scholarly journals Understanding the Origin and Mixing of Deep Fluids in Shallow Aquifers and Possible Implications for Crustal Deformation Studies: San Vittorino Plain, Central Apennines

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1353
Author(s):  
Marino Domenico Barberio ◽  
Francesca Gori ◽  
Maurizio Barbieri ◽  
Tiziano Boschetti ◽  
Antonio Caracausi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Crustal Deformation ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Aquifer Systems ◽  
Groundwater Circulation ◽  
Deformation Processes ◽  
Geological Map ◽  
Gas Interactions ◽  
Seismic Area

Expanding knowledge about the origin and mixing of deep fluids and the water–rock–gas interactions in aquifer systems can represent an improvement in the comprehension of crustal deformation processes. An analysis of the deep and meteoric fluid contributions to a regional groundwater circulation model in an active seismic area has been carried out. We performed two hydrogeochemical screenings of 15 springs in the San Vittorino Plain (central Italy). Furthermore, we updated the San Vittorino Plain structural setting with a new geological map and cross-sections, highlighting how and where the aquifers are intersected by faults. The application of Na-Li geothermometers, coupled with trace element and gas analyses, agrees in attributing the highest temperatures (>150 °C), the greatest enrichments in Li (124.3 ppb) and Cs (>5 ppb), and traces of mantle-derived He (1–2%) to springs located in correspondence with high-angle faults (i.e., S5, S11, S13, and S15). This evidence points out the role of faults acting as vehicles for deep fluids into regional carbonate aquifers. These results highlight the criteria for identifying the most suitable sites for monitoring variations in groundwater geochemistry due to the uprising of deep fluids modulated by fault activity to be further correlated with crustal deformation and possibly with seismicity.

A seamless database for a digital geological map of central Italy: the case of Emilia-Romagna, Marche, Tuscany and Umbria regions

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
Altair Pirro ◽  
Paolo Conti ◽  
Gianluca Cornamusini ◽  
Luigi Carmignani ◽  
Giulia Verdiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Italy ◽  
Geological Map

scholarly journals Geology and geophysics at the archeological park of Vulci (central Italy)

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Marchetti ◽  
Vincenzo Sapia ◽  
Adriano Garello ◽  
Donatella De Rita ◽  
Alessandra Venuti
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Resistivity Tomography ◽  
Geological Information ◽  
Geological Map

<p>The Vulci archeological site was object of interest by the Soprintendenza ai beni culturali dell’Etruria meridionale (Italian government department responsible for southern Etruria’s cultural heritage) since the beginning of the 20th century. In 2001, the Ministero dei Beni Culturali (Italian ministry of cultural heritage) along with the local authorities, opened a natural-archeological park. In this area, it lies most of the ancient Etruscan city of Velch (today known by its Latin name, Vulci) including the Osteria Necropolis that is the object of this study. Recently, new archaeological excavations were made and the local authorities needed major geological information about the volcanic lithotypes where the Etruscans used to build their necropolis. The aim of this study is to define the geological and geophysical characteristics of the rock lithotypes present in the Vulci park. For this purpose, a geological map of the area (1:10000) has been realized. Moreover, two different geophysical methods were applied: measurements of magnetic susceptibility and electrical resistivity tomography. Magnetic susceptibility analyses clearly identify magnetic contrasts between different lithotypes; the characteristics of the pyroclastic flow that originated the Sorano unit 2 and its vertical facies variations are well recorded by this parameter that along with lithostratigraphic observations provides information about the depositional conditions. Two electrical resistivity tomographies were performed, which show the Sorano unit 2 thickness to be of c. 7 m with resistivity values ranging from 200 to 400 Ω·m. This kind of multidisciplinary approach resulted to be suitable to study this type of archaeological sites, revealing that areas characterized by a relevant thickness and wide areal extension of volcanic lithotypes can be a potential site where Etruscans might have excavated their necropolis.</p>

Tracing deep fluid source contribution to groundwater in an active seismic area (central Italy): A combined geothermometric and isotopic (δ13C) perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 582 ◽  
pp. 124495 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Barbieri ◽  
T. Boschetti ◽  
M.D. Barberio ◽  
A. Billi ◽  
S. Franchini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Italy ◽  
Source Contribution ◽  
Fluid Source ◽  
Deep Fluid ◽  
Seismic Area

scholarly journals Seismic Base Isolators For A Silo Supporting Structure

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Daniel Bîtcă ◽  
Emilian Ursu ◽  
Paul Ioan
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Seismic Action ◽  
Material Consumption ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Supporting Structure ◽  
Maltese Cross ◽  
Small Intensity ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Seismic Area ◽  
Base Isolators

Abstract A 3000 tones capacity silo, located in a seismic area with ground acceleration ag = 0,20g and TC =1,0s, was designed in a classical solution The supporting structure has an octagonal shape in planview, and columns with “Maltese cross sections”. The main lateral resisting system is made up of centric bracings with cross-section class I. The technological project has required two silos and the solution was to support them on a common raft foundation. The stresses and strains due the seismic action led to material consumption that exceeded the agreed budget. In order to reduce the costs, two versions of isolator positions were studied: base isolators (at the connection between infrastructure and superstructure) and at the silo’s bearing level on the supporting structure. A number of eight vertical seismic isolators were used and in order to limit the horizontal displacements due to wind action and for small intensity earthquakes special devices were introduced Comparing the state of stresses and deformations and also the cost analysis regarding the positioning of the isolators, the second solution was chosen as the most feasible.

The Rogers-Hotchkiss Geological Maps of Virginia and West Virginia

1995 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Lessing
Keyword(s):  
West Virginia ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Geological Survey ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Union Army ◽  
Geological Maps ◽  
Geological Map ◽  
Geological Work ◽  
Stratigraphic Nomenclature

During the years 1835 to 1841, the first geological survey of Virginia, and what is now West Virginia, was conducted under the leadership of William Barton Rogers. His geological work was produced in seven annual reports presented to the Board of Public Works, which were reprinted in 1884 as a single volume by his widow. However, the first geological map from Rogers' survey of Virginia was only published in 1876 by Jedediah Hotchkiss. Rogers gave his geological map to Hotchkiss in 1873 for use in Hotchkiss' book published 3 years later. During the following 10 years, this geological map was produced 13 more times, mostly by Hotchkiss, and each version is slightly different. Some changes are obvious, such as scale, base map, or cross sections, whereas other modifications are subtle, including stratigraphic units, title, or colors. Three versions are hand colored; the others are lithographs. The known versions, by date, are two in 1874, one circa 1875, five in 1880 and one circa 1880, one in 1881, one in 1882, and three in 1884. Interestingly, none of these 14 versions modified Rogers' original geology, although Rogers modified his original stratigraphic nomenclature. A fifteenth version, apparently done without Rogers' knowledge for the Union army in 1862, is the hand colored geological map by Thomas S. Ridgway.

scholarly journals Horizontal Momentum Diffusion in GCMs Using the Dynamic Smagorinsky Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
pp. 887-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urs Schaefer-Rolffs ◽  
Erich Becker
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Laws ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Atmospheric Dynamics ◽  
Three Solutions ◽  
Smagorinsky Model ◽  
Test Filter ◽  
Tensor Norm

Abstract A dynamic version of Smagorinsky’s diffusion scheme is presented that is applicable for large-eddy simulations (LES) of the atmospheric dynamics. The approach is motivated (i) by the incompatibility of conventional hyperdiffusion schemes with the conservation laws, and (ii) because the conventional Smagorinsky model (which fulfills the conservation laws) does not maintain scale invariance, which is mandatory for a correct simulation of the macroturbulent kinetic energy spectrum. The authors derive a two-dimensional (horizontal) formulation of the dynamic Smagorinsky model (DSM) and present three solutions of the so-called Germano identity: the method of least squares, a solution without invariance of the Smagorinsky parameter, and a tensor-norm solution. The applicability of the tensor-norm approach is confirmed in simulations with the Kühlungsborn mechanistic general circulation model (KMCM). The standard spectral dynamical core of the model facilitates the implementation of the test filter procedure of the DSM. Various energy spectra simulated with the DSM and the conventional Smagorinsky scheme are presented. In particular, the results show that only the DSM allows for a reasonable spectrum at all scales. Latitude–height cross sections of zonal-mean fluid variables are given and show that the DSM preserves the main features of the atmospheric dynamics. The best ratio for the test-filter scale to the resolution scale is found to be 1.33, resulting in dynamically determined Smagorinsky parameters cS from 0.10 to 0.22 in the troposphere. This result is very similar to other values of cS found in previous three-dimensional applications of the DSM.

scholarly journals Structural analysis of the Bogotá Anticline, Colombian Eastern Cordillera: Implications on deformational styles of the Llanos Foothills

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-30
Author(s):  
Daniel Barrera ◽  
Andrés Mora ◽  
Eliseo Tesón
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Lateral Variation ◽  
Eastern Cordillera ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Deformed State ◽  
Geological Map ◽  
Complex Geological Structure ◽  
Detachment Fold

In this study we describe and discuss a structural analysis of the Bogotá Anticline, based on the creation of a new geological map and structural cross sections, to propose a model of evolution for the folding. The Bogotá Anticline is a complex geological structure with important variations in vergence and geometry over very short distances. Because of that, its formation was previously associated with gravitational collapses. The Bogotá Anticline is located in the Bogotá Plateau, which is part of the axial zone of the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. We propose that this fold displays a lateral variation that evidence different stages of deformation of a faulted detachment fold with a detachment horizon located in the Chipaque Formation. A proposed thrust fault located to the east of the structure could generate the necessary shortening for the formation of this fold. The proposed model may serve as an analogue in an earlier less deformed state for the folds observed in similar rocks of the Llanos foothills.

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