 3 favourable RRM1 SNPs responded. ORR was 53.3% for pts with no favourable SNPs versus 85% for pts with any favourable SNP (p=0.04). ORR was also significantly higher in pts with any histidine allele in the Fcγ RIIa polymorphism (93% vs. 60%, p=0.034). Median PFS was adversely affected in pts harbouring no favourable RRM1 SNPs (4.2m versus 6.7 months, p=0.019) and in those pts with homozygous Fcγ RIIa-131R allele (4.4 vs. 7.5 months, p=0.007). Conclusions: Polymorphic variants of RRM1 and Fcγ RIIa may play a key role in the efficacy of gemcitabine and cetuximab-based therapy for mCRC pts. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Quality-of-life (QoL) in RANGE: A phase 3 study of ramucirumab (RAM) plus docetaxel (DOC) versus placebo (P) plus DOC in platinum-refractory locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC).

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 419-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Necchi ◽  
Hiroyuki Nishiyama ◽  
Nobuaki Matsubara ◽  
Jae-Lyun Lee ◽  
Daniel Peter Petrylak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Objective Response ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Point Change ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Eortc Qlq C30 ◽  
Platinum Refractory ◽  
Eortc Qlq

419 Background: RAM + DOC in RANGE (NCT02426125) improved progression free survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.757) with a higher objective response rate (24.5% vs 14%) and an acceptable safety profile (Petrylak, et al Lancet 2017). QoL was a secondary objective. Methods: Patients (pts) whose UC progressed following platinum-based therapy were randomized to receive RAM (10 mg/kg) + DOC (75 mg/m2) or P + DOC on Day 1 of a 21-day cycle. Treatment continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity with a maximum of 10 cycles for DOC. Pts completed the EORTC QLQ-C30 (v3) prior to each cycle & at the 30-day follow up visit. QoL scales were analyzed for: 1) rates of improved/stable scores (compared with Fisher’s exact test) & 2) time to sustained deterioration (TtD), defined as randomization to first worsening with no subsequent non-worsened assessment (compared with unstratified log-rank test). A ≥10 point change (on 100-point scale) was deemed clinically meaningful. Results: 530 pts were randomized. 254/263 (97%) RAM-DOC & 260/267 (97%) P-DOC pts provided baseline (BL) QoL data & ≥85% for post-BL, on-therapy assessments. Median number of cycles was 4 for RAM-DOC & 3 for P-DOC. Mean BL scores were similar between arms & indicated greatest impairment for global QoL, fatigue, pain, & insomnia. For all scales, rates of improved/stable scores were not different, except for pain at Cycles 4 & 7 where rates were higher for RAM-DOC (p < 0.05). Relative to other QoL scales, pain generally had highest rates of improved scores in both arms (14-25% for RAM-DOC & 8-24% for P-DOC for Cycles 1-4). In a post hoc analysis, Cycles 1-4 rates of improved pain scores were 31-32% for RAM-DOC & 14-26% for P-DOC in tumor responders, but 17-29% for RAM-DOC & 16-28% for P-DOC in pts with stable disease. For TtD, 14/15 QoL scales had HRs < 1, indicating similar or numerically longer TtD in QoL for RAM-DOC (HRs 0.67- 1.06; all 95% confidence intervals included 1). Conclusions: The addition of RAM to DOC for platinum-refractory UC pts did not adversely impact QoL relative to P-DOC. Trends in improved TtD and improved rates of pain associated with tumor response favored RAM-DOC. Clinical trial information: NCT02426125.

Ultrasound-guided botulinum toxin A injection: an alternative treatment for dribbling

2007 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 609-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
M B Marina ◽  
A Sani ◽  
A H Hamzaini ◽  
B B Hamidon
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Botulinum Toxin A ◽  
Visual Analogue Score ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Major Salivary Gland ◽  
Ultrasound Guided ◽  
Toxin A ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
National University ◽  
Signed Rank Test

AbstractDribbling (sialorrhoea) affects about 10 per cent of patients with chronic neurological disease. The variety of treatments currently available is unsatisfactory. This study was a clinical trial of the efficacy of ultrasound-guided, intraglandular injection of botulinum toxin A for dribbling, performed within the otorhinolaryngology department of the National University of Malaysia. Both pairs of parotid and submandibular glands received 25 U each of botulinum toxin A.Twenty patients were enrolled in the study. The median age was 15 years. All 20 patients (or their carers) reported a distinct improvement in symptoms after injection. Using the Wilcoxon signed rank test, there were significant reductions in dribbling rating score, dribbling frequency score, dribbling severity score, dribbling visual analogue score and towel changes score, comparing pre- and post-injection states (p<0.001). There were no complications or adverse effects during or after the injection procedure.Intraglandular, major salivary gland injection of botulinum toxin A is an effective treatment to reduce dribbling. Ultrasound guidance enhances the accuracy of this procedure and minimises the risk of complication.

Survey of defecation habits in apparently healthy and chronic kidney disease cats

2021 ◽  
pp. 1098612X2110126
Author(s):  
Sarah E Jones ◽  
Jessica M Quimby ◽  
Stacie C Summers ◽  
Sierra M Adams ◽  
Sarah MA Caney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Important Variation ◽  
Initial Questionnaire ◽  
Bowel Movements ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Objectives Changes in bowel movements (BMs) are an important clinical sign in many diseases, including chronic kidney disease (CKD), and the purpose of this study was to collect information on BMs and fecal scores in both apparently healthy and CKD cats. A secondary aim was to assess owner awareness of BM frequency. Methods Owners were asked to complete an initial online questionnaire about their cat’s health and litter box habits (including predicted BM frequency and fecal scores) and were then asked to clean the box daily for 7 days and report results (observed frequency of BMs and fecal scores) daily. Differences in BM frequency and fecal scores between apparently normal and CKD cats were compared using the Mann–Whitney test, and predicted vs observed data were compared using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Difference in percentage of cats defecating more or less than once daily were assessed with Fisher’s exact test. Results Survey data from 124 owners of apparently healthy cats and 43 owners of CKD cats who submitted two or more days of daily observations (in addition to the initial questionnaire) were analyzed. Eighty-five percent of apparently healthy cats were observed to defecate one or more times per day and 15% defecated less than once per day. Fifty-eight percent of CKD cats defecated one or more times per day and 42% defecated less than once per day. A significantly higher percentage of CKD cats defecated less than once per day in comparison with apparently healthy cats ( P <0.0001). Observed BM frequency was significantly less in CKD cats compared with healthy cats ( P = 0.02). Observed fecal scores were not significantly different between healthy and CKD cats. Conclusions and relevance The observed BM frequency of cats with CKD was less than apparently healthy cats and represents a clinically important variation from normal.

scholarly journals A comparative study of efficacy and safety of tamsulosin with nifedipine versus tamsulosin alone as medical expulsive therapy for lower ureteric stones

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 2278
Author(s):  
Arun Suresh ◽  
Narendranath Sanji ◽  
Naveen Hebbal Nagarajappa ◽  
Shashikala Gowdara Hanumanthareddy ◽  
Pallavi Mahadeva Kamath
Keyword(s):  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Analgesic Requirement ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Medical Expulsive Therapy ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background: Lower ureteric stones (LUS) comprises of 70% of ureteric stones. Spontaneous passage depends on stone size and location in ureter. Impacted calculi initiate smooth muscles contractions causing ureteric spasms. α-1 blockers like tamsulosin and calcium channel blocker like nifedipine relaxes ureteric smooth muscle, facilitating spontaneous expulsion. Pain and discomfort associated with urolithiasis, hospitalization and surgical cost can be minimized by medical expulsive therapy. Many studies had compared efficacy of tamsulosin with nifedipine, only few have explored the combination. This study compared efficacy of nifedipine and tamsulosin versus tamsulosin alone.Methods: 64 patients with LUS (5-10 mm) were assigned into 2 groups. Group 1 received tamsulosin and nifedipine and group 2 only tamsulosin. Rate of expulsion, time to expulsion, analgesic frequency and pain VAS score were analyzed. Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test to analyze categorical data, Mann Whitney U test or unpaired t test for differences between groups and Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test for within group. A p<0.05 was statistically significant.Results: Rate of expulsion was 87.5% in group 1 and 65.6% in group 2 (p<0.05). Mean expulsion time was 6.68±1.89 days for group 1 and 8.52±2.62 in group 2 (p<0.05). Analgesic requirement was similar. Adverse effects were headache, dizziness and postural hypotension.Conclusions: Combination therapy yielded better rate of expulsion and reduction in stone expulsion time than tamsulosin alone. Thus, combination therapy can be considered for effective treatment outcomes.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Ninjin’yoeito for Preoperative Anemia, Fatigue, and Anxiety in Patients with Gynecological Disease: an Open-Label, Single-Center, Randomized Phase-II Trial.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taro Yagi ◽  
Kenjiro Sawada ◽  
Mayuko Miyamoto ◽  
Yasuto Kinose ◽  
Satoshi Nakagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Perioperative Outcomes ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Preoperative Anemia ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Gynecological Diseases ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background: Preoperative anemia affects perioperative outcomes and often causes fatigue and psychological disorders. Therefore, anemia should be treated before a patient undergoes surgery. Ninjin’yoeito (NYT), a Japanese Kampo medicine composed of ginseng and Japanese angelica root with the other 10 herbs, is administered for anemia, fatigue and anxiety; however, there are a few reports that have prospectively examined the effects of NYT before surgery for gynecological diseases. Hence, we tended to investigate its efficacy and safety.Methods: In this open-label randomized trial, women with gynecological diseases accompanied by preoperative anemia (defined as <11.0 g/dL Hemoglobin [Hb]) were randomly assigned (1:1) into the iron supplementation and NYT groups. Patients of the iron supplementation group and the NYT group received 100 mg/day iron supplementation with and without NYT (7.5 g/day) for at least 10 days before surgery. The primary endpoint was improvement in Hb levels before and after treatment, and Cancer Fatigue Scale (CFS) and Visual Analogue Scale for Anxiety (VAS-A) scores between groups. Statistical analyses were performed with Wilcoxon signed rank test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and Fisher’s exact test as appropriate.Results: 40 patients were enrolled of whom 30 patients were finally analyzed after allocating 15 to each group. There was no difference in the characteristics between both groups. Hb significantly increased in both groups (iron supplementation group, 9.9 ± 0.8 g/dL vs. 11.9 ± 1.6 g/dL; NYT group, 9.8 ± 1.0 g/dL vs. 12.0 ± 1.0 g/dL); the difference in the elevations in Hb between both groups was statistically insignificant (P = 0.72). Contrarily, CFS (17.9 ± 10.2 vs. 8.1 ± 5.2) and VAS-A (56 mm (50–70) vs. 23 mm (6–48)) scores were significantly decreased only in the NYT group and these changes were greater in the NYT group (∆CFS, P = 0.015; ∆VAS-A, P = 0.014). Liver dysfunction occurred in one patient of the NYT group.Conclusions: For treating preoperative anemia in women with gynecological conditions, NYT administration along with iron supplementation safely and efficiently improved the preoperative anemia, fatigue and anxiety.Trial registration: jRCT1051190012 (28/April/2019, retrospectively registered).

PL03.2.A Radiotherapy is associated with a deletion signature that contributes to poor outcomes in glioma patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii2-ii2
Author(s):  
E Kocakavuk ◽  
K J Anderson ◽  
F S Varn ◽  
K C Johnson ◽  
S B Amin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Strand Break ◽  
Homozygous Deletion ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Log Linear

Abstract BACKGROUND Diffuse gliomas are highly aggressive brain tumors that invariably relapse despite treatment with chemo- and radiotherapy. Treatment with alkylating chemotherapy can drive tumors to develop a hypermutator phenotype. In contrast, the genomic effects of radiation therapy (RT) remain largely unknown. MATERIAL AND METHODS We analyzed the mutational spectra following treatment with RT in whole genome or exome sequencing data from 190 paired primary-recurrent gliomas from the Glioma Longitudinal Analysis (GLASS) dataset and 3693 post-treatment metastatic tumors from the Hartwig Medical Foundation (HMF). RESULTS We identified a significant increase in the burden of small deletions following radiation therapy that was independent of other factors (P = 3e-03, multivariable log-linear regression). These novel deletions demonstrated distinct characteristics when compared to pre-existing deletions present prior to RT-treatment and deletions in RT-untreated tumors. Radiation therapy-acquired deletions were characterized by a larger deletion size (GLASS and HMF, P = 1.5e-04 and P = 6e-16, respectively; Mann-Whitney U test), an increased distance to repetitive DNA elements (P &lt; 2.2e-16, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test) and a lack of microhomology at breakpoints (P = 6.6e-05, paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Furthermore, mutational signature analysis confirmed the distinct genomic characteristics of RT-associated deletions when compared to deletions arising via homologous recombination deficiency or microsatellite instability. These observations suggested that canonical non-homologous end joining (c-NHEJ) was the preferred pathway for DNA double strand break repair of RT-induced DNA damage. Furthermore, RT resulted in frequent chromosomal deletions and significantly increased frequencies of CDKN2A homozygous deletions in IDHmut glioma (P= 1.9e-05, Fisher’s exact test). Finally, a high burden of RT-associated deletions was associated with worse clinical outcomes (GLASS and HMF, P = 3.4e-02 and P &lt; 1e-04, respectively; log-rank test). CONCLUSION Our results collectively suggest that effective repair of RT-induced DNA damage is detrimental to patient survival and that inhibiting c-NHEJ may be a viable strategy for improving the cancer-killing effect of radiotherapy. Furthermore, CDKN2A homozygous deletion at recurrence may be leveraged as a promising clinical biomarker of RT-resistance in IDHmut glioma. Taken together, the identified genomic scars as a result of RT reflect a more aggressive tumor with increased levels of resistance to follow up treatments.

scholarly journals Comparison of isthmus detection methods in the apical third of mesial roots of maxillary and mandibular first molars: macroscopic observation versus operating microscope

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 428-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelos G. Kontakiotis ◽  
Fotios D. Palamidakis ◽  
Eleftherios-Terry R. Farmakis ◽  
Giorgos N. Tzanetakis
Keyword(s):  
Detection Methods ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Operating Microscope ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Macroscopic Observation ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
Root Types

The aims of this study were to assess the presence and the frequency of isthmuses in the mesial roots of the maxillary and mandibular first molars (at two resection levels from the apex), and to compare the findings obtained by macroscopic observation (MO) and operating microscope (OM). Forty maxillary and 40 mandibular mesial roots were observed at 3 and 5 mm from the apex initially macroscopically and then with the use of an OM. The presence of an isthmus and the number of root canals detected were recorded. Data were analyzed statistically by Fisher's exact test for isthmus evaluation and Wilcoxon signed rank-test for number of root canals at a confidence interval of 95%. Comparison between MO and OM regarding the number of roots with isthmuses provided the following results: Mandibular group: At 3 mm level: MO 19 ?s. OM 27; at 5 mm level: MO 31 ?s. OM 32. Maxillary group: At 3 mm level: MO 9 ?s. OM 14; at 5 mm level: MO 19 ?s. OM 21. Significant differences (p<0.05) were found concerning the accuracy of the isthmus detection methods at both resection levels (3 and 5 mm) and both types of roots, as well as for the number of the canals inspected under the OM between the two resection levels of the mesial roots of the maxillary first molars. Under the tested conditions, OM increased the diagnostic accuracy of isthmus detection at both resection levels and root types.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document