scholarly journals Early Pregnancy in Jennies in the Caribbean: Corpus Luteum Development and Progesterone Production, Uterine and Embryo Dynamics, Conceptus Growth and Maturation

Animals ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Lorenzo G. T. M. Segabinazzi ◽  
Brandy N. Roberts ◽  
Erik W. Peterson ◽  
Rachael Ambrosia ◽  
Don Bergfelt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Early Embryo Development ◽  
The Third ◽  
Hormone Profile ◽  
The Caribbean

We aimed to characterize early embryo development and changes in corpus luteum (CL) development and progesterone profile in pregnant vs. non-pregnant jennies. Eight jennies were enrolled in the study. In the first two cycles, the jennies were monitored by transrectal ultrasonography and had blood harvested for hormone profile assay. In the third cycle, jennies were bred by a jack of proven fertility. Jennies were then monitored and sampled for up to 30 days of pregnancy. Data were evaluated by random-effects multiple linear regression, and correlations were expressed as Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Progesterone concentration rose rapidly from ovulation (D0) until D7, plateaued until D12–14, then precipitously declined between D14 and 15, remaining low until the next ovulation in non-pregnant cycles. In the pregnant jennies, the progesterone concentration rose to maximal concentrations on D7–11, being higher at this stage than in non-pregnant cycles, then declined gradually up to D30. In all cycles, the volume of the CL increased steadily until D6, when it plateaued in pregnant jennies. For non-pregnant jennies, CL volume decreased slowly from D6 to D11 and then had a faster drop. Uterine tone increased following ovulation, becoming turgid around the day of embryo fixation (D15.0 ± 0.9). An embryonic vesicle (EV) was first detected on D9.3 ± 0.5 (2.4 ± 0.5 mm). The EV remained spherical until D18.6 ± 1.4. The embryo proper was first detected ventrally in the vesicle on D20.8 ± 1.1 and the embryonic heartbeat by D22.0 ± 0.9. The allantoic sac was identified at D24.0 ± 0.9, and at D30, the allantoic sac filled the ventral half of the EV. This study provides evidence that higher cumulative concentrations of progesterone are correlated to size of the EV, and there were changes in the luteal dynamics and progesterone profiles in pregnant vs. non-pregnant jennies.

Embryo development and placentome formation during early pregnancy in red deer

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 723 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. McMahon ◽  
M. W. Fisher ◽  
B. G. Mockett ◽  
R. P. Littlejohn
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Limb Buds ◽  
Early Embryo Development ◽  
Histological Processing

Early embryo development and placentome formation were assessed in red deer between Days 27 and 55 of gestation. Uteri were collected from 12 pregnant hinds in which mating was observed following a synchronized oestrus, and the tissues retained for measurements and histological processing for light microscopy. Twelve embryos were recovered with mean embryo weights increasing from 0·02 ± 0·01 g at Day 27 to 7·56 ± 1·39 g at Day 55 of gestation. Similarly, crown-rump lengths increased from 5·7 ± 0·7 mm to 55·3 ± 5·9 mm over this period. The trophoblast had extended throughout both uterine horns and gastrulation was completed by Day 27. Limb buds were apparent by Day 34, and by Day 48 the phalanges had separated into hooves and dew claws. Plaques were evident on the trophoblast at Day 34 and, by Day 41, placentomes had formed adjacent to the embryo. These placentomes grew in size as pregnancy advanced; by Day 55 most caruncles had formed placentomes. It is therefore conrmed that placentome formation occurs at about the sixth week of gestation. These results indicate that embryo growth and placentome formation in red deer are generally typical of that observed in other ruminants.Extra keyword: caruncle.

Effect of Progesterone Concentration During Follicle Development on Subsequent Ovulation, Fertilization, and Early Embryo Development in Lactating Dairy Cows.

2011 ◽  
Vol 85 (Suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 685-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milo C. Wiltbank ◽  
Paulo D. Carvalho ◽  
Abdulkadir Kaskin ◽  
Katherine Suzanne Hackbart ◽  
Murillo A. Meschiatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Follicle Development ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Early Embryo Development ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

Local influence of the corpus luteum on the ipsilateral oviduct and early embryo development in the ewe

2020 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Graña-Baumgartner ◽  
A. Meikle ◽  
A. Fernández-Foren ◽  
K. Neimaur ◽  
N. Barrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Local Influence ◽  
Early Embryo Development

scholarly journals The effectiveness of prostaglandin nanoparticles in corpus luteum regression

2021 ◽  
Vol 888 (1) ◽  
pp. 012005
Author(s):  
D A Kusumaningrum ◽  
R S Sianturi ◽  
F A Pamungkas ◽  
E Wina
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Ionic Gelation ◽  
Estrus Synchronization ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Hormone Profile ◽  
Hormone Administration ◽  
Follicle Size ◽  
Estrus Response

Abstract Research examined the formation of prostaglandin nanoparticles and their effect on corpus luteum (CL) regression carried out at IRIAP. The nanoparticles formation was carried out using the ionic gelation method. The nanoparticles have a particle size of 316.80±0.14 nm, polydispersion index of 0,453±0,001, zeta potential of +17,40±0,85 mV with 69,69±8.81% hormone entrapment. The effectiveness of nanoparticle in CL regression was observed (prostaglandin vs prostaglandin nanoparticles) using ultrasound observation, hormone profile and estrus response. Further, the size of the ovulating follicle, the time of ovulation, the size of the CL and the onset of estrus after the administration of the prostaglandins were observed. The observation showed that the intramuscular administration of prostaglandin and prostaglandin nanoparticles did not significantly differ on the onset of estrus, time of ovulation, the ovulating follicle size, size of CL and progesterone concentration. The onset of estrus occurred on 2.50 ± 0.58 and 2.33 ± 0.52 days, the ovulation time after hormone administration was on days 3.50 ± 0.55 and 2.83 ± 0.75 with the ovulation follicle size of 16, 62 ± 0.96 and 17.03 ± 1.13 mm, while the CL measures at H-3 were 13.56 ± 2.28 and 10.45 ± 0.88, the progesterone H-2 concentrations were 0.299 and 0.395, respectively for prostaglandin and prostaglandin nanoparticles. It can be concluded that the formation of nanoparticles did not impair the effectiveness of hormones in CL regression so that it can be used to increase the effectiveness of estrus synchronization

scholarly journals Saisonale Einflüsse auf die Konzentration von Progesteron im Blutplasma von Müttern der Rasse Schwarzköpfiges Fleischschaf (Kurzmitteilung)

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-190
Author(s):  
F. Rehbock ◽  
F. Schneider ◽  
S. Zupp ◽  
S. Grumbach
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Progesterone Level ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Black Head

Abstract. Title of the paper: Seasonal influences on blood plasma progesterone concentration in ewes of Black head Mutton sheep breed (short communication) In 71 Black head mutton sheeps on pasturing and housing were determined from the year 1995 to 1997 and there in the period from March to October the concentration of blood progesterone for determination of onset of estrus. The level of blood progesterone reported, on literature also, no cycle on this period. The investigation of 6 of this sheeps with ultrasonography had the result of ovarian activity with follicles from 2 mm to 7 mm in diameter, but no cycle was determined. The progesterone level of minimum and maximum on all years differed from March to beginning of September between 0,33 ng/ml and 2,15 ng/ml blood progesterone, after this to October between 0,82 ng/ml and 4,25 ng/ml blood progesterone. The pregnant sheeps detected blood progesterone concentrations from 5,50 ng/ml to 13,55 ng/ml blood progesterone (twins). The corpus luteum activity may be is prevalent on the blood progesterone level up 2 ng/ml and pregnancy up 5 ng/ml blood progesterone. The detectability of blood progesterone and supplemented ultrasonography of ovary possess the possibility recording of onset cycle activity and early pregnancy diagnosis.

Embryo-derived platelet activating factor: interactions with the arachidonic acid cascade and the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy

1990 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 423 ◽  
Author(s):  
C O'Neill ◽  
X Wells ◽  
K Battye
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Autocrine Growth ◽  
Proinflammatory Response ◽  
Autocrine Growth Factor

Two classes of potent lipid mediators are produced by the mouse and human pre-embryo: platelet activating factor (PAF) and prostaglandins (PGs). This paper reviews the evidence for their production by the pre-embryo and for their role in embryo development and the successful establishment of pregnancy. The biosynthesis of PAF and arachidonic acid may be linked, the synthesis of PAF resulting in the generation of arachidonic acid with its subsequent conversion to prostaglandins. Pharmacological inhibitor studies show that a major site of action of PAF is the embryo itself, acting as an embryonic autocrine growth factor, whereas PGs appear to act primarily on maternal tissues although they do modulate some aspects of early embryo metabolism. It is the maternal tissues that are the primary source of PG production in early pregnancy. Maternal PGs have a variety of functions including involvement in the proinflammatory response of early pregnancy and the control of corpus luteum function. In the ewe, pregnancy is associated with an attenuation of oxytocin-induced production of the luteolysin, prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha). PAF can mimic the effect of pregnancy, preventing the release of PGF2 alpha in response to exogenous oxytocin and, when administered into the uterine lumen, extending the life span of the corpus luteum. Thus, embryo-derived PAF appears to have an essential role in the establishment of pregnancy by acting as an autocrine growth factor for the embryo and by exerting a variety of effects on maternal physiology, including modulating maternal prostaglandin secretion and action.

PROGESTERONE IN THE HUMAN PERIPHERAL BLOOD IN THE PREOVULATORY PERIOD OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE

1967 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benno Runnebaum ◽  
Josef Zander
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Progesterone Secretion ◽  
Graafian Follicle ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

ABSTRACT Progesterone was determined and identified in human peripheral blood during the preovulatory period of the menstrual cycle, by combined isotope derivative and recrystallization analysis. The mean concentration of progesterone in 1.095 ml of plasma obtained 9 days before ovulation was 0.084 μg/100 ml. However, the mean concentration of progesterone in 1.122 ml of plasma obtained 4 days before ovulation was 0.279 μg/100 ml. These data demonstrate a source of progesterone secretion other than the corpus luteum. The higher plasma-progesterone concentration 4 days before ovulation may indicate progesterone secretion of the ripening Graafian follicle of the ovary.

GESTOGENS IN CORPUS LUTEUM OF CATTLE

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIII (III) ◽  
pp. 417-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kristoffersen
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
The Third ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Luteal Tissue ◽  
In Pregnancy

ABSTRACT By means of chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods progesterone and a substance closely similar to 20β-hydroxy-pregn-4-ene-3-one has been detected in luteal tissue from non-pregnant and pregnant cows. In 21 animals quantitative measurements based on a method giving an average net recovery of 56 per cent showed that in pregnancy the average progesterone content in the corpus luteum reached a maximum in the third to fifth month, with low values before and after this period. For 6 nonpregnant cows, the average value was 20.2 μg/g tissue, which is considerably higher than previous values reported in the literature. The relation between these findings and the bovine dependence on a functional corpus luteum in pregnancy is discussed, and it is pointed out that more information about the metabolism of progesterone in cattle is highly desirable.

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