scholarly journals Nisin Influence on the Antimicrobial Resistance Ability of Canine Oral Enterococci

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 890
Author(s):  
Eva Cunha ◽  
Rita Janela ◽  
Margarida Costa ◽  
Luís Tavares ◽  
Ana Salomé Veiga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
Selective Pressure ◽  
Vana Gene ◽  
Selection Window ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Profile ◽  
Mutant Prevention Concentration ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate

Periodontal disease (PD) is one of the most common diseases in dogs. Although previous studies have shown the potential of the antimicrobial peptide nisin for PD control, there is no information regarding its influence in the development of antimicrobial resistance or horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Nisin’s mutant prevention concentration (MPC) and selection window (MSW) were determined for a collection of canine oral enterococci. Isolates recovered after the determination of the MPC values were characterized for their antimicrobial profile and its nisin minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations. The potential of vanA HGT between Enterococcus faecium CCGU36804 and nine clinical canine staphylococci and enterococci was evaluated. Nisin MPC values ranged from 400 to more than 600 μg/mL. In comparison with the original enterococci collection, the isolates recovered after the determination of the nisin MPC showed increased resistance towards amoxicillin/clavulanate (5%), vancomycin (5%), enrofloxacin (10%), gentamicin (10%) and imipenem (15%). The HGT of vanA gene was not observed. This work showed that nisin selective pressure may induce changes in the bacteria’s antimicrobial resistance profile but does not influence horizontal transfer of vanA gene. To our knowledge, this is the first report of nisin’s MPC and MSW determination regarding canine enterococci.

Antimicrobial resistance: its emergence and transmission

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Boerlin ◽  
Richard J. Reid-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
Dna Sequencing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mutant Selection ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Selection Window ◽  
Integrative Conjugative Elements

AbstractNew concepts have emerged in the past few years that help us to better understand the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). These include, among others, the discovery of the mutator state and the concept of mutant selection window for resistances emerging primarily through mutations in existing genes. Our understanding of horizontal gene transfer has also evolved significantly in the past few years, and important new mechanisms of AMR transfer have been discovered, including, among others, integrative conjugative elements and ISCR(insertionsequences withcommonregions) elements. Simultaneously, large-scale studies have helped us to start comprehending the immense and yet untapped reservoir of both AMR genes and mobile genetic elements present in the environment. Finally, new PCR- and DNA sequencing-based techniques are being developed that will allow us to better understand the epidemiology of classical vectors of AMR genes, such as plasmids, and to monitor them in a more global and systematic way.

scholarly journals Determination of MIC, MPC, and MSW of Ilex paraguariensis Against Non-Typhoidal Salmonella with Identification of the Mechanisms of Resistance and Pathogenicity Factors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled El Khatib ◽  
Ribal Aby Hadeer ◽  
Anis Saad ◽  
Aline Kalaydjian ◽  
Elie Fayad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ilex Paraguariensis ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Mutant Selection ◽  
Selection Window ◽  
Mutant Prevention Concentration ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Different Strains

Abstract Objective: This study investigated the antibacterial activity of Ilex paraguariensis extracts against 32 different strains of non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) through the determination of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Mutant Prevention Concentration (MPC), Mutant Selection Window (MSW), and the detection of virulence genes by multiplex PCR assays. Results: The MIC values of Ilex paraguariensis against Salmonella spp. strains varied between 0.78 mg/ml and 6.25 mg/ml with a MIC 90 of 3.12 mg/ml. The highest MPC in this study was 48 mg/ml yielding a Mutant Selection Window of 41.75 mg/ml. The MSW values of the remaining strains varied between 1.56 and 8.87 mg/ml. Genes of pathogenicity detected in Salmonella spp. isolates were most commonly the stn, sdiA, invA, sopB, invH, and sopE genes. The antibacterial activity of Yerba Mate extracts was not affected by the antimicrobial resistance patterns or pathogenicity genes expressed. More work is needed to identify the active antibacterial compound(s) responsible for the antibacterial activity.

scholarly journals Zoonotic Significance and Antimicrobial Resistance in Salmonella in Poultry in Bangladesh for the Period of 2011–2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-24
Author(s):  
Md. Jannat Hossain ◽  
Youssef Attia ◽  
Fatimah Muhammad Ballah ◽  
Md. Saiful Islam ◽  
Md. Abdus Sobur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Foodborne Illness ◽  
The Status ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Effective Drugs

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Salmonella in poultry poses a serious human health threat as it has zoonotic importance. Poultry is often linked with outbreaks of Salmonella-associated foodborne illness. Since antimicrobials are heavily used in poultry in Bangladesh, multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella is quite frequently found there. MDR Salmonella is challenging to treat with antimicrobials and often causes a severe economic loss in the poultry sector. By horizontal gene transfer and/or evolutionary mutations, antimicrobials primarily exert selection pressure that contributes to antimicrobials resistance. In addition, resistance patterns can vary with variations in time and space. Without having prior knowledge of resistance patterns, no effective drugs could be prescribed. Therefore, it is crucial to have updated knowledge on the status of AMR in Salmonella in Bangladesh for effective treatment and management of the flocks against salmonellosis. There are several review articles on AMR in Salmonella in poultry in Bangladesh; they lack the whole scenario of the country and particularly do not have enough data on the poultry environment. Considering this scenario, in this review, we have focused on AMR in Salmonella in poultry in Bangladesh (2011–2021), with particular emphasis on data from the poultry and farm environments on a divisional zone basis.

scholarly journals Dissemination of Antimicrobial Resistance in Microbial Ecosystems through Horizontal Gene Transfer

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian J. H. von Wintersdorff ◽  
John Penders ◽  
Julius M. van Niekerk ◽  
Nathan D. Mills ◽  
Snehali Majumder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
Microbial Ecosystems

scholarly journals Detection of Salmonella spp. in exotic pigeons of North Kerala and its antibiogram

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijo John ◽  
Lijo John ◽  
Lijo John ◽  
Lijo John ◽  
Lijo John
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Important Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Profile ◽  
Disk Diffusion Assay ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽  
Diffusion Assay ◽  
Pigeon Breeding

Pigeon breeding has transformed from being a mere hobby to becoming established as an industry. The increased trade of pigeons inadvertently invites the risk of dissemination of infections including zoonoses like salmonellosis. Pigeons once infected remain carriers for life. This coupled with the ability of the organism to acquire antimicrobial resistance makes salmonellosis, particularly from pigeons an important, public health risk for pigeon handlers. Cloacal swabs from a total of 200 exotic pigeons belonging to 24 lofts from Northern districts of Kerala were collected and attempted to isolate Salmonella and understand its antimicrobial resistance profile. Five isolates of salmonella could be obtained from four of the lofts studied. A prevalence of 2.5 per cent was identified for salmonellosis with 16.67 per cent of the lofts affected. Antimicrobial sensitivity based on disk diffusion assay revealed that all the five isolates were sensitive to amoxicillin-clavulanate and all were resistant to tetracycline and streptomycin. Sixty per cent of the isolates were sensitive to co-trimoxazole, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, cefoperazone, amikacin and gentamicin.

scholarly journals Horizontal gene transfer contributes to virulence and antibiotic resistance of Vibrio harveyi 345 based on complete genome sequence analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiqin Deng ◽  
Haidong Xu ◽  
Youlu Su ◽  
Songlin Liu ◽  
Liwen Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Vibrio Harveyi

Abstract Background Horizontal gene transfer (HGT), which is affected by environmental pollution and climate change, promotes genetic communication, changing bacterial pathogenicity and drug resistance. However, few studies have been conducted on the effect of HGT on the high pathogenicity and drug resistance of the opportunistic pathogen Vibrio harveyi .Results V. harveyi 345 that was multidrug resistant and infected Epinephelus oanceolutus was isolated from a diseased organism in Shenzhen, Southern China, an important and contaminated aquaculture area. Analysis of the entire genome sequence predicted 5,678 genes including 487 virulence genes contributing to bacterial pathogenesis and 25 antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) contributing to antimicrobial resistance. Five ARGs ( tetm , tetb , qnrs , dfra17 , and sul2 ) and one virulence gene (CU052_28670) on the pAQU-type plasmid p345-185, provided direct evidence for HGT. Comparative genome analysis of 31 V. harveyi strains indicated that 217 genes and 7 gene families, including a class C beta-lactamase gene, a virulence-associated protein D gene, and an OmpA family protein gene were specific to strain V. harveyi 345. These genes could contribute to HGT or be horizontally transferred from other bacteria to enhance the virulence or antibiotic resistance of 345. Mobile genetic elements in 71 genomic islands encoding virulence factors for three type III secretion proteins and 13 type VI secretion system proteins, and two incomplete prophage sequences were detected that could be HGT transfer tools. Evaluation of the complete genome of V. harveyi 345 and comparative genomics indicated genomic exchange, especially exchange of pathogenic genes and drug-resistance genes by HGT contributing to pathogenicity and drug resistance. Climate change and continued environmental deterioration are expected to accelerate the HGT of V. harveyi , increasing its pathogenicity and drug resistance.Conclusion This study provides timely information for further analysis of V. harveyi pathogenesis and antimicrobial resistance and developing pollution control measurements for coastal areas.

scholarly journals Exploring Antibiotic Susceptibility, Resistome and Mobilome Structure of Planctomycetes from Gemmataceae Family

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5031
Author(s):  
Anastasia A. Ivanova ◽  
Kirill K. Miroshnikov ◽  
Igor Y. Oshkin
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Large Genome ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
The Family ◽  
Terrestrial Environments ◽  
Environmental Bacteria

The family Gemmataceae accomodates aerobic, chemoorganotrophic planctomycetes with large genome sizes, is mostly distributed in freshwater and terrestrial environments. However, these bacteria have recently also been found in locations relevant to human health. Since the antimicrobial resistance genes (AMR) from environmental resistome have the potential to be transferred to pathogens, it is essential to explore the resistant capabilities of environmental bacteria. In this study, the reconstruction of in silico resistome was performed for all nine available gemmata genomes. Furthermore, the genome of the newly isolated yet-undescribed strain G18 was sequenced and added to all analyses steps. Selected genomes were screened for the presence of mobile genetic elements. The flanking location of mobilizable genomic milieu around the AMR genes was of particular interest since such colocalization may appear to promote the horizontal gene transfer (HGT) events. Moreover the antibiotic susceptibility profile of six phylogenetically distinct strains of Gemmataceae planctomycetes was determined.

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