scholarly journals Production of Porous Ceramic Materials from Spent Fluorescent Lamps

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 6056
Author(s):  
Egle Rosson ◽  
Acacio Rincón Rincón Romero ◽  
Denis Badocco ◽  
Federico Zorzi ◽  
Paolo Sgarbossa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Porous Ceramics ◽  
Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Commercial Glass ◽  
Triton X

Spent fluorescent lamps (SFL) are classified as hazardous materials in the European Waste Catalogue, which includes residues from various hi-tech devices. The most common end-of-life treatment of SFL consists in the recovery of rare earth elements from the phosphor powders, with associated problems in the management of the glass residues, which are usually landfilled. This study involves the manufacturing of porous ceramics from both the coarse glass-rich fraction and the phosphor-enriched fraction of spent fluorescent lamps. These porous materials, realizing the immobilization of Rare Earth Elements (REEs) within a glass matrix, are suggested for application in buildings as thermal and acoustic insulators. The proposed process is characterized by: (i) alkaline activation (2.5 M or 1 M NaOH aqueous solution); (ii) pre-curing at 75 °C; (iii) the addition of a surfactant (Triton X-100) for foaming at high-speed stirring; (iv) curing at 45 °C; (v) viscous flow sintering at 700 °C. All the final porous ceramics present a limited metal leaching and, in particular, the coarse glass fraction activated with 2.5 M NaOH solution leads to materials comparable to commercial glass foams in terms of mechanical properties.

Perspective Biomass Carrier for Anaerobic Processing Systems of Organic Waste AIC

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-155
Author(s):  
Anatoliy V. Fedotov ◽  
Viktor S. Grigoriev ◽  
Dmitriy A. Kovalev ◽  
Andrey A. Kovalev
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Porous Ceramics ◽  
Developed Surface ◽  
Highly Porous

To speed up the wastewater treatment under aerobic conditions and to optimize the processes of anaerobic wastewater treatment in digesters, immobilization technologies of microorganisms and enzymes on solid carriers are used. Ceramic carriers based on aluminosilicates and alumina are one of the promising inorganic biomass carriers. (Research purpose) To study the structure of porous ceramic biomass carriers for anaerobic processing of organic waste and evaluate the prospects for their use. (Materials and methods) The substrate for anaerobic digestion was a mixture of sediments of the primary and secondary sewage sumps of the Lyubertsy treatment facilities. K-65 cattle feed was used to ensure the constancy of the composition of organic substances in substrates as a cosubstrate. The authors used the method of low-temperature nitrogen adsorption of Bruner-Emmett-Teller to study the pore structure and specific surface of solid carriers on a specific surface analyzer Quntachrome Autosorb-1. (Results and discussion) The main characteristics (specific surface, volume of micro- and mesopores, predominant pore radius, water absorption and others) of chamotte foam lightweight and highly porous corundum ceramics were determined. It was revealed that ceramic materials with a developed surface and electrically conductive material provided an increase in biogas yield by 3.8-3.9 percent with an increase in methane content by an average of 5 percent. (Conclusions) The results of anaerobic digestion showed a positive effect of both a conductive carrier and highly porous ceramic materials on the process of anaerobic bioconversion of organic waste into biogas. It is advisable to expand experimental studies on the use of a conductive carrier with a developed surface based on highly porous ceramics.

Preparation and Characterization of Quartz Porous Ceramic Materials Using the Yangtze River Sand

2013 ◽  
Vol 804 ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
Yan Ping Feng ◽  
Zhi Wen Qiu ◽  
Xiao Bin Ma ◽  
Lei Zhao ◽  
Xin Chao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yangtze River ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Porous Ceramics ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Insulation Property ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Porous Ceramic Materials

In order to lay raw materials foundation for increasing the performance of insulating brick with the low grade quartz sand along the Yangtze River, the quartz porous ceramic materials was researched in this paper. The results show the porosity of the porous quartz ceramics decreased with an increase in the sintering temperature. The pore is like the bowl shape, and the pore is closed pore, which is help to improve the heat insulation property of quartz porous ceramics. The CaSiO4 is produced in the ceramics after sintering processing. The shape is better, and the microstructure is circular and symmetrical pore, which is help to improve the mechanical property of quartz porous ceramics.

Environmental Friendly Ceramic Building Materials

2016 ◽  
Vol 690 ◽  
pp. 150-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toyohiko Sugiyama ◽  
Keiji Kusumoto ◽  
Masayoshi Ohashi ◽  
Akinori Kamiya
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Porous Ceramics ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Solar Reflectance ◽  
Ceramic Building

The global warming is one of the most serious problems. The decrease of CO2 emissions in our daily life is an important subject today. Recently, an application of water retentive materials as a paving material has attracted a great deal of attention in Japan. This material is effective for reducing heat island phenomenon, which is also a recent problem in many cities in Japan. Water retained in the material during rainfall evaporates when heated by sunshine. The latent heat absorbed by evaporating water works to cool the surroundings. The water retentive ceramic products are expected to be useful for building materials as well as pavements. Several performances are required on the water retentive ceramics when it is used as building materials. Its cost and quality are the important factors. Porous ceramic materials formed by pressing without firing is one of ideal low cost and eco-friendly candidates. The porous ceramics is also expected to be produced from recycled ceramic materials. By optimizing its composition and forming method, a water retentive material with high performance was developed. The trial product had the properties as follows; fracture toughness: 1300N, bending strength: 175N/cm, water absorption: larger than 30%, and precision in size (length): +-0.5mm for 150mm. The product showed also enough frost resistance. In this paper, the fundamental properties of the porous ceramics prepared without firing are discussed with referring to the results of the field experiments.Another subject recently studied by several tile manufactures in Japan is the glazed tile with high solar reflectance. The exterior walls covered with such a high solar reflectance tile keeps the surface temperature of the wall lower under the strong sunshine of summer. It is effective against heat-island phenomenon. In this paper, the outline of the research results on visible and infrared reflectance of many kinds of glazes is also discussed.

Separation of rare earth elements by high-speed counter-current chromatography

1991 ◽  
Vol 538 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiichi Kitazume ◽  
Molina Bhatnagar ◽  
Yoichiro Ito
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Counter Current

A Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Different Hydroxyapatite (HAp) Based Nanocomposites: The Influence of Morphology and Preferential Orientation

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 1968-1976
Author(s):  
J. R. Alanís-Gómez ◽  
E. M. Rivera-Muñoz ◽  
C. Peza-Ledesma ◽  
A. Manzano-Ramírez ◽  
R. Velázquez-Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Porous Ceramics ◽  
Nanocomposite Materials ◽  
Crystallographic Analysis ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Crystalline Orientation

Three different types of hydroxyapatite (HAp) based porous ceramic materials were obtained through the modified gel casting method; one of them was made of commercial HAp particles and used as a reference in the mechanical characterization. Other type of ceramic was elaborated using HAp nanofibers, which were synthesized through the microwave assisted hydrothermal method and they possess a high crystallinity, purity and a preferential crystalline orientation in the [300], such were grown along the [001]. The third type of porous ceramic was elaborated using a combination of HAp nanofibers and particles. The HAp nanofibers and particles were previously analyzed by using X-ray diffraction to study their crystal structure, the topology and morphology of those HAp aggregates were observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM); high-resolution transmission electron microscopy was useful to carry out a detailed crystallographic analysis. Afterwards, an organic phase made of gelatin was added to the porous ceramics in order to obtain nanocomposite materials. Two different concentrations of gelatin were used separately, and the combination of three types of porous ceramics and two concentrations of gelatin produced six different nanocomposite materials. All of these composite materials were observed through the SEM to see their topology and porosity and after that, they were probed under compression tests and their corresponding mechanical behavior was analyzed. All the composites showed mechanical properties similar to those observed in cellular materials. The Young modulus and ultimate strength were compared, finally, it was determined the contribution to the mechanical properties of the morphology, crystalline quality and preferential crystalline orientation in the HAp nanofibers. According to such properties, the composite material made of HAp nanofibers has bone tissue implant potential applications.

scholarly journals Studies of the Effect of Crosslinking in the Strongly Basic Anion Exchanger Dowex 1 and the HNO3 Concentration Employed on the Separation of the SmIII–NdIII Pair in the Polar Organic Solvent–H2O–HNO3 System

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-228
Author(s):  
Z. Hubicki ◽  
M. Olszak
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Anion Exchanger ◽  
High Temperature Superconductors ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Separation And Purification ◽  
Structural Stabilization ◽  
Component Content ◽  
Dowex 1

Because of their specific structure, rare earth elements are used for the modification or structural stabilization of many metallic or ceramic materials employed in modern technology and also in the metallic form, i.e. in alloys and compounds with unique properties. Industrial demand for rare earth metals has increased lately due to their new application possibilities, e.g. in supermagnets of the Nd–Fe–B type or in ceramic high-temperature superconductors. Equally, the application of rare earth elements in metallurgy, catalysis, ceramics, etc. remains of significant importance. The separation and purification of rare earth elements(III) which occur in groups with similar physicochemical properties involve extremely difficult and complex processes. Ion exchange is one method which enables such separation. This paper presents the results of studies of the influence of the extent of crosslinking in the anion exchanger Dowex 1 and the concentration of nitric acid on the separation of the SmIII–NdIII pair by frontal analysis in 90% v/v CH3COCH3– or the CH3OH–10% v/v × M HNO3 systems. The most effective results were obtained in the 90% v/v CH3OH–10% v/v 7 M HNO3 system employing the anion exchanger Dowex 1 × 4 allowing 0.11 kg samarium(III) to be purified on 1 dm3 ion exchanger in the nitrate form and leading to a decrease in the micro-component content to a value below 10−3%.

Investigation on the status of rare earth elements contained in the powder of spent fluorescent lamps

2014 ◽  
Vol 591 ◽  
pp. 22-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Belardi ◽  
N. Ippolito ◽  
L. Piga ◽  
M. Serracino
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
The Status

scholarly journals Processes and Technologies for the Recycling of Spent Fluorescent Lamps

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Kujawski ◽  
Beata Pospiech
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Industrial Application ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Efficient Recovery

Abstract The growing industrial application of rare earth metals led to great interest in the new technologies for the recycling and recovery of REEs from diverse sources. This work reviews the various methods for the recycling of spent fluorescent lamps. The spent fluorescent lamps are potential source of important rare earth elements (REEs) such as: yttrium, terbium, europium, lanthanum and cerium. The characteristics of REEs properties and construction of typical fl uorescent lamps is described. The work compares also current technologies which can be utilized for an efficient recovery of REEs from phosphors powders coming from spent fluorescent lamps. The work is especially focused on the hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical processes. It was concluded that hydrometallurgical processes are especially useful for the recovery of REEs from spent fluorescent lamps. Moreover, the methods used for recycling of REEs are identical or very similar to those utilized for the raw ores processing.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document