scholarly journals Docosahexaenoic Acid and Eicosapentaenoic Acid Intakes Modulate the Association of FADS2 Gene Polymorphism rs526126 with Plasma Free Docosahexaenoic Acid Levels in Overweight Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 9845
Author(s):  
Alexandra Mihailescu ◽  
Vlad Serafim ◽  
Corina Paul ◽  
Nicoleta Andreescu ◽  
Diana-Andreea Tiugan ◽  
...  

Polyunsaturated fatty acids are involved in a wide variety of biological functions. Linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid are two essential fatty acids that the body cannot synthesize. The conversion rates in the body depend on FADS2 genetic variants. Certain variations in this gene are directly responsible for the low levels and poor conversion efficiency of the delta-6 desaturase enzyme, resulting in low circulating levels of docosahexaenoic acid. In this study, we evaluated the impact of the rs526126 FADS2 gene polymorphism on fatty acid levels in a group of two hundred children (n = 95 males, n = 105 females) aged 7–18 years, with obesity defined by BMI > +2 SD. Fatty acid quantification was performed by LC-MS/MS while genotyping for genetic variants was performed using a custom-made hotspot sequencing panel of 55 SNPs. Our results suggest that rs526126 FADS2 gene polymorphism specifically impacts the plasma levels of free n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Finally, the presence of the minor allele G of rs526126 could have beneficial effects, as it was associated with higher levels of free docosahexaenoic acid in plasma, especially in children with low n-3 intakes.

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-219
Author(s):  
Arjina Parbin Sarkar ◽  
Sanjay Basumatary ◽  
Santanu Sarma ◽  
Sandeep Das

Background: Fishes are good sources of the fatty acids such as ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and fat-soluble vitamins for human consumption which play vital roles for various biological processes in the body and help in the proper growth and prevention of diseases. Objective: The objective of the present study was to determine the fatty acid composition, cholesterols, triglyceride and vitamin contents of some selected fishes from Hel river, Assam, India. Methods: Fatty acid composition of fish species was examined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, lipid components were determined following the reported methods and vitamins A and D contents were investigated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: Fatty acid compositions varied from 51.20-89.47% of saturated fatty acids, 0.27-19.68% of monounsaturated fatty acids and 1.75-30.76% of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid ranged from 0.54-22.30% and 1.26-18.85%, respectively. The fish species showed varying amounts of lipid components. The vitamins A and D were found in the range of 15.85-1287.0 μg/100 g and 45.0-677.24 μg/100 g, respectively. Conclusion: The fish species of this study are found rich in ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid along with noticeable amounts of vitamins A and D. Hence, these fish species have the potentials to serve as the natural dietary supplements for ω-3 fatty acids and other nutrients.


1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 683-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Clandinin

Metabolism of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids derived from 18:2ω−6 and 18:3ω−3 by chain elongation – desaturation is essential for synthesis of complex structural lipids, leukotrienes, thromboxanes, and prostaglandins. These essential fatty acids are required for normal function in developing tissues and appropriate maturation of a wide variety of physiological processes. During development, fetal accretion of long-chain metabolites of ω−6 and ω−3 fatty acids may result from maternal or placental synthesis and transfer or, alternatively, from the metabolism of 18:2ω−6 and 18:3ω−3 to longer chain homologues by the fetus. After birth the infant must synthesize or be fed the very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids of C20 and C22 type derived from 18:2ω−6 and 18:3ω−3.Metabolism of ω−6 and ω−3 fatty acids utilizes the same enzyme system and is competitive. When levels of dietary ω−3 and ω−6 C18 fatty acids are altered, the levels of metabolites of these precursor fatty acids change in specific brain membranes, influencing membrane lipid dependent functions. For example, a diet unbalanced in very long chain ω−3 and ω−6 fatty acids may increase brain membrane ω−3 fatty acid content when 20:5ω−3 is fed, while decreasing membrane fatty acid content of the ω−6 series of competing fatty acids. As 20:4ω−6 is quantitatively and qualitatively important to brain phospholipid, significant reduction in brain levels of 20:4ω−6 may be less than optimal. The impact of these compositional changes on brain function is not yet clear.The authors in this symposium address how this general area of essential fatty acid metabolism is relevant to the evolution of man, growth and development of fish, function of the retina and neural tissue, cognitive development of infants, and infant nutrition.


2021 ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
L. S. Starostina

Under current conditions of life with its intense rhythm, launch of new technologies, lack of time, both physical and mental workloads on a person increase. In these days, doctors more often report patients’ complaints of undue tiredness: they don’t feel rested even after a holiday and/or sleep. Today we tend to detect such manifestations not only in adults. Children also become less stress-resistant, more irritable due to an overabundance of information, and are prone to frequent infections. How can we help the growing generation cope with the increasing workloads? There’s no question, everyone knows about the need to use vitamins, but the right choice is not always possible. There are currently many single-component vitamin supplements and vitamin-mineral complexes. Some people prefer not to use industrially produced vitamins, but those contained in the natural products - fruits, vegetables, berries. But unfortunately, such a diet does not include the group of fat-soluble vitamins - A, D, E, K. In addition, far from everyone understands the importance of eating fatty acids. This article is devoted to the feasibility of additional intake of fat-soluble vitamins, polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3), their role in the body and deficiency symptoms. It has been established that the polyunsaturated fatty acid deficiency in the early period of life may trigger the development of cardiovascular disorders, problems associated with high cholesterol content, visual impairment, a drop of immunity, learning difficulties, and nervous system disorders in children in later years. Particular attention is paid to the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplement combined with vitamins (A, E, D3), which enhance the positive effects. In addition, it does not cause negative emotions since it has a fruity taste.


Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2877
Author(s):  
Yiyen Tseng ◽  
David Dominguez ◽  
Jimena Bravo ◽  
Felix Acosta ◽  
Lidia Robaina ◽  
...  

The supplementation of fish diets with OH-SeMet reduces oxidative stress and modulates immune response against bacterial infection. However, despite the importance of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish nutrition and their high risk of oxidation, the potential protective effect of OH-SeMet on these essential fatty acids has not been studied in detail. Moreover, while viral infection is very relevant in seabream production, no studies have focused the Se effects against viral infection. The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of dietary supplementation with OH-SeMet on gilthead seabream fatty acid profiles, growth performance and response against viral infection. Gilthead seabream juveniles (21.73 ± 0.27 g) were fed for 91 days with three experimental diets, a control diet without supplementation of Se (0.29 mg Se kg diet−1) and two diets supplemented with OH-SeMet (0.52 and 0.79 mg Se kg diet−1). A crowding stress test was performed at week 7 and an anti-viral response challenge were conducted at the end of the feeding trial. Selenium, proximate and fatty acid composition of diets and body tissues were analyzed. Although fish growth was not affected, elevation in dietary Se proportionally raised Se content in body tissues, increased lipid content in the whole body and promoted retention and synthesis of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Specifically, a net production of DHA was observed in those fish fed diets with a higher Se content. Additionally, both monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids were significantly reduced by the increase in dietary Se. Despite the elevation of dietary Se to 0.79 mg kg−1 not affecting basal cortisol levels, 2 h post-stress plasma cortisol levels were markedly increased. Finally, at 24 h post-stimulation, dietary OH-SeMet supplementation significantly increased the expression of the antiviral response myxovirus protein gene, showing, for the first time in gilthead seabream, the importance of dietary Se levels on antiviral defense.


2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 3481-3488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mimi Tang ◽  
Yiping Liu ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
Huande Li ◽  
Hualin Cai ◽  
...  

Low intake of omega-3 (Ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is associated with postpartum depression.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Beermann ◽  
Daniela Fussbroich ◽  
Ralf Schubert

Abstract BackgroundLong-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) are discussed to resolve chronic inflammation in asthma and other lung diseases. This study aimed at accelerating the incorporation kinetic of orally applied LCPUFA into lung tissue by co-applying medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) which enhance the fat-metabolic rate.MethodsFemale C57BL/6 mice were orally supplemented with 700 mg eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n3) (group size: n=16) or additionally with 300 mg coconut oil with 4.2 wt% MCFA of total fat per kg body weight per day (group size: n=16) for 28 days. The fatty acid profile alterations of lung tissues were monitored by fatty acid methylester-analysis with capillary gaschromatography-flame-ionization detection over 63 days.ResultsThe combined administration of EPA with MCFA increased its incorporation into the lung tissue up to day 28 (EPA 1.28 wt% ± 0,18; EPA and MCFA 1.83 wt% ± 0.17; Δ 0.55; p< 0.001 at day 28). But also its removal thereon was boosted compared to EPA supplementation alone (EPA 0.81 wt% ± 0.08; EPA and MCFA 0.58 wt% ± 0.06; Δ 0.23; p< 0.001 at day 31).ConclusionBased on the illustrated accelerating effects of MCFA on the incorporation and removal kinetics of dietary LCPUFA into lung tissue, the present study suggests a two-phase strategy for immune-regulative dietary LCPUFA-supplementation. At the very beginning supplementations should be accompanied with MCFA to support the LCPUFA-uptake, thereon MCFA should be omitted to stabilize the LCPUFA-status in the body.


2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-21
Author(s):  
Paul Joseph Mwau Mwangi ◽  
György Bázár ◽  
Tamás Tóth

The polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of the n-3 and n-6 group are important in the human body. It is therefore important that these fatty acids are consumed in the right amount and correct proportion so as to maintain a healthy physiological status in the body. Certain foods are naturally rich in these fatty acids, such as sea foods and some oilseeds. Fish and fish oils are rich in eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) and docosahexanoic acid (DHA) which are n-3 fatty acids, they play a crucial role in improving the physiological and health outcomes in conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, immune suppression and mental health. These fatty acids have also been shown to play beneficial role during pregnancy and lactation. Linolenic acid (LNA) which is abundant in oilseeds such linseed is a precursor of EPA and DHA in the human and therefore can be converted when need be, however the conversion is not very efficient and therefore cannot be used as a substitute. With the current deteriorating state of the global supply of fish and the high demand of energy causing diversion of resources to produce biofuels, the availability of these natural sources of n-3 and n-6 foods is growing ever scarce. Feeding of full-fat linseed and/or linseed oil has been shown to substantially increase the content of LNA in animal products such as meat, eggs and milk. On the other hand, fish oil supplementation in animal feeds also leads to a substantial increase in EPA and DHA to levels that can positive health effects to the public. Due to this potential to increase the amount of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in animal products, it is seen as a simpler and cheaper way to deliver an increase in consumption to the wider public in a sustainable manner. This is due to the fact that products such as milk and eggs are more widely distributed and available in the market. Some challenges are of course present, such as negative effects due to the oxidative stability of polyunsaturated fatty acids which can have negative effects on rumen function and product organoleptic characteristics. To offset the problem of rumen biohydrogenation of PUFA, various methods of protecting the seed and fish oils have been devised, allowing for feeding even higher doses without impacting negatively on production and product quality. Keywords: PUFA, fatty acid profile, cow, organoleptic


1993 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Sumida ◽  
Geneviève Vallette ◽  
Emmanuel A Nunez

Polyunsaturated fatty acids have been shown to decrease the binding of [3H]dexamethasone to rat liver glucocorticoid receptors by mixed non-competitive inhibition, suggesting that these fatty acids interact at a site on the receptor different from the hormone binding site. The present study was undertaken to localize the site of interaction of polyunsaturated fatty acids on the receptor by comparing the differential effects of docosahexaenoic acid (a 22-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acid of the series n −3) on antagonist (RU486) and agonist binding, by covalent cross-linking of the hsp 90 and other proteins to the receptor to attempt to mask the site of interaction, by limited trypsinization to cleave the site and by using antibodies against specific epitopes to prevent fatty acid access by steric hindrance. Binding [3H]RU486 was not inhibited by docosahexaenoic acid at a concentration (60 μmol/l) that increases the dissociation constant of [3H]dexamethasone eightfold. Covalent stabilization of the hetero-oligomeric glucocorticoid receptor structure did not keep the fatty acid from inhibiting [3H]dexamethasone binding. The binding to the receptor of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against different domains of the receptor did not sterically hinder the fatty acid interaction with the receptor. After limited trypsinization of the receptor, the fatty acid still increased the dissociation rate constant of [3H]dexamethasone binding, indicating that the site of interaction of polyunsaturated fatty acids is on a fragment of the receptor containing the hormone-binding domain and some sequences C-terminal of the DNA-binding domain.


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