scholarly journals Evidence of Polyphenols Efficacy against Dry Eye Disease

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
Gaia Favero ◽  
Enrico Moretti ◽  
Kristína Krajčíková ◽  
Vladimíra Tomečková ◽  
Rita Rezzani
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Ophthalmic Drug

Dry eye disease is a multifactorial pathology compromising the quality of life of patients, resulting in significant damage of the ocular surface and discomfort. The current therapeutical strategies are not able to definitively resolve the underlying causes and stop the symptoms. Polyphenols are promising natural molecules that are receiving increasing attention for their activity/effects in counteracting the main pathologic mechanisms of dry eye disease and reducing its symptoms. In the present review, a deep literature search focusing on the main polyphenols tested against dry eye disease was conducted, analyzing related in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies to provide a comprehensive and current review on the state of the art. Polyphenols present multiple effects against dry eye diseases-related ocular surface injury. In particular, the observed beneficial effects of polyphenols on corneal cells are the reduction of the pathological processes of inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis and modulation of the tear film. Due to numerous studies reporting that polyphenols are effective and safe for treating the pathological mechanisms of this ocular surface disease, we believe that future studies should confirm and extend the evidence of polyphenols efficacy in clinical practice against dry eye disease and help to develop new ophthalmic drug(s).

scholarly journals Polydatin Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome in Dry Eye Disease by Attenuating Oxidative Stress and Inhibiting the NF-κB Pathway

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bongkyun Park ◽  
Kyuhyung Jo ◽  
Tae Gu Lee ◽  
Soo-Wang Hyun ◽  
Jin Sook Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Cell Loss ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Induced Changes

Polydatin (also named pieceid, (E)-piceid, (E)-polydatin, trans-polydatin, or 3,5,4’-trihydroxystilbene-3-b-D-glucoside) is a monocrystalline compound isolated from the root and rhizome of Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc. (Polygonaceae). A previous study showed that polydatin has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the effect of polydatin in dry eye disease (DED) has not been elucidated. DED rat models were induced by exorbital lacrimal gland-excision. In vivo, the present study showed that the excision of lacrimal glands induced changes such as reduced tear fluid, severe corneal irregularity, damage, tear film break, and goblet cell loss as well as increased inflammation cytokine and NLRP3 expression in conjunctival tissue. However, these changes were restored by polydatin eye dropping. In vitro, polydatin inhibited hyperosmolar stress-induced inflammation through attenuation of the translocation of NF-κB to the nucleus and the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and MMP9. In addition, the hyperosmolar stress-induced NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and ROS production were inhibited by polydatin. Our findings provided insight into the effect of polydatin as a candidate reagent for the treatment of DED.

scholarly journals Tear Proteomics Study of Dry Eye Disease: Which Eye Do You Adopt as the Representative Eye for the Study?

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 422
Author(s):  
Ming-Tse Kuo ◽  
Po-Chiung Fang ◽  
Shu-Fang Kuo ◽  
Alexander Chen ◽  
Yu-Ting Huang
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Mechanistic Studies ◽  
Clinical Tests ◽  
Tear Proteins ◽  
Proteomic Data ◽  
Surface Performance

Most studies about dry eye disease (DED) chose unilateral eye for investigation and drew conclusions based on monocular results, whereas most studies involving tear proteomics were based on the results of pooling tears from a group of DED patients. Patients with DED were consecutively enrolled for binocular clinical tests, tear biochemical markers of DED, and tear proteome. We found that bilateral eyes of DED patients may have similar but different ocular surface performance and tear proteome. Most ocular surface homeostatic markers and tear biomarkers were not significantly different in the bilateral eyes of DED subjects, and most clinical parameters and tear biomarkers were correlated significantly between bilateral eyes. However, discrepant binocular presentation in the markers of ocular surface homeostasis and the associations with tear proteins suggested that one eye’s performance cannot represent that of the other eye or both eyes. Therefore, in studies for elucidating tear film homeostasis of DED, we may lose some important messages hidden in the fellow eye if we collected clinical and proteomic data only from a unilateral eye. For mechanistic studies, it is recommended that researchers collect tear samples from the eye with more severe DED under sensitive criteria for identifying the more severe eye and evaluating the tear biochemical and proteomic markers with binocular concordance drawn in prior binocular studies.

scholarly journals Apigenin ameliorates ocular surface lesions in a rat model of dry eye disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 205873921881868
Author(s):  
Limei Liu ◽  
Dongdong Wei ◽  
Hongkun Xu ◽  
Changhui Liu
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha

To study the effects of apigenin on dry eye disease (DED) in rats. Rats were divided into six groups: (I) normal control group, (II) DED control group, (III) vehicle control group, (IV) DED + apigenin 10 mg/kg, (V) DED + apigenin 20 mg/kg, and (VI) DED + apigenin 50 mg/kg. Schirmer test, tear film break-up time (BUT), and corneal fluorescein staining were used to evaluate the effects of apigenin on the ocular surface. The related inflammatory cytokines were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Histopathological examination and inflammatory index were also performed. The results showed that administration of apigenin was shown a significant effect on the recovery of ocular surface function. Compared to the control group, apigenin treatment in DED rats significantly decreased the level of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6); however, the interleukin-10 (IL-10) level was increased. Histopathological examination further verified the anti-inflammatory effects of apigenin on DED rats. The results demonstrated that apigenin could protect DED rats via inhibition of inflammation, suggesting that it may have potential as a therapy for DED.

scholarly journals Manganese(III) tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphyrin, a superoxide dismutase mimetic, reduces disease severity in in vitro and in vivo models for dry-eye disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnė Žiniauskaitė ◽  
Symantas Ragauskas ◽  
Anita K. Ghosh ◽  
Rubina Thapa ◽  
Anne E. Roessler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
In Vivo Models

scholarly journals Diagnostic Procedures and Management of Dry Eye

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snježana Kaštelan ◽  
Martina Tomić ◽  
Jasminka Salopek-Rabatić ◽  
Branko Novak
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Systematic Classification ◽  
Contact Lens Wear ◽  
Potential Damage

Dry eye disease or dysfunctional tear syndrome is among the most frequent diagnoses in ophthalmology. It is a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface and tear film which results in ocular discomfort, visual disturbances, and tear instability with potential damage to the cornea and conjunctiva. Risk factors for dry eye syndrome include age, sex (female gender), race, contact lens wear, environment with low humidity, systemic medications, and autoimmune disorders. The aim of this paper is to present the systematic classification, epidemiology, diagnostic procedures, and advances in the management of dry eye disease. The recent improvements in comprehending the underlying etiologic factors will inevitably improve future classifications and diagnostic abilities leading to more effective therapeutic options. Treatment of this highly prevalent condition can drastically improve the quality of life of individuals and prevent damage to the ocular surface.

Expression of CCR5 and Its Ligands CCL3, -4, and -5 in the Tear Film and Ocular Surface of Patients with Dry Eye Disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Won Choi ◽  
Zhengri Li ◽  
Han-Jin Oh ◽  
Seong-Kyu Im ◽  
Seung-Hyun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease

scholarly journals Tear Film – Physiology and Disturbances in Various Diseases and Disorders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Kopacz ◽  
Łucja Niezgoda ◽  
Ewa Fudalej ◽  
Anna Nowak ◽  
Piotr Maciejewicz
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Fluid Layer ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Immune Protection ◽  
Topical Medications

The tear film is a thin fluid layer covering the ocular surface. It is responsible for ocular surface comfort, mechanical, environmental and immune protection, epithelial health and it forms smooth refractive surface for vision. The traditional description of the tear film divides it into three layers: lipid, aqueous and mucin. The role of each layer depends on the composition of it. Tear production, evaporation, absorption and drainage concur to dynamic balance of the tear film and leads to its integrity and stability. Nonetheless, this stability can be disturb in tear film layers deficiencies, defective spreading of the tear film, in some general diseases and during application of some general and/or topical medications. Dry eye disease is the result of it. In this review not only physiology of the tear film is presented. Moreover, we would like to discuss the influence of various diseases and conditions on the tear film and contrarily, spotlight tear film disorders as a manifestation of those diseases.

scholarly journals The Effect of Tear Film Quality on Protective Properties against SARS-CoV-2 and on Further Risks of Infection in Dry Eye Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
E. S. Protsenko ◽  
◽  
N. A. Remnyova ◽  
N. V. Panchenko
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Tear Fluid ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
The World

SARS-CoV-2 is a new coronavirus causing global pandemic COVID-19 throughout the world, the clinical manifestations of which may include not only respiratory syndrome and systemic manifestations, but also eye symptoms. The purpose of the study. This study processed and presented to the scientific community the latest scientific evidence from the world literature regarding the effect of tear film quality on protective properties against SARS-CoV-2 and on further risks of COVID-19 infection in dry eye disease. Many studies have proven the presence of ACE2 as well as TMPRSS2 expression in the conjunctival and corneal epithelium and detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the tear fluid of infected patients, which indicates the ocular tissue tropism to the virus and its possible transmission through the ocular surface. The detection of SARS-CoV-2 in conjunctival or tear samples may depend on viral load and secretion, as well as on sampling time during the course of the disease. It has been suggested that SARS-CoV-2 is prone to exist on the surface of the eye in the early stages of conjunctivitis, and the viral load decreases after a few days. However, cases of virus detection without conjunctivitis may indicate that SARS-CoV-2 can cause latent and asymptomatic infection. With the introduction of protective anti-epidemic measures such as protective masks, the rapid increase and progression of dry eye disease has begun, which leads to decreased ocular surface immune mechanisms, and could potentially increase the risks of SARS-CoV-2 virus transmission. The mechanisms of protection of the healthy ocular surface and possible ways to combat SARS-CoV-2 were reviewed. And the potential causes of increased ocular surface infections during a pandemic were also shown. Through wearing of protective masks, there is additional dispersion of air around the eyes and accelerated evaporation of tear fluid with its thinning and rupture, which contributes to the progression of the prevalence of dry eye disease. The information confirmed by research has already appeared in the literature. This ocular surface condition has been defined by the term "MADE" – dry eye associated with wearing a mask. Dry eye disease, in turn, is a multifactorial ocular surface disease that results in tear film instability, hyperosmolar stress, and a cascade of inflammatory responses. This initiates ocular surface damage, impaired immune status, pathological apoptosis of conjunctival and corneal cells, and loss of basic protective function. Conclusion. Thus, given the obvious decrease in the immune defense mechanisms of the ocular surface in dry eye disease, which is a vulnerable place for virus penetration, this area deserves further in-depth study

scholarly journals Development of Lactoferrin-Loaded Liposomes for the Management of Dry Eye Disease and Ocular Inflammation

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1698
Author(s):  
Ana López-Machado ◽  
Natalia Díaz-Garrido ◽  
Amanda Cano ◽  
Marta Espina ◽  
Josefa Badia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Visual Disturbance ◽  
Nasolacrimal Duct ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Lipid Film ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Dry eye disease (DED) is a high prevalent multifactorial disease characterized by a lack of homeostasis of the tear film which causes ocular surface inflammation, soreness, and visual disturbance. Conventional ophthalmic treatments present limitations such as low bioavailability and side effects. Lactoferrin (LF) constitutes a promising therapeutic tool, but its poor aqueous stability and high nasolacrimal duct drainage hinder its potential efficacy. In this study, we incorporate lactoferrin into hyaluronic acid coated liposomes by the lipid film method, followed by high pressure homogenization. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles were evaluated in vitro and ex vivo. Cytotoxicity and ocular tolerance were assayed both in vitro and in vivo using New Zealand rabbits, as well as dry eye and anti-inflammatory treatments. LF loaded liposomes showed an average size of 90 nm, monomodal population, positive surface charge and a high molecular weight protein encapsulation of 53%. Biopharmaceutical behaviour was enhanced by the nanocarrier, and any cytotoxic effect was studied in human corneal epithelial cells. Developed liposomes revealed the ability to reverse dry eye symptoms and possess anti-inflammatory efficacy, without inducing ocular irritation. Hence, lactoferrin loaded liposomes could offer an innovative nanotechnological tool as suitable approach in the treatment of DED.

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