scholarly journals Water Distribution Systems in Pig Farm Buildings: Critical Elements of Design and Management

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3268
Author(s):  
Stephen Little ◽  
Andrew Woodward ◽  
Glenn Browning ◽  
Helen Billman-Jacobe

Drinking water distribution systems (WDSs) within buildings on pig farms have critical elements of their design and management that impact water provision to pigs, water quality, the efficacy of in-water antimicrobial dosing, and, thus, pig health and performance. We used a mixed-methods approach to survey managers of 25 medium to large single-site and multi-site pig farming enterprises across eastern and southern Australia. We found wide variation in the configuration (looped or branched) and total length of WDSs within buildings across farms and in pipe materials and diameters. Within many conventional buildings and some eco-shelters, WDSs were ‘over-sized’, comprising large-diameter main pipelines with high holding volumes, resulting in slow velocity water flows through sections of a WDS’s main pipeline. In over half of the weaner buildings and one-third of grower/finisher buildings, the number of pigs per drinker exceeded the recommended maximum. Few farms measured flow rates from drinkers quantitatively. WDS sanitization was not practiced on many farms, and few managers were aware of the risks to water quality and pig health. We identified important aspects of water provision to pigs for which valuable recommendations could be added to industry guidelines available to pig farm managers.

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 2080-2091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Douterelo ◽  
Carolina Calero-Preciado ◽  
Victor Soria-Carrasco ◽  
Joby B. Boxall

This research highlights the potential of whole metagenome sequencing to help protect drinking water quality and safety.


2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Jaeger ◽  
S. Oberti ◽  
L. Guichot ◽  
J. Baron

Soft waters characterised with low alkalinity tend to reduce the lifetime of pipes in drinking water distribution systems. Consequently, the corrosion induced is likely to deteriorate water quality at the consumer's tap. Two different types of treatment methods are commonly used to control the corrosion effects of soft waters: (i) the addition of phosphate corrosion inhibitors, and (ii) the remineralisation process. In order to facilitate the decision making of network operator to use suitable treatment methods, a comparative pilot-scale experiment was performed. The above two treatment strategies were tested using pipes representing both drinking water distribution systems (used materials: cast iron and steel) and household plumbing systems (used material: copper). The impact of the two techniques was assessed by means of water quality monitoring (pH, metal leaching, etc) and of corrosion measurements using electrochemical probes as well as weight-loss coupons. The results obtained after a 15 month long experiment showed that remineralisation method was clearly the most effective way to control soft water corrosion. The implementation of this method resulted in a 50% reduction in metals leaching and about 40% decrease in iron corrosion rates.


Author(s):  
Rafał Łangowski ◽  
Mietek Brdys

Monitoring of Chlorine Concentration in Drinking Water Distribution Systems Using an Interval EstimatorThis paper describes the design of an interval observer for the estimation of unmeasured quality state variables in drinking water distribution systems. The estimator utilizes a set bounded model of uncertainty to produce robust interval bounds on the estimated state variables of the water quality. The bounds are generated by solving two differential equations. Hence the numerical efficiency is sufficient for on-line monitoring of the water quality. The observer is applied to an exemplary water network and its performance is validated by simulations.


2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatella Termini ◽  
Gaspare Viviani

A reduction in the concentration of chlorine, which is used as a chemical disinfectant for water in drinking water distribution systems, can be considered to be an index of the progressive deterioration of water quality. In this work, attention is given to the spatial distribution of the residual chlorine in drinking water distribution systems. The criterion for grouping the water-quality parameters normally used is highly subjective and often based on data that are not correctly identified. In this paper, a cluster analysis based on fuzzy logic is applied. The advantage of the proposed procedure is that it allows a user to identify (in an automatic way and without any specific assumption) the zonation of the network and easily calibrate the unknown parameters. An analysis of the correlation between the sampling sites for the residual chlorine has been used to assess the applicability of the procedure.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document