scholarly journals Antimicrobial Stewardship in College and University Health Settings: A Public Health Opportunity

Antibiotics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Kathryn L. Dambrino ◽  
Montgomery Green
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
University Students ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
College And University

Antimicrobial resistance poses a significant threat to public health and safety across the globe. Many factors contribute to antibiotic resistance, most especially are the concerns of excessive prescribing and misuse of antibiotics. Because patient expectations for antibiotics may contribute to prescriber pressures, experts recommend targeting antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) education efforts towards prescribers as well as patients in outpatient settings. Undergraduate university students are a unique and promising target population for AMS efforts because they are in a transformative life stage of social, cognitive, and physical development in which they are learning to independently care for themselves without the presence or influence of parents. By introducing AMS education during this transition, university students may adopt positive antibiotic use behaviors that they will carry throughout their lives. Not only will their personal health be improved, but widespread adoption of AMS in university settings may have a broader effect on public health of present and future generations. Despite public health opportunities, minimal research has examined AMS in university health settings. This article explores current evidence on knowledge, attitudes, and use of antibiotics among university students and discusses opportunities for AMS initiatives in college and university health settings.

scholarly journals Assessing Knowledge and Perception Regarding Antimicrobial Stewardship and Antimicrobial Resistance in University Students of Pakistan: Findings and Implications

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 866
Author(s):  
Iltaf Hussain ◽  
Nisa Yousaf ◽  
Sana Haider ◽  
Pervisha Jalil ◽  
Muhammad Usman Saleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
University Students ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dosing Regimen ◽  
Student Knowledge ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

The irrational use of antimicrobials has enormously contributed to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) globally and especially in the developing world. To assess the knowledge and perception regarding AMR and antimicrobial stewardship (AMS), a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in university students enrolled in pharmacy, veterinary, and biology programs by using an online self-administered questionnaire. The Chi-square and Fisher exact tests (where applicable) were performed to assess the association of the demographics with the students’ knowledge and perception regarding AMR and AMS. A total of 496 students completed the questionnaire, among which, 85.7% of the participants were familiar with the term AMR and 79.4% of the participants correctly identified a poorly designed dosing regimen as a contributing factor towards AMR. The majority of participants (57.9%) were familiar with the term AMS and 86.5% were aware of the aim of AMS. The participants showed good knowledge regarding AMR and AMS, but to further improve student knowledge and perception of AMS and AMR, it is suggested that dedicated modules on antibiotic use and AMS should be incorporated into the curricula of these undergraduate and postgraduate programs.

scholarly journals Assessing Robustness of Antimicrobial Stewardship in Colorado Hospitals and Barriers to Improvement

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
pp. s15-s15
Author(s):  
Daniel Dodson ◽  
Matthew Kronman ◽  
Sarah Parker ◽  
Christopher Czaja
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Audit And Feedback ◽  
Defined Daily Dose ◽  
Health Departments ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Public Health Departments ◽  
Core Elements

Background: Adherence to core elements of antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) is increasing nationally but the robustness of programs and inclusion of pediatrics is poorly understood. We describe the details of ASP in Colorado hospitals and identify steps by which academic centers and public health departments can assist community ASPs. Methods: We invited ASP leaders at the 102 acute-care hospitals (ACHs) and critical-access hospitals (CAHs) in Colorado to participate in a web-based survey regarding their ASPs. Questions related to adherence to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) core elements, barriers to improvement, desired resources, and extension to pediatrics. Enrollment began in August 2020. Hospital types were compared using the Fisher exact test. Results: As of January 1, 2021, 31 hospitals (30% of targeted hospitals) completed the web-based survey including 19 ACH and 12 CAH. Hospitals were distributed across the state. Median number of beds was 52 (range, 11–680). Of the responding hospitals, 87% were adherent to all CDC core elements. However, if action was defined as prospective audit and feedback or prior authorization, tracking was defined as measuring antibiotic use in days of therapy (DOT) or defined daily dose (DDD) quarterly, and reporting was defined as providing unit- or provider-specific antibiotic use reports annually. Overall adherence fell to 35% including 81% for action, 58% for tracking, and 58% for reporting. CAHs were less likely to adhere to these strict criteria than ACHs (Figure 1). In the 27 hospitals (87% of hospitals) caring for pediatric patients, adherence to a strict action for at least 1 pediatric population was 59%. Reported barriers to improved ASP were available time and personnel, information technology support, perceived concerns about provider attitudes, and education gaps (Figure 2). CAHs were less likely to use the NHSN antibiotic use or resistance modules or have a data analyst than ACHs (Figure 3). Pediatric pharmacy expertise and guidelines were often not available in hospitals caring for pediatric patients. Desired ASP resources included assistance with data analysis, access to stewardship expertise and education, and treatment guidelines, including for pediatrics. Conclusions: Adherence to CDC core elements of an ASP was excellent but fell dramatically when stricter criteria were used and was worse in pediatric patients. Academic centers and public health departments can assist community hospitals by providing educational resources, assistance in analyzing data including using the NHSN ED: /AR modules, and ASP expertise and clinical care guidelines including those for pediatrics.Funding: NoDisclosures: None

scholarly journals 125. Antimicrobial Stewardship Hospital Activities to Promote Antibiotic Awareness Week 2019, Chicago, IL

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S175-S176
Author(s):  
Amy P Hanson ◽  
Kelly Walblay ◽  
Elizabeth Shane ◽  
Shannon N Xydis ◽  
Massimo Pacilli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Acute Care Hospital ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Provider Education ◽  
Electronic Data Capture System ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
Planned Activities

Abstract Background U.S. Antibiotic Awareness Week (USAAW) is an annual campaign to increase knowledge of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threats and the importance of appropriate antibiotic use. USAAW will be observed November 18-24, 2021 in cadence with World Antimicrobial Awareness Week. Methods In October 2019, the Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH) surveyed 25 Chicago acute care hospital (ACH) antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) via REDCap, an electronic data capture system, to assess their planned activities for USAAW in November 2019. Survey results from 14 (56%) respondent ACHs were collated and disseminated to all 25 ACHs prior to USAAW. Results ACH ASP survey responses were categorized by ACH size: smaller hospitals (SH) < 350 beds (n=7) and larger hospitals (LH) > 350 beds (n=7) and displayed in the Table. Nine respondents were Infectious Disease (ID) Pharmacists, 3 were ID Physicians, 1 was an Administrator and 1 was an Infection Prevention Nurse. Among SHs, the ASP was funded for an ID Pharmacist salaried position (FTE) < 0.5 at 4 ACHs, 0.5 in 2, and 1 FTE at 1 ACH. LHs reported ID Pharmacist funding ranging from < 0.5 – 2.5 FTE, with the majority with 1 FTE at 3 LHs. All ACHs reported 0.5 FTE or less ID Physician support for their ASPs. Eleven (79%) of respondent ACHs did not report an annual budget for ASP activities. Ten (71%) ACHs disagreed or strongly disagreed that funding was adequate in the outpatient setting compared to inpatient both for adult and pediatric ASP services. Types of planned activities for USAAW included social media posts, provider education, digital displays, and/or go-live with a new antimicrobial policy. Top three barriers to ASP advancements were financial considerations (n=9), competing responsibilities for ASP leads (n=7), and tied for third was personnel shortages (n=6) and other clinical initiatives with higher priority (n=6). Conclusion Public Health Departments can facilitate assessment of ACH ASPs within their jurisdiction to identify ways to advance the ASP agenda and combat AMR. A variety of strategies were used by Chicago ACHs to promote ASP initiatives during USAAW. Challenges continue with inadequate funding, especially in outpatient settings. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Association between Awareness on Antibiotic Resistance and Antibiotic Misuse Among Saudi University Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 545-554
Author(s):  
Ahmed Yousef Bu-Khamsin ◽  
Eduardo Fabella ◽  
Ali Habib Al Abdullah ◽  
Murtadha Radhi Albather ◽  
Yasser Taher Al-Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
University Students ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Survey Responses

Background: Saudi Arabia has the highest prevalence of resistant pathogens in the Gulf Region, with a rapid increase in antibiotic resistance seen in recent years. Misuse is common despite laws prohibiting dispensing antibiotics without prescription. This study was conducted to determine the association between awareness of antibiotic resistance and antibiotic misuse among Saudi university students. Specifically, it aimed to determine the proportion of university students who were aware of antibiotic resistance, the proportion of university students who were aware that antibiotic resistance is a public health problem, the prevalence of antibiotic misuse among university students, and the association between awareness and antibiotic misuse. Methods: The study utilized an analytic cross-sectional design. By using a self-administrated survey, responses on awareness of antibiotic resistance as well as antibiotic use among bachelor students were obtained. Two-stage stratified cluster sampling was conducted to select the required 825 participants. Epi Info® version 7 was used to estimate the proportion of students who were aware of antibiotic resistance as well as the proportion of students who misused antibiotics. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between awareness of antibiotic resistance and antibiotic use. Results: Over 75% of university students were aware of antibiotic resistance (95% CI: 72.09% - 77.98%), while 54.67% (95% CI: 51.26% - 58.03%) were aware that antibiotic resistance is a public health problem. Nearly 67% misused antibiotics (95% CI: 63.63% - 70.04%) with failure to follow the prescribed number of days of antibiotic therapy and using leftover antibiotics as the most common forms of misuse. Students who were aware of antibiotic resistance were 27.96% less likely to misuse antibiotics (OR = 0.7204, p = 0.0642). Those who were aware that antibiotic resistance is a public health problem were 51.32% less likely to misuse antibiotics (OR = 0.4868, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Awareness of antibiotic resistance is associated with lower antibiotic misuse. Education campaigns on the consequences of inappropriate antibiotic use and the development of antibiotic resistance should be intensified.

scholarly journals Uniform Guideline on Risk Characterization for Approval of Mass Gatherings

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (s1) ◽  
pp. s174-s174
Author(s):  
Vincent Pot ◽  
Johan de Cock ◽  
Jan van Leeuwen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
National Guideline ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Major Incident ◽  
Mass Gatherings ◽  
Regional Public Health

Introduction:Mass gatherings may have far-reaching effects on medical care because of the potential high load on the health care system. In preparation of large events (mass gatherings), such as music festivals or marathons, an extended risk assessment forms the basis for issuing advice on health and safety and possible necessary precautionary measures. In the Netherlands, the 25 regional Public Health Directors are responsible for public health and safety. This includes responsibility for advice on large-scale events, based on which the local authorities (e.g. the mayor) decide on the approval. Health care professionals are looking for better tools with regard to the arising dilemmas around responsibilities and risks. Also, as new forms of events are created, uniform (safety) regulations are lacking. GGD GHOR Netherlands (Dutch Society of the regional Public Health Services [GGD] and Major Incident Medical Planning and Coordination Offices [GHOR]) has updated the existing national guideline in collaboration with the Academic Network for Applied Public Health and Emergency Management (Anaphem). The focus was on improving the guideline by including all current expertise and experience in the field.Methods:Various expert sessions were held in 2017 and 2018 to collect all relevant knowledge, evidence, and experience that is currently accessible to develop an improved uniform approach for risk assessment and process steps.Results:A new dynamic national guideline, including factsheets in various topics being effective by 2019. As a result, a list of topics is formulated for further research.Discussion:The new guideline includes the current knowledge and raised awareness among the experts of some important gaps in current evidence on several topics.

The Ethics of Fecal Microbiota Transplant as a Tool for Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas S. Murray ◽  
Jennifer Herbst
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Clinical Indication ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplant ◽  
Health Threat ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Organisms ◽  
Public Health Threat

Multidrug resistant organisms (MDROs) are a public health threat that have reduced the effectiveness of many available antibiotics. Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) have been tasked with reducing antibiotic use and therefore the emergence of MDROs. While fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) has been proposed as therapy to reduce patient colonization of MDROs, this will require additional evidence to support an expansion of the current clinical indication for FMT. This article discusses the evidence and ethics of the expanded utilization of FMT by ASPs for reasons other than severe recurrent or refractory Clostridioides (formerly Clostridium) difficile infection.

scholarly journals Pharmacy Students’ Knowledge and Perceptions about Antimicrobial Stewardship

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nehad J Ahmed ◽  
Khalil Y Abujheisha ◽  
Mohamed F. Balaha
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Background Knowledge ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Global Public Health

Introduction: Antibiotic resistance is considered one of the serious threats to global public health. Antimicrobial stewardship programs should be implemented by all hospitals to improve antimicrobial use. It is important that pharmacy students have a sound knowledge of antimicrobial stewardship. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine pharmacy students’ knowledge and perceptions about antimicrobial stewardship. Methodology: The study included a questionnaire that was used to assess the background knowledge of pharmacy students and their perceptions on antimicrobial stewardship. Results and Discussion: Out of 103 students who completed the survey, 25 students (24.27%) reported that they know what antimicrobial Stewardship is, and only 39 students were familiar with antimicrobial stewardship programs in Saudi Arabia. Most of the students (95.14%) reported that they need more antimicrobial stewardship training. Conclusion: Our results, therefore, recommend that pharmacy students should have more training on bacterial resistance, antibiotic use and antimicrobial stewardship.

Re-conceptualizing Machiavellianism and Social-Cognitive Skills

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
William Hart ◽  
Christopher J. Breeden ◽  
Charlotte Kinrade
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Person Perception ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Skill ◽  
Prediction Skill ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
College Sample ◽  
Social Prediction

Abstract. Machiavellianism is presumed to encompass advanced social-cognitive skill, but research has generally suggested that Machiavellian individuals are rather deficient in social-cognitive skill. However, previous research on the matter has been limited to measures of (a) Machiavellianism that are unidimensional and saturated with both antagonism and disinhibition and measures (b) only one type of social-cognitive skill. Using a large college sample ( N = 461), we examined how various dimensions of Machiavellianism relate to two types of social-cognitive skill: person-perception skill and general social prediction skill. Consistent with some prior theorizing, the planful dimension of Machiavellianism was positively related to both person-perception and general social prediction skills; antagonistic dimensions of Machiavellianism were negatively related to both skills; either agentic or cynical dimensions of Machiavellianism were generally unrelated to both skills. Overall, the current evidence suggests a complicated relationship between Machiavellianism and social-cognitive skill because Machiavellianism encompasses features that blend deficiency, proficiency, and average levels of social-cognitive skills.

Gender Differences in Entrepreneurial Attitude & Intentions among university Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-200
Author(s):  
Ilham Hassan Fathelrahman Mansour
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
University Students ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
New Venture ◽  
Venture Creation ◽  
New Business ◽  
Future Data ◽  
The University

This empirical study aims at assessing the attitudes, perception and intention of university students towards entrepreneurship and new venture creation with a focus on gender differences in entrepreneurial perceptions and intentions to start new business in the future. Data were collected using a questionnaire-based survey of 350 students at the University of Khartoum in Sudan. The target population was the students in the final year in the University of Khartoum. The stratified sampling technique was used to select the sample size because the population consisted of a number of subgroups that differed in their characteristics. The results showed significant differences between genders in entrepreneurial intentions and its antecedents. Thus, it is important that customized approaches based on gender are needed for developing entrepreneurial intentions among college students.

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