scholarly journals Imaging Techniques for Cardiac Function

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 10549
Author(s):  
Vasileios Panis ◽  
Erwan Donal
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Computer Hardware ◽  
Cardiac Imaging Techniques ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Sound Waves ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Static Images

Cardiac imaging techniques include a variety of distinct applications with which we can visualize cardiac function non-invasively. Through different applications of physical entities such as sound waves, X-rays, magnetic fields, and nuclear energy, along with highly sophisticated computer hardware and software, it is now possible to reconstruct the dynamic aspect of cardiac function in many forms, from static images to high-definition videos and real-time three-dimensional projections. In this review, we will describe the fundamental principles of the most widely used techniques and, more specifically, which imaging modality and on what occasion we should use them in order to analyze different aspects of cardiac function.

scholarly journals High speed rotary system for catheter based 3-D imaging with optical coherence tomography (OCT)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Mauro
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Sound Waves ◽  
Acquisition Rate

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is an addition to the other tomographic imaging techniques of x-ray computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound imaging. OCT uses optical reflections of biological tissues as opposed to x-rays, RF fields, and sound waves to obtain images. A rotary and pullback system has been developed for use with OCT. The system was developed to facilitate the three dimensional imaging of various lumens in humans and animals. The system is capable of rotating at a rate of 200 Hz. At this rate the rotary system will allow for a frame acquisition rate of 200 fps which is significantly higher than the highest published acquisition rate to date of 108 fps. The probes used with the system were modeled after the Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) miniature torque cable design. The probes can be sealed and sterilized between subjects without being damaged; unlike the single use IVUS probes. The rotary system was used to image the outer ear of a mouse in vivo. A lateral slice from the resulting three dimensional image was compared to the general histology of a mouse ear. The image compared well to the general anatomy as found on the histology.

scholarly journals High speed rotary system for catheter based 3-D imaging with optical coherence tomography (OCT)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Mauro
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Sound Waves ◽  
Acquisition Rate

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is an addition to the other tomographic imaging techniques of x-ray computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound imaging. OCT uses optical reflections of biological tissues as opposed to x-rays, RF fields, and sound waves to obtain images. A rotary and pullback system has been developed for use with OCT. The system was developed to facilitate the three dimensional imaging of various lumens in humans and animals. The system is capable of rotating at a rate of 200 Hz. At this rate the rotary system will allow for a frame acquisition rate of 200 fps which is significantly higher than the highest published acquisition rate to date of 108 fps. The probes used with the system were modeled after the Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) miniature torque cable design. The probes can be sealed and sterilized between subjects without being damaged; unlike the single use IVUS probes. The rotary system was used to image the outer ear of a mouse in vivo. A lateral slice from the resulting three dimensional image was compared to the general histology of a mouse ear. The image compared well to the general anatomy as found on the histology.

scholarly journals FORAMEN MENTONIANO ACCESORIO: PRESENTACION DE UN CASO Y REVISION DE LA BIBLIOGRAFIA. Accessory mental foramen: A case report and literature review.

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-156
Author(s):  
Javier Elías Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Radiological Finding ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mental Foramen ◽  
Neurovascular Bundle ◽  
Accessory Mental Foramen ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
School Of Dentistry

El foramen mentoniano accesorio es un orificio adicional al foramen mentoniano que se localiza en la cara anterolateral externa del cuerpo mandibular y que se conecta con el conducto dentario inferior.  Su ubicación es posteroinferior al foramen mentoniano.  De acuerdo a su clasificación también se lo conoce como foramen mental doble, foramen mental adicional, foramen mental múltiple, foramen mental accesorio o foramen mandibular bucal suplementario. Su frecuencia de aparición varía del 1% al 10 %, cuando son unilaterales y del 0,47% al 1,2% cuando son bilaterales.  El  foramen mentoniano accesorio es una rara variante anatómica de poca frecuencia pero de gran relevancia clínico-quirúrgica ya que está asociado a un paquete vasculonervioso por lo cual es necesario su diagnóstico radiográfico ya sea por métodos convencionales o por alta resolución para evitar posibles complicaciones en los diferentes procedimientos odontológicos. Se presenta un caso de foramen mentoniano accesorio de un paciente remitido al Servicio de Radiología de la Facultad de Odontología de la UNC. La tomografía computada constituye el estudio por imágenes de excelencia ante la presunción de un foramen accesorio ya que los diferentes cortes tomográficos y la reconstrucción 3D nos permiten localizarlo de manera precisa e inequívoca. Constituye generalmente un hallazgo radiográfico o se observa durante procedimientos quirúrgicos al quedar al descubierto por el desplazamiento de los tejidos blandos. Cuando se localiza antes de cualquier procedimiento odontológico se deben tomar todos los recaudos necesarios para evitar daño del paquete vasculonervioso y futuras complicaciones como hemorragias o parestesias, principalmente en prácticas como la colocación de implantes dentales o las apicectomías. Accessory mental foramen (AMF) is defined as any openings in addition to mental foramen, with connection to the mandibular canal in the anterolateral aspect of mandible. According to its classification, an AMF is known as double mental foramen, additional mental foramen, multiple mental foramen, supplementary mandibular buccal foramen. The accessory mental foramen is a radiological finding or is detected during surgical procedures. Its prevalence ranges from 1.4 to 10% when it is unilateral and ranges from 0,47% to 1,2% when it is bilateral. Accessory mental foramen is an important and rare anatomical variation associated with a neurovascular bundle. Its prevalence is low. The diagnosis by conventional radiological methods or three-dimensional radiographic imaging techniques is effective to avoid complications in dental procedures. An accessory mental foramen case of a male patient referred to the Department of Radiology at the National University of Córdoba School of Dentistry is reported. The computed tomography is the most accurate imaging modality for the identification of an accessory foramen through multiplanar reformatted images and three dimensional images. When the existence of AMF is identified before dental procedures, appropriate actions should be taken to avoid damages of the neurovascular bundle and eventual complications such as hemorrhage and paresthesia principally in procedures like dental implant insertion or periapical surgery.

scholarly journals Myocardial tissue characterisation using echocardiographic deformation imaging

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed A. Moharram ◽  
Regis R. Lamberts ◽  
Gillian Whalley ◽  
Michael J. A. Williams ◽  
Sean Coffey
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cardiac Imaging Techniques ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Tissue Characterisation ◽  
Segmental Analysis ◽  
Tissue Characteristics ◽  
Myocardial Pathology

AbstractMyocardial pathology results in significant morbidity and mortality, whether due to primary cardiomyopathic processes or secondary to other conditions such as ischemic heart disease. Cardiac imaging techniques characterise the underlying tissue directly, by assessing a signal from the tissue itself, or indirectly, by inferring tissue characteristics from global or regional function. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is currently the most investigated imaging modality for tissue characterisation, but, due to its accessibility, advanced echocardiography represents an attractive alternative. Speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) is a reproducible technique used to assess myocardial deformation at both segmental and global levels. Since distinct myocardial pathologies affect deformation differently, information about the underlying tissue can be inferred by STE. In this review, the current available studies correlating STE deformation parameters with underlying tissue characteristics in humans are examined, with separate emphasis on global and segmental analysis. The current knowledge is placed in the context of integrated backscatter and the future of echocardiographic based tissue characterisation is discussed. The use of these imaging techniques to more precisely phenotype myocardial pathology more precisely will allow the design of translational cardiac research studies and, potentially, tailored management strategies.

Analysis of Three-Dimensional Ultrasound in Diagnosis of Shoulder and Neck Inflammation and Surrounding Tissue Lesions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1028-1036
Author(s):  
Ziqiang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Time Operation

Ultrasound imaging technology can not only show neck tear the degree and extent of disease, to help make the correct diagnosis, can also be used to assess shoulder neck inflammation after surgery to repair a shoulder muscle neck tissue integrity and healing. Ultrasound imaging with high-resolution, real-time operation, low cost, etc. gradually become shoulder neck inflammatory disease preferred imaging modality. The sensitivity and specificity for three-dimensional ultrasound imaging of shoulder neck inflammation were 78% and 93% in this study. The full-thickness inflammation sensitivity and specificity were 50% and 95%. The sensitivity and specificity of inflammation were 57% and 87%, respectively. This study shows that the diagnostic accuracy of 3D ultrasound imaging in shoulder and neck inflammation and surrounding tissue lesions is close to that of MRI. Three-dimensional appearance of new technologies such as ultrasound imaging will further improve ultrasound imaging techniques in shoulder neck inflammation application in the diagnosis and treatment assessment.

scholarly journals The Role of Imaging in Radiation Therapy Planning: Past, Present, and Future

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisele C. Pereira ◽  
Melanie Traughber ◽  
Raymond F. Muzic
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dose Calculation ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Tissue Contrast ◽  
Anatomical Information

The use of ionizing radiation for cancer treatment has undergone extraordinary development during the past hundred years. The advancement of medical imaging has been critical in helping to achieve this change. The invention of computed tomography (CT) was pivotal in the development of treatment planning. Despite some disadvantages, CT remains the only three-dimensional imaging modality used for dose calculation. Newer image modalities, such as magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and positron emission tomography (PET), are also used secondarily in the treatment-planning process. MR, with its better tissue contrast and resolution than those of CT, improves tumor definition compared with CT planning alone. PET also provides metabolic information to supplement the CT and MR anatomical information. With emerging molecular imaging techniques, the ability to visualize and characterize tumors with regard to their metabolic profile, active pathways, and genetic markers, both across different tumors and within individual, heterogeneous tumors, will inform clinicians regarding the treatment options most likely to benefit a patient and to detect at the earliest time possible if and where a chosen therapy is working. In the post-human-genome era, multimodality scanners such as PET/CT and PET/MR will provide optimal tumor targeting information.

scholarly journals Contrast enhanced ultrasonography in assessing the treatment response to transarterial chemoembolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeno Spârchez ◽  
Tudor Mocan ◽  
Pompilia Radu ◽  
Ofelia Anton ◽  
Nicolae Bolog
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Transarterial Chemoembolization ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Early Assessment ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ultrasonography ◽  
Current Guidelines

Abstract. The last decades have known continuous development of therapeutic strategies in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Unfortunately the disease it still not diagnosed until it is already at an intermediate or even an advanced disease. In these circumstances transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is considered an effective treatment for HCC. The most important independent prognostic factor of both disease free survival and overall survival is the presence of complete necrosis. Therefore, treatment outcomes are dictated by the proper use of radiological imaging. Current guidelines recommend contrast enhanced computer tomography (CECT) as the standard imaging technique for evaluating the therapeutic response in patients with HCC after TACE. One of the most important disadvantage of CECT is the overestimation of tumor response. As an attempt to overcome this limitation contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has gained particular attention as an imaging modality in HCC patients after TACE. Of all available imaging modalities, CEUS performs better in the early and very early assessment of TACE especially after lipiodol TACE. As any other imaging techniques CEUS has disadvantages especially in hypovascular tumors or in cases of tumor multiplicity. Not far from now the current limitations of CEUS will be overcome by the new CEUS techniques that are already tested in clinical practice such as dynamic CEUS with quantification, three-dimensional CEUS or fusion techniques.

scholarly journals Automatic projection image registration for nanoscale X-ray tomographic reconstruction

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1819-1826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Yu ◽  
Sihao Xia ◽  
Chenxi Wei ◽  
Yuwei Mao ◽  
Daniel Larsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Energy State ◽  
Tomographic Reconstruction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Projection Images

Novel developments in X-ray sources, optics and detectors have significantly advanced the capability of X-ray microscopy at the nanoscale. Depending on the imaging modality and the photon energy, state-of-the-art X-ray microscopes are routinely operated at a spatial resolution of tens of nanometres for hard X-rays or ∼10 nm for soft X-rays. The improvement in spatial resolution, however, has led to challenges in the tomographic reconstruction due to the fact that the imperfections of the mechanical system become clearly detectable in the projection images. Without proper registration of the projection images, a severe point spread function will be introduced into the tomographic reconstructions, causing the reduction of the three-dimensional (3D) spatial resolution as well as the enhancement of image artifacts. Here the development of a method that iteratively performs registration of the experimentally measured projection images to those that are numerically calculated by reprojecting the 3D matrix in the corresponding viewing angles is shown. Multiple algorithms are implemented to conduct the registration, which corrects the translational and/or the rotational errors. A sequence that offers a superior performance is presented and discussed. Going beyond the visual assessment of the reconstruction results, the morphological quantification of a battery electrode particle that has gone through substantial cycling is investigated. The results show that the presented method has led to a better quality tomographic reconstruction, which, subsequently, promotes the fidelity in the quantification of the sample morphology.

Myocarditis

2015 ◽  
pp. 536-548
Author(s):  
Heiko Mahrholdt ◽  
Ali Yilmaz ◽  
Udo Sechtem
Keyword(s):  
Endomyocardial Biopsy ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Cardiac Imaging Techniques ◽  
Myocardial Inflammation ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Inflammatory Heart Disease ◽  
Tissue Contrast ◽  
Clinical Tools

The symptoms and signs of myocarditis are non-specific. Thus, myocarditis is a differential diagnosis in many patients with heart complaints. As clinical tools, such as history taking, physical examination, blood tests, the ECG, and the chest X-ray are not sufficient to ascertain the diagnosis of myocarditis, additional information from cardiac imaging techniques, or endomyocardial biopsy are necessary to confirm or exclude the disease. Echocardiography still represents the first-choice imaging modality in patients with a clinical suspicion of myocarditis, since it offers the acquisition of comprehensive anatomic and functional data very quickly at the bedside of the patient. Due to its non-invasiveness, the lack of radiation exposure, its image quality, which helps assessing and quantifying cardiac function, and its high tissue contrast, which can be modified using various pulse sequences, CMR has become an important technique for evaluating patients with suspected myocarditis. Emerging hybrid PET/CT and PET/MRI techniques may have considerable potential for future cardiovascular inflammation imaging because they combine PET, a highly sensitive and quantitative modality to detect even low-grade inflammation, with CT or MRI that enable non-invasive assessment of cardiovascular anatomy with excellent spatial resolution. However, when managing patients with inflammatory heart disease today, it should be kept in mind that endomyocardial biopsy remains the only technique that can directly assess the presence and intensity of myocardial inflammation in vivo. Therefore, it is the technique of choice if clinically indicated to differentiate between active and healed myocarditis.

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