scholarly journals A Mathematical Model for COVID-19 with Variable Transmissibility and Hospitalizations: A Case Study in Paraguay

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 9726
Author(s):  
Hyun Ho Shin ◽  
Carlos Sauer Ayala ◽  
Pastor Pérez-Estigarribia ◽  
Sebastián Grillo ◽  
Leticia Segovia-Cabrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Public Institution ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Behavioural Changes ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
Hospital Resources ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Local Health System ◽  
The Impact

Forecasting the dynamics of the number of cases with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a given population is a challenging task due to behavioural changes which occur over short periods. Planning of hospital resources and containment measures in the near term require a scenario analysis and the use of predictive models to gain insight into possible outcomes for each scenario. In this paper, we present the SEIR-H epidemiological model for the spread dynamics in a given population and the impact of COVID-19 in the local health system. It was developed as an extension of the classic SEIR model to account for required hospital resources and behavioural changes of the population in response to containment measures. Time-varying parameters such as transmissibility are estimated using Bayesian methods, based on the database of reported cases with a moving time-window strategy. The assessment of the model offers reasonable results with estimated parameters and simulations, reflecting the observed dynamics in Paraguay. The proposed model can be used to simulate future scenarios and possible effects of containment strategies, to guide the public institution response based on the available resources in the local health system.

Central COVID-19 Coordination Centers in Germany: Description, economic evaluation and systematic review (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolas Schopow ◽  
Georg Osterhoff ◽  
Nikolaus von Dercks ◽  
Felix Girrbach ◽  
Christoph Josten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health System ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Local Health ◽  
The Public ◽  
Important Benefit ◽  
Economic Analyses ◽  
Management Institutions ◽  
Local Health System ◽  
Regional Hospitals

BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, Central COVID-19 Coordination Centers (CCCC) have been established at several hospitals across Germany with the intention to assist local healthcare professionals in efficiently referring patients with suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection to regional hospitals, and therefore to prevent the collapse of local health system structures. In addition, they coordinate interhospital transfers of COVID-19 patients and provide or arrange specialized telemedical consultations. OBJECTIVE This study describes the establishment and management of a CCCC at a German university hospital. METHODS We perform economic analyses (cost, cost-effectiveness, use and utility) according to the CHEERS criteria. Additionally, a systematic review was conducted to identify publications on similar institutions worldwide. RESULTS The two months with the highest local incidence (12/2020 and 01/2021) of COVID-19 cases were considered. During this time, 17.3 requests per day were made to CCCC regarding admission or transfer of COVID-19 patients. The majority of requests was made by emergency medical services (56.3%), patients with an average age of 71.8 years were involved and 69.0% of cases had already positive PCR detection. In 59.8% of the concerning patients, further treatment by the general practitioner or outpatient presentation in a hospital could be initiated after appropriate advice, 27.2% of patients were admitted to normal wards and 12.9% were directly transmitted to an intensive care unit. The operating costs of the CCCC amounted to more than €52,000 per month. 90.4% of all patients presented to the hospital were triaged and announced in advance by the CCCC. No other published economic analysis of COVID-19 coordination or management institutions at hospitals could be found. CONCLUSIONS Despite the high cost of the CCCC, we were able to show that it is a beneficial concept to both the providing hospital and the public health system. However, the most important benefit of the CCCC is that it prevents hospitals from being overrun by patients and that it avoids situations in which doctors have to weigh up one patient’s life against another´s.

scholarly journals The Case of Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 111-142
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
The State ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Life Domains ◽  
Social Quality ◽  
The Social ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Local Health System ◽  
Quality Approach

This article analyzes the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the lives of the Amazonian populations of Brazil. Following the social quality approach, it inquires into how COVID-19 intertwined with and reinforced underlying trends and inequalities in different life domains expressed in long-term societal complexities, urban–rural dynamics, and environmental transformations. The article finds that the pandemic, following coloniality of power patterns, has been instrumentalized as a necropolitical tool, and has disproportionately impacted certain peoples and territories based on ethnoracial bias. The collapse of the local health system in the State of Amazonas is a systemic burden, not serendipity. A dialogue is proposed between decolonial and social quality approaches to analyze, unveil, and denounce the interplay between the coloniality of power patterns in non-Western contexts.

scholarly journals Perceptions of the quality of generic medicines: implications for trust in public services within the local health system in Tumkur, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. e000644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Praveen Kumar Aivalli ◽  
Maya Annie Elias ◽  
Manoj Kumar Pati ◽  
Srinath Bhanuprakash ◽  
Chikkagollahalli Munegowda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Generic Medicines ◽  
Local Health System

scholarly journals Systematic review of experiences and perceptions of key actors and organisations at multiple levels within health systems internationally in responding to COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Turner ◽  
Natalia Botero-Tovar ◽  
Maria Alejandra Herrera ◽  
Juan Pablo Borda Kuhlmann ◽  
Francisco Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health System ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Qualitative Studies ◽  
System Level ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Local Health System ◽  
Organisational Level

Abstract Background COVID-19 has presented challenges to healthcare systems and healthcare professionals internationally. After one year of the pandemic, the initial evidence on health system responses begins to consolidate, and there is a need to identify and synthesise experiences of responding to COVID-19 among healthcare professionals and other health system stakeholders. This systematic review of primary qualitative studies depicts the experiences and perceptions of organisations and actors at multiple levels of health systems internationally in responding to COVID-19. Methods Six main databases of biomedical information, public health and health administration research were searched over the period October 1, 2019, to October 21, 2020. Information extracted from included studies was analysed thematically. Results Thirty-four studies were eligible for data extraction. Nine of those studies, of lower methodological quality, were removed from the thematic analysis of study results. Considering the professional level experiences, predominant themes of the studies consisted of the new roles and responsibilities of healthcare workers, burnout and distress, recognition of ´unseen´ healthcare workers, and positive changes and emergent solutions amid the crisis. Organisational level findings of the studies included provision of psychological support, COVID-19 as "catalyst" for change, and exercise of more "open" leadership by managers and health authorities. Continuous training, regulation of working conditions, providing supportive resources, coordinating a diversity of actors, and reviewing and updating regulations were roles identified  at the local health system level. Conclusions The experiences of frontline healthcare workers have been the focus of attention of the majority of primary qualitative studies as of October 2020. However, organisational and wider system level studies indicate that some responses to COVID-19 have been characterised by increased emphasis on coordination activities by local health system actors, making service adaptations at pace, and reliance on expanded roles of front-line workers. The need for theory-informed qualitative studies was identified at the organisational level. Trial registration CRD42020202875

scholarly journals Development of a Local Health-System Pharmacy Resident Society

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 709-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Hill ◽  
Thomas S. Achey ◽  
Theresa A. Nerone ◽  
Corey L. McEwen ◽  
Mark W. Hamm
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Local Health System
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