The Influence of Laboratory Scanner Versus Intra-Oral Scanner on Determining the Implant Axis by Using Three Different Scan Abutments

Background: The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the implant axis’ spatial position and orientation by using laboratory scanner versus intra-oral scanner with three different scan abutments. Methods: A 3D model was printed with an internal hex implant analog in the place of teeth 35#. Three standard scan abutments were used: MIS (two-piece titanium), AB (two-piece PEEK and titanium base) and ZZ (one-piece PEEK). Each scan abutment was scanned 30 times by TRIOS E3 (laboratory scanner) and 30 times by Omnicam (intra-oral scanner). For each scan, an STL (stereolithography) file was created, and the spatial characterization of each scan abutment was measured in the X, Y, Z coordinates, and rotational and longitudinal angles. The comparison between all the scans was conducted by superimposition of the STL files, using a 3D software. A t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used. (p < 0.05) Results: Only the MIS scan abutment showed no statistical difference in the X and Z axes. (p < 0.05). All other scan abutments showed a statistical difference in all axes. The rotational angle of the AB scan abutment was twice the angle of the MIS and ZZ scan abutments. Conclusions: All three scan abutments showed a rotational deviation of the implant axis between the laboratory scanner and the intra-oral scanner. The AB scan abutment showed the greatest deviation (1.04 degrees) while the other two abutments showed deviations of about half a degree in relation to the laboratory scan abutment. There is a need for further studies which will examine the influence of geometry, material, and scan abutment parts on the accuracy of the scan obtained.

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Enamel Surface Roughness after Lingual Bracket Debonding: An In Vitro Study

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma12244196 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (24) ◽

pp. 4196

Author(s):

Martina Eichenberger ◽

Anna Iliadi ◽

Despina Koletsi ◽

George Eliades ◽

Carlalberta Verna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Rank Test ◽

Roughness Parameters ◽

Signed Rank ◽

Fine Diamond ◽

Before And After ◽

Signed Rank Test ◽

Lingual Brackets

The aim of the present study was to quantitatively assess changes in enamel roughness parameters before and after lingual bracket debonding. The lingual surface of 25 sound premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons was studied by 3D optical interferometric profilometry before and after debonding of lingual brackets following enamel finishing (with fine diamond) and polishing (with 12- and 20-fluted carbide burs). The roughness parameters tested were the amplitude parameters Sa and Sz, the hybrid parameter Sdr, and the functional parameters Sc and Sv. The parameter differences (after debonding-reference) were calculated, and statistical analysis was performed via a Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Statistically significantly higher values were observed in all the surface roughness parameters of enamel surfaces after finishing and polishing, with the mostly affected parameter being the Sdr. Under the conditions of the present study, the finishing and polishing instruments used after debonding of lingual noncustomized brackets created a surface texture rougher than the control in all the tested roughness parameters.

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Measurement of Tooth Wear by Means of Digital Impressions: An In-Vitro Evaluation of Three Intraoral Scanning Systems

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11115161 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 5161

Author(s):

Christina Kühne ◽

Ulrich Lohbauer ◽

Stefan Raith ◽

Sven Reich

Keyword(s):

Reference Method ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Tooth Wear ◽

Rank Test ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Wear Facet ◽

Wear Measurement ◽

Signed Rank ◽

Signed Rank Test

This in-vitro study aimed to investigate whether intraoral scanners (IOS) are suitable for wear measurement compared to optical profilometry (WLP). A zirconia cast representing the teeth (24–28) was fabricated. It was digitized six times using three different intraoral scanners, Cerec Omnicam AC (OC), Trios 3 (Tr3), and True Definition (TD). The scans were conducted at baseline (t0) and at three different stages of simulated wear (t1–t3), each at one wear-facet on FDI 26 and FDI 27. WLP was used as a reference method. Within each acquisition system, the maximum wear at each facet was analyzed by superimposing the STL data of t0 with t1–t3. A power analysis was performed (G*Power), and the Wilcoxon-signed-rank-test was used to evaluate whether there were statistically significant differences between the groups (Bonferroni corrected) (α = 0.05). At wear-facet FDI 27, differences from +4% t1 TD up to +19% t2 OC, corresponding to a metric value of 8 µm and 45 µm, were measured. At FDI 26 deviations between −2% t1 Tr3, and +10% OC and Tr3, were observed. Considering some limitations, the IOS are a promising alternative to wear measurement based on WLP due to its simple application to capture surface changes in a reasonable and quick way.

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Composite Replacement of Amalgam Restoration Versus Freshly Cut Dentin: An In Vitro Microleakage Comparison

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/14-278-l ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. E73-E82

Author(s):

H Redwan ◽

DN Bardwell ◽

A Ali ◽

M Finkelman ◽

S Khayat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Study ◽

Rank Test ◽

Thermal Cycles ◽

Tooth Structure ◽

Amalgam Restoration ◽

Signed Rank ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽

Signed Rank Test

SUMMARY Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the microleakage of the composite restorations when bonded to tooth structure previously restored with amalgam material compared with that of freshly cut dentin. Methods and Materials: Thirty intact, extracted intact human molars were mounted in autopolymerizing acrylic resin. Class II box preparations were prepared on the occluso-proximal surfaces of each tooth (4-mm bucco-lingual width and 2-mm mesio-distal depth) with the gingival cavosurface margin 1 mm above the CEJ. Each cavity was then restored using high copper amalgam restoration (Disperalloy, Dentsply) and then thermocycled for 10,000 thermal cycles. Twenty-five of the amalgam restorations were then carefully removed and replaced with Filtek Supreme Ultra Universal (3M ESPE); the remaining five were used for scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy analysis. A preparation of the same dimensions was performed on the opposite surface of the tooth and restored with composite resin and thermocycled for 5000 thermal cycles. Twenty samples were randomly selected for dye penetration testing using silver nitrate staining to detect the microleakage. The specimens were analyzed with a stereomicroscope at a magnification of 20×. All of the measurements were done in micrometers; two readings were taken for each cavity at the occlusal and proximal margins. Two measurements were taken using a 0-3 scale and the percentage measurements. Results: Corrosion products were not detected in either group (fresh cut dentin and teeth previously restored with amalgam). No statistically significant difference was found between the microleakage of the two groups using a 0-3 scale at the occlusal margins (McNemar test, p=0.727) or proximal margins (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, p=0.174). No significance difference was found between the two groups using the percentage measurements and a Wilcoxon signed-rank test at either the occlusal (p=0.675) or proximal (p=0.513) margins. However, marginal microleakage was statistically significant between the proximal and occlusal margins (p<0.001). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, no significant difference was found between the microleakage of nondiscolored dentin in teeth that were previously restored with amalgam compared with freshly cut dentin. However, marginal microleakage in the proximal surface was higher than that in the occlusal surface.

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Influence of Thymoquinone Exposure on the Micro-Hardness of Dental Enamel: An In Vitro Study

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1697117 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (03) ◽

pp. 318-322 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Imran Farooq ◽

Saqib Ali ◽

Intisar Ahmad Siddiqui ◽

Khalifa S. Al-Khalifa ◽

Mohammed Al-Hariri

Keyword(s):

Artificial Saliva ◽

Dental Enamel ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Rank Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Micro Hardness ◽

Signed Rank Test ◽

The Mean ◽

Experimental Group

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to assess changes in micro-hardness level of enamel after it was exposed to thymoquinone (TQ). Materials and Methods Sixteen enamel blocks were prepared and divided into two groups (each group received eight blocks, n = 8); Gp 1 (control): enamel blocks kept in 100 mL artificial saliva (AS) for 24 hours and Gp 2: enamel blocks kept in a mixture of TQ powder (1 g) and AS (100 mL) for 24 hours. Post-immersion they were subjected to simulated brushing with each sample receiving 8,000 linear strokes. For brushing, 3 mL of AS and TQ oil was used for groups 1 and 2, respectively. Enamel surfaces were analyzed for changes in values of surface micro-hardness (pre-immersion, post-immersion, and post-brushing) by obtaining Vickers hardness number (VHN). Results The present study indicated improvement in micro-hardness levels for both groups although experimental group showed more enhancement. The mean baseline VHN for control group was 498.6, 500.4 for post-immersion, and 503.5 for post-brushing. The mean baseline VHN for experimental group was 448.7, 531 for post-immersion, and 610.3 for post-brushing. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed when post-brushing VHN values of both groups were compared and also within the experimental group when post-brushing values were compared with baseline values. Statistical Analysis Wilcoxon signed-rank test was applied for the evaluation of pre- and post-exposure hardness values. Level of significance was ≤0.05. Conclusion The exposure of enamel to TQ led to an improvement in its micro-hardness levels. Further studies are required to understand the mechanism of action of TQ on human tissues.

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Evaluation of fluoride releasing and recharging of orthodontic adhesive resins: An in vitro study.

Erbil Dental Journal ◽

10.15218/edj.2020.18 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 126-134

Author(s):

Sava Bakhtyar ◽

Bayan Hassan

Keyword(s):

Color Change ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Rank Test ◽

Common Side Effect ◽

Control Group ◽

Fluoride Release ◽

Adhesive Resin ◽

Fixed Appliance ◽

Signed Rank Test

Background and objective: Development of white spot lesions to be a well-recognized and common side effect of orthodontic fixed appliance, in spite of vast improvement in preventive dental techniques and procedures. The aim of this study is to determine and compare amount of fluoride releasing and recharging of orthodontic adhesive resins. Materials and methods: 12 specimens for fluoride releasing and recharging were used for each tested materials, materials tested for fluoride releasing were Transbond plus color change and Resilience (fluoridated ortho-adhesive resin). Fluoride releasing was estimated daily for 14 days, then weekly up to 28 days, then at day 42, 70 days. For fluoride recharging in addition to above materials Transbond XT (non- fluoridated ortho-adhesive resin) were used as a control group. The 12 specimens of each material were divided into two equal subgroups to simulate two different methods of fluoride application, namely, brushing with fluoride-containing toothpaste and after the topical application of fluoride gel. Fluoride releasing was measured at days 1,2,3,7 for gel application while for brushing group releasing of fluoride was measured at 7 days. Results: Mann Whitney test, Kruskal Wallis test and Wilcoxon signed rank test were used for statistical analysis. During tested period all materials showed statically different capacity to release and uptake fluoride. Transbond plus color change was highest ability for fluoride releasing and recharging when compared to others materials. Conclusion: Transbond plus color change and Resilience, showed fluoride release in distal de-ionized water. For fluoride recharging Transbond plus color change had more ability for re-charging than two other materials. Keywords: Fluoride release, fluoride recharge, ortho-adhesive resin.

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Broth Microdilution and E-Test for Determining Fluoroquinolone Activity against Streptococcus Pneumoniae

Annals of Pharmacotherapy ◽

10.1345/aph.1a119 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 416-422 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Michael B Kays ◽

Melissa A Graff

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽

T Test ◽

Rank Test ◽

Broth Microdilution ◽

Signed Rank ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽

Signed Rank Test ◽

Paired T Test

OBJECTIVE: To compare broth microdilution and E-test minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 4 fluoroquinolones against Streptococcus pneumoniae and to determine the effect of these in vitro MIC methods on the calculation of AUC0–24/MIC ratios. METHODS: Levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin, and gemifloxacin MICs were determined by broth microdilution (incubated in air) and E-test (incubated in CO2) for 100 clinical isolates of S. pneumoniae. MIC50, MIC90, and geometric mean MIC were calculated. Steady-state serum concentration—time profiles were simulated for once-daily, oral dosing of levofloxacin 500 mg, gatifloxacin 400 mg, moxifloxacin 400 mg, and gemifloxacin 320 mg. After correcting for protein binding, AUC0–24 of unbound drug was calculated for each regimen, and AUC0–24/MIC ratios were calculated using MIC data from both in vitro methods. Differences in MICs between methods were determined for each agent using the paired t-test (after logarithmic transformation of MICs) and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Differences in AUC0–24/MIC ratios were also determined using the paired t-test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The level of significance for all analyses was p < 0.05. RESULTS: Broth microdilution and E-test MICs were within ± 1 log2 dilution for 94%, 93%, 61%, and 35% of the isolates for levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin, and gemifloxacin, respectively. Broth microdilution MICs were significantly lower than E-test MICs for all 4 agents (p < 0.001). However, a categorical change in susceptibility was seen for only 1 isolate with gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin (intermediate by broth microdilution, resistant by E-test). AUC0–24/MIC ratios were significantly higher for each regimen when MICs were determined by broth microdilution compared with E-test (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: There is a significant difference in the activity of the newer fluoroquinolones against S. pneumoniae when MICs are determined by broth microdilution and E-test. When evaluating fluoroquinolone activity and pharmacodynamics against this organism, clinicians must be aware that MIC testing methodology may have a significant impact on the results.

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Gentamycin inhibition of kcl-induced contractions of myometrium isolated from non-pregnant and pregnant cows

Veterinární Medicína ◽

10.17221/5729-vetmed ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 49 (No. 11) ◽

pp. 401-405

Author(s):

H. Ocal ◽

M. Yuksel ◽

A. Ayar

Keyword(s):

Isometric Force ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Displacement Transducer ◽

Ion Concentration ◽

Rank Test ◽

Organ Bath ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Concentration Dependent Manner ◽

Signed Rank Test

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of gentamycin on KCl-induced contractions of myometrium isolated from both non-pregnant and pregnant cows. Myometrial strips were isolated from non-pregnant and pregnant cows and suspended in a jacketed organ bath filled with Krebs’ solution at 37°C (pH 7.4) continuously bubbled with 95% oxygen and 5% carbon dioxide; isometric contractions were recorded using an isometric force displacement transducer. After manifestation of spontaneous contractions, KCl (60 mM) was applied to the bath and the effects of gentamycin (300 µM, 600 µM) on the amplitude (g) and frequency of KCl-induced contractions were evaluated in 10-minute intervals. Data were statistically analysed using Student’s t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Gentamycin inhibited the frequency and amplitude of KCl-induced contractions in a concentration dependent manner. At 300 µM and 600 µM, gentamycin significantly inhibited the amplitude and reduced the frequency of contractions of myometrium isolated from both pregnant and non-pregnant cows. However, an increase in the extracellular Ca<sup>+</sup> ion concentration virtually reversed this blockade. The results of this in vitro study indicate that gentamycin inhibits KCl-induced contractions of myometrium isolated from both non-pregnant and pregnant cows.

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PENGARUH TIRAH BARING TERHADAP PENURUNAN RASA MUAL PADA KLIEN GASTRITIS DI PELAYANAN KESEHATAN

Healthy-Mu Journal ◽

10.35747/hmj.v3i1.386 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 25

Author(s):

Dewi Nurhanifah ◽

Desy Noor Latifah Sari ◽

Rahmawati Rahmawati

Keyword(s):

Rank Test ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Signed Rank ◽

Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽

Signed Rank Test

Salah satu masalah kesehatan yang sering dialami adalah penyakit gastritis. Gejala yang sering dikeluhkan oleh penderita gastritis adalah mual. Salah satu penatalaksanaan keperawatan yang dapat mengurangi rasa mual adalah tirah baring. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh tirah baring terhadap penurunan rasa mual pada klien gastritis di Pelayanan Kesehatan. Metode penelitian menggunakan eksperimental dengan bentuk penelitian one group pretest-posttest design. Populasi dan sampel adalah klien yang mengalami mual di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas yang berjumlah 15 orang. Sampel diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling. Alat pengumpul data menggunakan observasi. Analisa data melalui uji Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Hasil penelitian menujukkan klien gastritis sebelum tirah baring mengalami mual ringan sebanyak 7 orang (46,7%), sesudah tirah baring mengalami tidak mual sebanyak 7 orang (46,7%). Ada pengaruh tirah baring terhadap penurunan rasa mual pada klien gastritis di Pelayanan Kesehatan (ρ value = 0,001).

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Efektifitas Kompres Jahe Merah Hangat Dan Kompres Serai Terhadap Penurunan Intensitas Nyeri Arthritis Remathoid Pada Lanjut Usia Di Desa Mojoranu Kecamatan Dander Kabupaten Bojonegoro

Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan MAKIA ◽

10.37413/jmakia.v5i1.31 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ferawato Ferawati

Keyword(s):

Pain Intensity ◽

Therapy Group ◽

The Elderly ◽

Rank Test ◽

Test Design ◽

Signed Rank ◽

Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽

Post Test ◽

Signed Rank Test ◽

Red Ginger

ABSTRAKReumatoid Artritis (RA) merupakan penyakit muscoloskelektal yang sering terjadi pada usia lanjut. Gangguan pada system muscoloskelektal yang ditandai dengan munculnya nyeri sendi dan kekakuan yang mengakibatkan penurunan kemampuan fisiologis atau kualitas hidup lansia. Dampak dari Reumatoid Artritis dapat menimbulkan beberapa keluhan dan dapat menyebabkan kelumpuhan. Untuk menganalisis efektifitas kompres jahe merah hangat dan kompres serai hangat terhadap penurunan intensitas nyeri artitris remauthoid pada lanjut usia.Metode Penelitian: Jenis penelitian adalah quasy experimental dengan two group pre – post test design. Subjek adalah sebagian lansia yang penderita Arthritis Remathoid di Desa Sumberagung Kecamatan Dander Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Subjek dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu kelompok I (n=15) diberi perlakuan kompres jahe hangat dan II (n=15) diberi perlakuan kompres serai hangat. Analisis yang digunakan uji Mann Whitney U Test dan Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test dengan ingkat kemaknaan α = 0,05.Hasil uji Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, didapat keduanya mempunyai nilai kemaknaan yaitu ρ value = 0,000. Nilai ρ = 0,031 pada kelompok kompres serai hangat dan kelompok kompres jahe merah ρ value = 0,165. Hasil uji Mann Withney U Test pada Post perlakuan kedua terapi diperoleh selisih nilai nyeri pada kompres jahe ρ= 0,003 dan selisih nilai nyeri kompres serai ρ value = 0,001.Penggunaan kompres jahe merah lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan kompres serai terhadap penurunan intensitas nyeri arthritis remathoid. Kata Kunci: usia lanjut, Reumatoid Artritis (RA), jahe merah, serai, perbedaan efektifitas. ABSTRACTReumatoid Artritis (RA) is a musculoskeletal which frequently occurs in the elderly. The disorders in the musculoskeletal system are noted by the occurrence of pain in the joints and stiffness which reduces the physiological abilities or life quality of the elderly. The disease causes many such complaints and consequences of the disease rheumatoid arthritis may experience paralysis. The aims of this study is to analyze the effect of warm red ginger compress therapy and warm lemongrass compress therapy against of Decreased pain intensity in the elderly with artitris remauthoid. The study was Queasy experimental with two group pre – post test design. Subjects were some elderly people with Arthritis Remathoid in Sumberagung Village, Dander Sub District, Bojonegoro District. Subjects were divided into two groups: group I (n-15) with warm ginger compress therapy, and II (n=15) with warm lemongrass compress therapy. The analyses used in this study were the Mann Whitney U Test and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test with α of 0.05. Results of Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test obtained Both have meaning p value of 0.000. ρ value = 0,031 in a warm lemongrass compress therapy group and obtained of warm ginger compress therapy group ρ value = 0,165. The results of Mann Withney U Test on Post treatment second therapy, obtained difference of warm ginger compress therapy with ρ value= 0,003 and difference of warm lemongrass compress therapy with ρ value = 0,001.The use of warm ginger compresses therapy are more effective than a warm lemongrass compress therapy against decreased pain intensity in the elderly with artitris remauthoid. Keywords: elderly, artitris remauthoid, red ginger, lemongrass, differences in effectiveness

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The Degree of Subjective Complaints of Students Practice in Mechanical Technology Laboratories

International Research Journal of Engineering IT & Scientific Research ◽

10.21744/irjeis.v4i1.599 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 22

Author(s):

I Ketut Widana

Keyword(s):

Engineering Students ◽

Standing Position ◽

Statistical Test ◽

Rank Test ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Signed Rank ◽

Before And After ◽

Signed Rank Test ◽

The Difference ◽

Paired T Test

The working practice of the engineering students is part of the learning process that is irreducible and indispensable. The composition of lecturing between theoretical and practical one is 40% to 60%. With this condition, the students spend more time at the laboratory. Generally, the students perform in the laboratory work by standing position. The design of research is observational cross-sectional. The method applied is observation, interview and measuring. The subjects of research are practicing students amounting to 21 students. Referring to the analysis of statistical test or Wilcoxon signed ranks test, the difference of effect of work position is significant, namely p < 0.05 towards musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) before and after working. The quantity of the average complaint after working is score 44.62 ± 9.47. The result of Wilcoxon signed rank test shows that there is significant different effects of standing work position, namely p < 0.05 towards fatigue generally before and after working. The degree of the working pulse is on the average of 110.78 ± 17.80 bpm (beats per minutes) which can be categorized into the medium workload. Using paired t-test, the result is p < 0.05.

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