scholarly journals A Novel, Automated, and Real-Time Method for the Analysis of Non-Human Primate Behavioral Patterns Using a Depth Image Sensor

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 471
Author(s):  
Sang Kuy Han ◽  
Keonwoo Kim ◽  
Yejoon Rim ◽  
Manhyung Han ◽  
Youngjeon Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Home Cage ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Image Sensor ◽  
Optical Tracking ◽  
Depth Image ◽  
Behavioral Patterns ◽  
Optical Tracking System ◽  
System A ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Human Primate

By virtue of their upright locomotion, similar to that of humans, motion analysis of non-human primates has been widely used in order to better understand musculoskeletal biomechanics and neuroscience problems. Given the difficulty of conducting a marker-based infrared optical tracking system for the behavior analysis of primates, a 2-dimensional (D) video analysis has been applied. Distinct from a conventional marker-based optical tracking system, a depth image sensor system provides 3-D information on movement without any skin markers. The specific aim of this study was to develop a novel algorithm to analyze the behavioral patterns of non-human primates in a home cage using a depth image sensor. The behavioral patterns of nine monkeys in their home cage, including sitting, standing, and pacing, were captured using a depth image sensor. Thereafter, these were analyzed by observers’ manual assessment and the newly written automated program. We confirmed that the measurement results from the observers’ manual assessments and the automated program with depth image analysis were statistically identical.

Design of a Large-Torque Precise Cable Drive Mechanism

2014 ◽  
Vol 621 ◽  
pp. 323-330
Author(s):  
Wei Dong Tang ◽  
Qing Kun Zhou ◽  
Da Peng Fan ◽  
Fei Tuan Xiong ◽  
Nian Zhong Xia
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Optical Tracking ◽  
Optical Tracking System ◽  
Drive Mechanism ◽  
System A ◽  
Cable Drive ◽  
Screw Pitch

Precise cable drive has been developed as a new-style transmission element that has the advantages of low backlash, high stiffness, high efficiency, no friction and no lubrication, and is widely used in electro-optical tracking system. A precise cable drive mechanism is designed in this paper. Its torque output is greater than 50Nm and precision is less than 0.1mrad. Size of the cable is selected base on the maximum load of the cable evaluated in the process of the reciprocating motion. In order to improve the driving capacity, design the cable-groove match strategy with the non-intervene cable wrapping method. A figure eight pattern wrapped method and screw pitch of the cable wrapped line is designed. The influence of the contact angle on the preload force and the influence of the preload force on the backlash are simulated by the software Matlab when the mechanism driving the maximum load. At last magnitude of the contact angle and the preload force is confirmed.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of a New Workflow for the Acquisition of Mandibular Kinematics Based on Portable Tracking System with Passive Optical Reflective Markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3947
Author(s):  
Marco Farronato ◽  
Gianluca M. Tartaglia ◽  
Cinzia Maspero ◽  
Luigi M. Gallo ◽  
Vera Colombo
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Optical Tracking ◽  
Optical Tracking System ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Tracking Device ◽  
Mandibular Kinematics

Clinical use of portable optical tracking system in dentistry could improve the analysis of mandibular movements for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. A new workflow for the acquisition of mandibular kinematics was developed. Reproducibility of measurements was tested in vitro and intra- and inter-rater repeatability were assessed in vivo in healthy volunteers. Prescribed repeated movements (n = 10) in three perpendicular directions of the tracking-device coordinate system were performed. Measurement error and coefficient of variation (CV) among repetitions were determined. Mandibular kinematics of maximum opening, left and right laterality, protrusion and retrusion of five healthy subjects were recorded in separate sessions by three different operators. Obtained records were blindly examined by three observers. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to estimate inter-rater and intra-rater reliability. Maximum in vitro measurement error was 0.54 mm and CV = 0.02. Overall, excellent intra-rater reliability (ICC > 0.90) for each variable, general excellent intra-rater reliability (ICC = 1.00) for all variables, and good reliability (ICC > 0.75) for inter-rater tests were obtained. A lower score was obtained for retrusion with “moderate reliability” (ICC = 0.557) in the inter-rater tests. Excellent repeatability and reliability in optical tracking of primary movements were observed using the tested portable tracking device and the developed workflow.

scholarly journals High Precision Optical Tracking System Based on near Infrared Trinocular Stereo Vision

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2528
Author(s):  
Songlin Bi ◽  
Yonggang Gu ◽  
Jiaqi Zou ◽  
Lianpo Wang ◽  
Chao Zhai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Stereo Vision ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Optical Tracking ◽  
Tracking Accuracy ◽  
Optical Tracking System ◽  
Dynamic Tracking ◽  
Trinocular Stereo

A high precision optical tracking system (OTS) based on near infrared (NIR) trinocular stereo vision (TSV) is presented in this paper. Compared with the traditional OTS on the basis of binocular stereo vision (BSV), hardware and software are improved. In the hardware aspect, a NIR TSV platform is built, and a new active tool is designed. Imaging markers of the tool are uniform and complete with large measurement angle (>60°). In the software aspect, the deployment of extra camera brings high computational complexity. To reduce the computational burden, a fast nearest neighbor feature point extraction algorithm (FNNF) is proposed. The proposed method increases the speed of feature points extraction by hundreds of times over the traditional pixel-by-pixel searching method. The modified NIR multi-camera calibration method and 3D reconstruction algorithm further improve the tracking accuracy. Experimental results show that the calibration accuracy of the NIR camera can reach 0.02%, positioning accuracy of markers can reach 0.0240 mm, and dynamic tracking accuracy can reach 0.0938 mm. OTS can be adopted in high-precision dynamic tracking.

scholarly journals Skill Transference of a Probe-Tube Placement Training Simulator

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (01) ◽  
pp. 040-049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Koch ◽  
Hasan Saleh ◽  
Paula Folkeard ◽  
Sheila Moodie ◽  
Conner Janeteas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Optical Tracking ◽  
Tube Placement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Educational Settings ◽  
Training Simulator ◽  
Nonlinear Mixed Model ◽  
Optical Tracking System ◽  
Clinical Scenarios

AbstractProbe-tube placement is a necessary step in hearing aid verification which needs ample hands-on experience and confidence before performing in clinic. To improve the methods of training in probe-tube placement, a manikin-based training simulator was developed consisting of a 3D-printed head, a flexible silicone ear, and a mounted optical tracking system. The system is designed to provide feedback to the user on the depth and orientation of the probe tube, and the time required to finish the task. Although a previous validation study was performed to determine its realism and teachability with experts, further validation is required before implementation into educational settings.This study aimed to examine the skill transference of a newly updated probe-tube placement training simulator to determine if skills learned on this simulator successfully translate to clinical scenarios.All participants underwent a pretest in which they were evaluated while performing a probe-tube placement and real-ear-to-coupler difference (RECD) measurement on a volunteer. Participants were randomized into one of two groups: the simulator group or the control group. During a two-week training period, all participants practiced their probe-tube placement according to their randomly assigned group. After two weeks, each participant completed a probe-tube placement on the same volunteer as a posttest scenario.Twenty-five novice graduate-level student clinicians.Participants completed a self-efficacy questionnaire and an expert observer completed a questionnaire evaluating each participant’s performance during the pre- and posttest sessions. RECD measurements were taken after placing the probe tube and foam tip in the volunteer’s ear. Questionnaire results were analyzed through nonparametric t-tests and analysis of variance, whereas RECD results were analyzed using a nonlinear mixed model method.Results suggested students in the simulator group were less likely to contact the tympanic membrane when placing a probe tube, appeared more confident, and had better use of the occluding foam tip, resulting in more improved RECD measurements.The improved outcomes for trainees in the simulator group suggest that supplementing traditional training with the simulator provides useful benefits for the trainees, thereby encouraging its usage and implementation in educational settings.

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