scholarly journals Plant Foods Rich in Antioxidants and Human Cognition: A Systematic Review

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 714
Author(s):  
Luciana Baroni ◽  
Anna Rita Sarni ◽  
Cristina Zuliani
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Cognitive Assessments ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Plant Foods ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
System Integrity ◽  
Plant Antioxidants ◽  
The Impact

Oxidative stress can compromise central nervous system integrity, thereby affecting cognitive ability. Consumption of plant foods rich in antioxidants could thereby protect cognition. We systematically reviewed the literature exploring the effects of antioxidant-rich plant foods on cognition. Thirty-one studies were included: 21 intervention, 4 cross-sectional (one with a cohort in prospective observation as well), and 6 prospective studies. Subjects belonged to various age classes (young, adult, and elderly). Some subjects examined were healthy, some had mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and some others were demented. Despite the different plant foods and the cognitive assessments used, the results can be summarized as follows: 7 studies reported a significant improvement in all cognitive domains examined; 19 found significant improvements only in some cognitive areas, or only for some food subsets; and 5 showed no significant improvement or no effectiveness. The impact of dietary plant antioxidants on cognition appears promising: most of the examined studies showed associations with significant beneficial effects on cognitive functions—in some cases global or only in some specific domains. There was typically an acute, preventive, or therapeutic effect in young, adult, and elderly people, whether they were healthy, demented, or affected by MCI. Their effects, however, are not attributable only to anti-oxidation.

scholarly journals Glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in growth hormone-transgenic mice: a cross-sectional analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 391 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravneet K. Boparai ◽  
Oge Arum ◽  
Romesh Khardori ◽  
Andrzej Bartke
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Endocrine Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Systematic Assessment ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Glucose Stimulated Insulin Secretion ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In contrast to its stimulatory effects on musculature, bone, and organ development, and its lipolytic effects, growth hormone (GH) opposes insulin effects on glucose metabolism. Chronic GH overexposure is thought to result in insulin insensitivity and decreased blood glucose homeostatic control. Yet, despite the importance of this concept for basic biology, as well as human conditions of GH excess or deficiency, no systematic assessment of the impact of GH over- expression on glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity has been conducted. We report that male and female adult GH transgenic mice have enhanced glucose tolerance compared to littermate controls and this effect is not dependent on age or on the particular heterologous GH transgene used. Furthermore, increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, augmented insulin sensitivity, and muted gluconeogenesis were also observed in bovine GH overexpressing mice. These results show that markedly increased systemic GH concentration in GH-transgenic mice exerts unexpected beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis, presumably via a compensatory increase in insulin release. The counterintuitive nature of these results challenges previously held presumptions of the physiology of these mice and other states of GH overexpression or suppression. In addition, they pose intriguing queries about the relationships between GH, endocrine control of metabolism, and aging.

scholarly journals The potential interaction of statins and clopidogrel in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-119
Author(s):  
Ibrahim et al. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Potential Interaction ◽  
Cardiac Events ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Adverse Cardiac Events ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary ◽  
The Impact

Clopidogrel is widely used for patients with acute coronary syndrome. It is a pro-drug that requires bioactivation by several cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, mainly CYP3A4, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 enzymes. Lipophilic statins such as atorvastatin are used concomitantly with clopidogrel due to their beneficial effects on morbidity and mortality in the arena of cardiovascular diseases. However, lipophilic statins are eliminated by CYP3A4 and undergo the same metabolic pathway of clopidogrel. Hence, statins may compete with clopidogrel for CYP3A4 enzyme resulting in diminishing the anti-platelet effect of clopidogrel. We aimed to study the impact of concomitant statin therapy on clopidogrel efficacy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) evaluate the clinical relevance of potential clopidogrel and statins interaction and association between use of statins and risk of future adverse cardiac events. A cross-sectional retrospective cohort study was conducted on 50 patients attending Prince Sultan Cardiac Center for follow-up after PCI. All patients discharged on clopidogrel, aspirin, and atorvastatin were later divided into two groups according to the occurrence of MACEs. Statistical analysis was performed by Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS; V. 21.0). This study was on adult and geriatric males (72%)and female (28%). More than half of them exhibited major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), of which 48% exhibited it after 4 to 6 months from PCI indexing followed by 1 to 3 months (34%), and the least after 7 to 9 months. A significant association arises between gender and MACEs (P=0.042). Moreover, the average age was significantly higher in patients who experience MACEs compared to others (62.7 vs. 55.4, P=0.037). Regarding comorbidities, hypertension increased in patients with MACEs (73.1%) compared to those without MACEs (45.8%). The average duration of taking clopidogrel was significantly shorter in patients with MACEs compared to those who did not (3.42 vs. 5.54 months, P<0.001). According to the findings of this study, atorvastatin affects clopidogrel efficacy in patients undergoing PCI.

scholarly journals The Impact of Covid-19 On Maternal Delivery Experiences and Breastfeeding Practices in China: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinyue Yu ◽  
Mingyue Gao ◽  
Zhuang Wei ◽  
Jonathan CK Wells ◽  
Mary Fewtrell
Keyword(s):  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Breastfeeding Intention ◽  
Public Health Challenge ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experiences Of Women ◽  
Beijing China

Abstract Background The COVID-2019 pandemic has placed extensive pressure on health systems and posed a severe public health challenge worldwide. Lockdown measures implemented in many countries have delayed virus spread. However, a considerable number of people have faced unprecedented pressure, especially the pregnant and breast-feeding women, because face-to‐face professional support has been reduced during the lockdown in many countries. Objectives To compare the delivery and infant feeding experiences of women who delivered before (BL) versus during (DL) the Covid-19 pandemic in Beijing, China. Methods Women aged ≥ 18 years with an infant ≤ 18 months of age completed an anonymous survey. Information/links were shared online and via local clinics in Beijing. Logistic regression was performed to assess predictors of breastfeeding during the first 6-months. Results 2233 women provided data; BL 1241 (55.6%), DL 992 (44.4%). The 6-month mostly breastfeeding (MBF, mainly breastfeeding with few non-formula fluids added) rate was significantly higher in the DL mothers (71.6%), compared to the BL mothers (60.6%). MBF was predicted by delivery during the lockdown period (OR1.42, 95% confidence interval 1.06, 1.90), younger maternal age, discussing infant feeding in a feeding support group, and getting support from friends or relatives. Moreover, relative to those little affected by COVID, those who were much affected were less likely to MBF. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown measures influenced mothers’ planned birth location and breastfeeding intention. However, breastfeeding practice was maintained during the pandemic. The reported breastfeeding rates were high and our results highlight the importance of feeding support as well as potential beneficial effects of increased mother-infant contact during the lockdown period which is relevant even under normal circumstances.

scholarly journals Impact of Smoking Cessation on Lung Function Parameters – A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 160-166
Author(s):  
Yogita Hatmode ◽  
Dhanesh Kumar K. U.
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
The Impact

Background: There have been widespread adverse effects and association between smoking and tobacco use across published researches, but very few studies have been investigated on the beneficial effects that accompany a long-term cessation of smoking. Comparing the lung function with normal subjects might significantly use the results obtained, if positive, to encourage current smokers to quit smoking and quitters to continue to refrain from smoking.  Aims: To determine the impact of cessation of smoking on lung function parameters in quitters as compared to smokers and non-smokers. Materials and Methods: The cross sectional observational study was on smokers, non-smokers, and quitters in rural area of Mangalore city. A total of 150 individuals were selected for the study, 50 each from all 3 groups of smokers, non-smokers and quitters using convenient sampling method using convenient sampling process. All participants were examined for Pulmonary Function Test parameters. The analysis was carried out using the Analysis of the variance test to determine the impact of smoking cessation in lung function parameters. Results: Significant differences were observed between quitters, smokers and non-smokers in terms of lung function parameters using ANOVA (FVC-p<0.001**, FEV1-p<0.001**, FEV1/FVC-p=0.04** PEFR difference between the groups was not significant with p=0.25). Analysis of PFT parameters using Tukey’s multiple post-hoc procedures revealed that FVC and FEV1 showed a significant differences between the quitter group when compared to the smoker group p<0-001**. Conclusion: Smoking cessation was followed by substantial change in lung function parameters FVC and FEV1 between the quitters as opposed to the smoker community.

Increased processing speed in young adult bilinguals: evidence from source memory judgments

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANGELA GRANT ◽  
NANCY DENNIS
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Source Memory ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Item Memory ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Speed Advantage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Previous Encounter

Although many studies have investigated the consequences of bilingualism on cognitive control, few have examined the impact of bilingualism on other cognitive domains, such as memory. Of these studies, most have focused on item memory and none have examined the role of bilingualism in source memory (i.e., the memory for contextual details from a previous encounter with a stimulus). In our study, young adult bilinguals and monolinguals completed a source memory test, whose different conditions were designed to stress working memory and inhibitory control. Bilinguals performed significantly faster than monolinguals across all conditions without compromising accuracy, and also showed an overall speed advantage on the Flanker task. We interpret these processing speed advantages within the context of current models of bilingual production.

Association of Vitamin D Status With Liver and Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials, and Cross-Sectional and Cohort Studies

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mostafa Parizadeh ◽  
Majid Rezayi ◽  
Reza Jafarzadeh-Esfehani ◽  
Amir Avan ◽  
Hamideh Ghazizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Abstract. Background: Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is a major public health problem. There are few comprehensive systematic reviews about the relationship between Vitamin D status and liver and renal disease in Iran. Methods: We systemically searched the following databases: Web of Science; PubMed; Cochrane Library; Scopus; Science Direct; Google Scholar and two Iranian databases (Scientific Information Database (SID) and IranMedex) up until November 2017 to identify all randomized control trials (RCTs), case control, cross-sectional and cohort studies investigating the association between vitamin D and any form of liver or kidney disease. Results: Vitamin D insufficiency, or deficiency (VDD), is highly prevalent in Iran, reports varying between 44.4% in Isfahan to 98% in Gorgan. There is also a high prevalence of VDD among patients with liver or kidney disease, and the administration of vitamin D supplements may have beneficial effects on lipid profile, blood glucose, liver function and fatty liver disease, and bone health. Low serum vitamin D levels are related with abnormalities in these laboratory and clinical parameters. Conclusion: VDD is prevalent in patients with chronic liver or renal disease in Iran. There appear to be several beneficial effects of vitamin D supplementation in vitamin D deficient patients with liver or kidney disease.

Multidisciplinary team decision is rare and decreasing in percutaneous vascular interventions despite positive impact on in-hospital outcomes

VASA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian-Alexander Behrendt ◽  
Tilo Kölbel ◽  
Thea Schwaneberg ◽  
Holger Diener ◽  
Ralf Hohnhold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidisciplinary Team ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospital Outcomes ◽  
Vascular Intervention ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Team Decision ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Background: Worldwide prevalence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) is increasing and peripheral vascular intervention (PVI) has become the primary invasive treatment. There is evidence that multidisciplinary team decision-making (MTD) has an impact on in-hospital outcomes. This study aims to depict practice patterns and time changes regarding MTD of different medical specialties. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study design. 20,748 invasive, percutaneous PVI of PAD conducted in the metropolitan area of Hamburg (Germany) were consecutively collected between January 2004 and December 2014. Results: MTD prior to PVI was associated with lower odds of early unsuccessful termination of the procedures (Odds Ratio 0.662, p < 0.001). The proportion of MTD decreased over the study period (30.9 % until 2009 vs. 16.6 % from 2010, p < 0.001) while rates of critical limb-threatening ischemia (34.5 % vs. 42.1 %), patients´ age (70 vs. 72 years), PVI below-the-knee (BTK) (13.2 % vs. 22.4 %), and rates of severe TASC C/D lesions BTK (43.2 % vs. 54.2 %) increased (all p < 0.001). Utilization of MTD was different between medical specialties with lowest frequency in procedures performed by internists when compared to other medical specialties (7.1 % vs. 25.7 %, p < 0.001). Conclusions: MTD prior to PVI is associated with technical success of the procedure. Nonetheless, rates of MTD prior to PVI are decreasing during the study period. Future studies should address the impact of multidisciplinary vascular teams on long-term outcomes.

Factors Influencing Academic Stress on Students of University of Economics and Business - Vietnam National University

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nham Phong Tuan ◽  
Nguyen Ngoc Quy ◽  
Nguyen Thi Thanh Huyen ◽  
Hong Tra My ◽  
Tran Nhu Phu
Keyword(s):  
Academic Stress ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
National University ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of seven factors causing academic stress on students of University of Economics and Business - Vietnam National University: Lack of leisure time, Academic performance, Fear of failure, Academic overload, Finances, Competition between students, Relationships with university faculty. Based on the results of a practical survey of 185 students who are attending any courses at the University of Economics and Business - Vietnam National University, the study assesses the impact of stress factors on students. The thesis focuses on clarifying the concept of "stress" and the stress level of students, while pointing out its negative effects on students. This study includes two cross-sectional questionnaire surveys. The first survey uses a set of 16 questions to assess students’ perceptions and attitudes based on an instrument to measure academic stress - Educational Stress Scale for Adolescents (ESSA). The second survey aims to test internal consistency, the robustness of the previously established 7-factor structure. Henceforth, the model was brought back and used qualitatively, combined with Cronbach’s Alpha measurement test and EFA discovery factor analysis. This study was conducted from October 2019 to December 2019. From these practical analyzes, several proposals were made for the society, the school and the students themselves.

The impact of the use of a footrest on the quality of chest compressions. A prospective, randomized, cross-sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Majer ◽  
Sandra Pyda ◽  
Jerzy Robert Ladny ◽  
Antonio Rodriguez-Nunez ◽  
Lukasz Szarpak
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chest Compressions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Awareness of symptomatic differences Covid-19, SARS, Swine Flu, Common cold among dental students

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1026-1033
Author(s):  
Nivedha Valliammai Mahalingam ◽  
Abilasha R ◽  
Kavitha S
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Common Cold ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Swine Flu ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Enormous successes have been obtained against the control of major epidemic diseases, such as SARS, MERS, Ebola, Swine Flu in the past. Dynamic interplay of biological, socio-cultural and ecological factors, together with novel aspects of human-animal interphase, pose additional challenges with respect to the emergence of infectious diseases. The important challenges faced in the control and prevention of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases range from understanding the impact of factors that are necessary for the emergence, to development of strengthened surveillance systems that can mitigate human suffering and death. The aim of the current study is to assess the awareness of symptomatic differences between viral diseases like COVID-19, SARS, Swine flu and common cold among dental students that support the prevention of emergence or re-emergence. Cross-sectional type of study conducted among the undergraduate students comprising 100 Subjects. A questionnaire comprising 15 questions in total were framed, and responses were collected in Google forms in SPSS Software statistical analysis. The study has concluded that dental students have an awareness of the symptomatic differences between infectious viral disease. The study concluded that the awareness of symptomatic differences between viral diseases like COVID-19, SARS, Swine flu, Common cold is good among the dental students who would pave the way for early diagnosis and avoid spreading of such diseases. A further awareness can be created by regular webinars, seminars and brainstorming sessions among these healthcare professionals.

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