scholarly journals Analysis of Viscosity Change and Oil Leakage Characteristics According to CaCO3 Particle Size and Anti-Sedimentation Agent Content on Bituminous Emulsion Mastic

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 690
Author(s):  
Su-Young Choi ◽  
Dong-Bum Kim ◽  
Wan-Goo Park ◽  
Jin-Sang Park ◽  
Sang-Keun Oh
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Viscosity Change ◽  
Melting Method ◽  
Oil Leakage ◽  
Caco3 Particle ◽  
Leakage Characteristics

This study analyzed the characteristics of viscosity change and oil leakage stability according to the average particle size and content of organic and mineral-based extenders such as CaCO3(CA) and anti-sedimentation (ASE) among materials consisting of bituminous emulsion mastic (BEM). The fabrication of samples for research was done using a melting method of 2L capacity with the production mixing ratio of BEM used in the actual manufacturing process as a standard mixing ratio. Each sample size was adjusted to 16 μm, 5 μm, 2 μm, 1.4 μm and 1 μm, the average particle size of CA as a variable, and the content of ASE for each particle size was set to increase from 1 to 6 times the standard mixing ratio. The analysis found that in all average particle sizes of CA, the viscosity increased as the content of anti-sedimentation increased, and the viscosity was highest at the CA average particle size of 16 μm. The viscosity increased as the average particle size decreased at 5 μm, 2 μm, 1.4 μm and 1 μm. In addition, it was confirmed that the oil leakage stability increased as the average particle size of CA decreased, and the content of ASE increased. The evaluation results showed that specimens that met both workability and oil leakage stability conditions were the specimens with 4 times and 5 times the ASE content at the CA average particle size of 2 μm, and those with twice the ASE content at the CA average particle size of 1.4 μm.

Effects of Dissolving Agents on Particle Size Reduction of Titanium Dioxide Synthesized by Solution Combustion Technique

2016 ◽  
Vol 690 ◽  
pp. 236-239
Author(s):  
Oratai Jongprateep ◽  
Rachata Puranasamriddhi
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Solution Combustion ◽  
Initial Reagent ◽  
Combustion Technique

High photocatalytic activity of nanoparticulate titanium dioxide has attracted worldwide attention. Synthesis techniques of the nanoparticles, however, often require high energy supply or costly initial reagents. Solution combustion technique is an energy-effective technique capable of synthesizing nanosized titanium powders. This research aimed at utilizing a less expensive initial reagent in synthesis of nanoparticulate titanium dioxide by the solution combustion technique. The research also examined effects of dissolving agents on chemical composition and particle sizes of the synthesized powders. A low-cost initial reagent, titanium dioxide with average particle size of 154 nanometers, was dissolved in sulfuric acid or dispersed in nitric acid prior to the combustion. Experimental results revealed that the pure anatase phase titanium dioxide was successfully obtained in powders prepared from both sulfuric acid and nitric acid. The average particle size of the powder prepared from sulfuric acid was 77 nanometers, while that of the powder prepared from nitric acid was 117 nanometers. The difference in particle sizes was attributed to solubility of the initial reagent in the acid. Complete solution of initial reagent in sulfuric acid was the main factor attributed to finer particle size.

Determination of Latex Particle Size Distributions by Fractional Creaming with Sodium Alginate

1961 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Schmidt ◽  
P. H. Biddison
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Mass Distribution ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Particle Size Distributions

Abstract Knowledge of mass distribution of particle sizes in latex is very important to the latex technologist. Therefore, it is desirable to have available a simple method for the determination of mass distribution of particle sizes. This paper presents a method, based on fractional creaming of latex with sodium alginate, which can be used in any laboratory without special equipment. The method is particularly advantageous for analyzing latexes of very wide particle size distributions. When analyzed with an electron microscope, these latexes require counting a very large number of particles. McGavack found that partial creaming of normal hevea latex with ammonium alginate gives concentrates of larger average particle size than the original latex. He found that the average particle size in the cream approaches that of the original latex as the amount of creaming agent is increased. In a previous paper from this laboratory, Schmidt and Kelsey demonstrated that the phenomenon of fractionation according to particle size with increasing amounts of creaming agent is applicable in a wide variety of anionic latex systems and in colloidal silica. Their results indicated also the existence of a quantitative relationship, independent of the nature of the dispersed particles, between the concentration of creaming agent and size of creamed particles. Maron confirmed fractionation with respect to particle size as a consequence of partial creaming with alginate. He showed that the mass average particle sizes of fractions, determined optically, cumulate to that of the original latex. Although the previous paper by Schmidt and Kelsey implied the basic concept of a method of determining particle size distribution by fractional creaming, it was not exploited at that time. In order to adapt the fractional creaming phenomenon to a quantitative method for particle size determination, we required a more precise knowledge of the relation between creaming agent concentration and size of particles creamed. It was proposed to establish this relationship with the aid of the electron microscope. Various factors influencing the creaming of latex, such as polymer concentration, electrolyte, soap content, and variability of the creaming agent, had to be considered in standardizing the creaming procedure.

scholarly journals f INFLUENCE OF PISTACHIO SHELL POWDER REINFORCEMENT ON FTIR AND DSC BEHAVIOR OF PMMA ACRYLIC RESIN

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-76
Author(s):  
Jawad Kadhim Oleiwi ◽  
Jawad Kadhim Oleiwi
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Denture Base ◽  
Pistachio Shell ◽  
Heat Cure ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
Shell Powder

Although, the PMMA have good advantages made it appropriate to denture base applications. But its low impact and fracture strength represent the main drawbacks of it.so many studies had been done in order to overcome these problems. In this study Pistachio Shell powder was added in different weight fractions of about (3, 6, 9 and 12 wt. %) and different average particle sizes of about (53µm, 106µm, 150µm and212µm) to (heat-cure) PMMA that is popularly utilize in denture base applications and study the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) behavior of this bio composite. The results were as the following: the FTIR results demonstrated that there are no new peaks appeared after the reinforcing by Pistachio Shell powder. Also there was no shifting in any of these peaks. While the DSC test showed that the glass transition temperature (Tg) increased as the particle size of Pistachio Shell powder increased. The highest value of Tg (126.9?) was obtained for composite specimen reinforced with 12% of Pistachio Shell powder with average particle size of about (212µm).

TEM Study of Rhodium Catalysts with Manganese Promoter

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Merritt ◽  
Y. Zhao ◽  
R.F. Klie
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Rhodium Catalysts ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Z Contrast ◽  
Electron Energy Loss

The focus of this research is on studying the effects of a manganese promoter on rhodium particles for the purposes of ethanol catalysation from syngas. Through TEM imaging, the particle size has been studied both before and after reduction with and without a manganese promoter. For pure rhodium on silica, the average particle size before reduction was 3.1 ± 0.8 nm and 3.1 ± 0.8 nm after reduction. For rhodium with a manganese promoter on silica, the average particle size before reduction was 2.3 ± 0.5 nm and 2.4 ± 0.7 nm after reduction. These results point to a clear effect of manganese on the particle sizes of rhodium, but an insufficient effect on particle size to fully explain all effects of manganese promotion on rhodium catalysts. Further research will be focusing on using a JEOL-2010F to conduct electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and Z-contrast imaging structural studies.

Compaction of ZrO2(Y2O3) Powders with Different Particle Sizes and Effects on the Sintering

2014 ◽  
Vol 798-799 ◽  
pp. 719-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Aparecida Araújo da Silva ◽  
Luiz Cláudio Lemos de Assis ◽  
Roberto de Oliveira Magnago ◽  
Alexandre Alvarenga Palmeira ◽  
Gabriel Rocha Lellis Villanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Tetragonal Phase ◽  
Compaction Pressure ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Green Density ◽  
Full Densification

In this work, compacting powders of different ZrO2(Y2O3) are investigated relating the particle size, compaction pressure, and use of binders. Powders of ZrO2 stabilized with 3mol % Y2O3 with an average particle size of 0.15 to 0.7μm presence of both bonding and 0.15μm without addition of binder, were uniaxially compacted with pressures of 30 to 115MPa. Green density between 40% and 50% were obtained. The results indicate that powders sized less densification above 1400°C, while the larger sizes only after reaching full densification above 1500°C. Crystallographic characterization indicates that the powders have a percentage of monoclinic phases in the range of 15% to 26%, but only after sintering tetragonal phase is identified.

Optimum formulation derivation for the ultimate packing fraction using monodispersed particle sizes when optimizing suspension viscosities

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-56
Author(s):  
Richard D. Sudduth
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Packing Fraction ◽  
Size Ratio ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Monodisperse Particle ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Particle Size Ratio ◽  
Minimum Number

Purpose The importance of maximizing the particle packing fraction in a suspension by maximizing average particle size ratio of D5/D1 has been adequately shown to be important as previously reported in the literature. This study aims to extend that analysis to include the best formulation approach to maximize the packing fraction with a minimum number of monodisperse particle sizes. Design/methodology/approach An existing model previously developed by this author was modified theoretically to optimize the ratio used between consecutive monodisperse particle sizes. This process was found to apply to a broad range of particle configurations and applications. In addition, five different approaches for maximizing average particle size ratio D̅5/D̅1 were addressed for blending several different particle size distributions. Maximizing average particle size ratio D̅5/D̅1 has been found to result in an optimization of the packing fraction. Several new concepts were also introduced in the process of maximizing the packing fraction for these different approaches. Findings The critical part of the analysis to maximize the packing fraction with a minimum number of particles was the theoretical optimization of the ratio used between consecutive monodisperse particle sizes. This analysis was also found to be effectively independent of the maximum starting particle size. This study also clarified the recent incorrect claim in the literature that Furnas in 1931 was the first to generate the maximum theoretical packing fraction possible for n different particles that was actually originally developed in conjunction with the Sudduth generalized viscosity equation. In addition, the Furnas generated equation was also shown to give significantly different results from the Sudduth generated equation. Research limitations/implications Experimental data involving monodisperse particles of different blends with a minimum number of particle sizes that are truly monodisperse are often extremely difficult to obtain. However, the theoretical general concepts can still be applicable. Practical implications The expanded model presented in this article provides practical guidelines for blending pigments using a minimum number of monodisperse particle sizes that can yield much higher ratios of the particle size averages D̅5/D̅1 and thus potentially achieve significantly improved properties such as viscosity. Originality/value The model presented in this article provides the first apparent guidelines to control the blending of pigments in coatings by the optimization of the ratio used between consecutive monodisperse particle sizes. This analysis was also found to be effectively independent of the maximum starting particle size.

scholarly journals Evaluation of different fly ash samples on the production of alkali-activated materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Galvão Souza Azevedo ◽  
Luis Fernando Tonholo Domingos ◽  
Kurt Strecker
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Specific Mass ◽  
Fe2o3 Content ◽  
Alkali Activated

abstract: In this work, different samples of fly ash (FA-A and FA-B) classified as type F as used to produce the AAM samples. The FA-A presented a higher Fe2O3 content than FA-B, 6.1 to 3.8 wt.%, and a slightly higher SiO2/Al2O3 ratio of 3.52 in comparison to 3.34 of FA-B. The average particle size (D50) of fly ash A was 19.7 µm and of fly ash B 30.8 µm, while the specific mass of the ashes A and B were 2.38 and 2.21 g/cm3, respectively. The results revealed that the mechanical strength of the AAM produced with fly ash A was higher than fly ash B, close to 80 and 44 MPa, respectively. The variation of the strength has been attributed to the different SiO2/Al2O3 ratios and different particle sizes. The mechanical strength decreased with increasing curing time, which is attributed to excess alkali in the system. Only very small differences in porosity and density have been found.

scholarly journals Optimum Particle Size of Treated Calcites for CO2 Capture in a Power Plant

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Quesada Carballo ◽  
María del Rosario Perez Perez ◽  
David Cantador Fernández ◽  
Alvaro Caballero Amores ◽  
José María Fernández Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Co2 Flow ◽  
Adsorption Of Co2

This work has analyzed the influence of the particle size of a calcite from a quarry, whether original, calcined, or rehydrated, on the efficiency of CO2 capture of the gases emitted in a coal-fired power plant. Three different particle sizes 0.5 mm, 0.1 mm, and 0.045 mm have been studied. The calcination had a minimal effect on the particle size of the smaller samples A1045 and A1M1 (<30 μm). The N2 isotherms and the CO2 adsorption isotherms at 0 °C showed a very significant increase in the surface of the calcined and rehydrated samples (A15CH, A1045CH, and A1M1CH) with respect to the calcined or original samples. The results obtained showed that the capture of CO2 for the sample A1M1, with a smaller average particle size (<30 μm, is the most effective. For the sample A1M1 calcined and completely rehydrated (Ca(OH)2), the chemical adsorption of CO2 to form CaCO3 is practically total, under the experimental conditions used (550 °C and CO2 flow of 20 mL min−1). The weight increase was 34.11% and the adsorption capacity was 577.00 mg g−1. The experiment was repeated 10 times with the same sample A1M1 calcined and rehydrated. No appreciable loss of adsorption capacity was observed.

Measurement of Average Particle Size of Fine Pigments

1932 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Gehman ◽  
T. C. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Carbon Blacks ◽  
Count Method

Abstract A method of obtaining excellently dispersed suspensions of rubber pigments of accurate concentration is described in which the pigment is milled into rubber and the stock then dissolved in a solvent. The average particle sizes of carbon blacks measured by the Zsigmondy count method were found to range from 0.061μ for rubber gas black to 2.22μ for the coarsest one measured. The zinc oxide pigments had average particle sizes from 0.076μ to 0.57μ.. Measurements on several other pigments of interest are included. Because of the high visibility in the ultra-microscope, this method gives smaller values for average particle size than the photomicrographic methods. The results have been used to calibrate a microturbidimeter of the extinction type for use in measuring average particle size. Curves are included showing how the turbidities of suspensions of zinc oxide and carbon black vary with the average particle size, concentration, and wave length of light used.

Compositions and Particle Sizes of (RE)Ba2Cu3O7-X Superconductor Powders Synthesized by the Solution Combustion Technique

2012 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 286-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oratai Jongprateep ◽  
Pimsiri Tangbuppa ◽  
Nattawan Manasnilobon
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Solution Combustion ◽  
Superconducting Compounds ◽  
Combustion Technique

Superconducting compounds (RE) Ba2Cu3O7-x (RE = rare earth such as Y, Er, Sm and Nd) can be exploited in various industrial applications such as cables, electric motors and energy storage systems. The project aimed at synthesizing fine-particle YBa2Cu3O7-x, ErBa2Cu3O7-x, SmBa2Cu3O7-x and NdBa2Cu3O7-x, powders with compositions suitable for the applications. Solution combustion technique was employed in the synthesis, using urea as fuel. Compositional analysis obtained from x-ray diffraction indicated that the as-synthesized powders contained the desired (RE)Ba2Cu3O7-x (RE123) superconducting phase and impurities, including (RE)2BaCuO5 (RE211), BaCO3 and Ba(NO3)2. However, majority of the impurities were eliminated when the powders were calcined at 900°C. Only (RE)Ba2Cu3O7-x (RE123) and (RE)2BaCuO5 (RE211) phases remained after calcination. Results from scanning electron microscope showed that the as-synthesized powders obtained from the solution combustion technique had relatively small particles with average particle size of 0.67 micrometers, while the calcined powders exhibited coarsening effects with average particle size of 4.4 micrometers.

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