scholarly journals Metal Accumulation Properties of Eight Traditionally Utilized Nutritional Plants and Their Potential as Suitable Crops for Cultivation on Acidic Soils of the Northern Province Uíge, Angola

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 792
Author(s):  
Christin Baumgärtel ◽  
Thea Lautenschläger ◽  
Mazekana H. G. Panzo ◽  
Francisco Afonso ◽  
Christoph Neinhuis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
High Metal ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Local Plants ◽  
Child Mortality Rate ◽  
Growing Conditions

High metal contents of acidic soils from sub-Saharan Africa often prevent the cultivation of crops and lead to a low livestock yield. The carbohydrate rich diet of the Angolan population is low in minerals and vitamins, resulting in various deficiency syndromes and a high child mortality rate. Eight traditionally utilized plants (Anisophyllea quangensis, Annona stenophylla subsp. cuneata, Canarium schweinfurthii, Eugenia malangensis, Landolphia lanceolata, Raphionacme madiensis, Tristemma mauritianum, Vitex madiensis subsp. madiensis) with nutritional value for the Angolan population were analyzed for their soil and growing conditions. The species are adapted to the local conditions and can serve as crops for the unfavorable soils of the province Uíge. Chemical and physical characteristics of the uppermost soil (0–5 cm) and in 30 cm depth were analyzed. The plant-available macro-and micronutrients were determined using Mehlich 3 extraction. Data are completed with leaf tissue analyses, examining the uptake of minerals. As aluminum (Al) and manganese (Mn) are plant-available in high amounts, local plants evolved mechanisms dealing with those metals. These Al accumulators with foliar contents above 1000 mg/kg are Anisophyllea quangensis (7884 mg/kg), Landolphia lanceolata (6809 mg/kg), Tristemma mauritianum (4674 mg/kg), and Eugenia malangensis (13,989 mg/kg). All four species bear edible fruits with nutritional potential. The domestication and commercialization of those plants seem to be promising, utilizing local soils without expensive amelioration techniques.

How China is Reshaping the Global Economy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhys Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
First Century ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Global Capital ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The One ◽  
Global Commodity Markets

The growth of China and its re-emergence as a major economic power has been a key feature of globalization in the twenty-first century. China has become an increasingly significant actor in the global economy, and this is likely to continue in the foreseeable future. The implications of this for Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) have been a source of major debate. This book examines the arguments drawing on a growing body of research on China’s economic involvement in SSA and LAC. It begins by considering the process of economic reform in China from the late 1970s that provided the basis for China’s growing integration with the global economy. It considers four aspects of this integration: the growth of China as a global manufacturing centre, its impact on global commodity markets, the overseas expansion of Chinese firms as part of the ‘Go Global’ policy, and the increased role of China in global capital flows. Discussion of China’s impact on SSA and LAC is characterized by disagreements over both the extent of its presence and the underlying drivers. The book documents the different forms of Chinese economic involvement and clarifies some of the confusion that has arisen over the extent of China’s presence. It then analyzes the economic, social, political, and environmental impacts of China on both regions, to show a much more varied picture than the one that is often presented. These impacts depend to a significant extent on local conditions and actors, and cannot simply be read off as a consequence of Chinese expansion.

The Idea of Economic Development

2014 ◽  
pp. 270-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hippolyte Fofack
Keyword(s):  
National Income ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Global Knowledge ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Development Models ◽  
Development Framework ◽  
Broad Concept ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Development Outcomes

Although development generally refers to a broad concept, the quest for development in sub-Saharan Africa has been biased by ideological considerations which made abstraction of local conditions and people’s aspirations. The prevalent development models have used increased national income as a sufficient statistics for broad-based development. This chapter argues for an alternative and a more comprehensive and reflexive development framework that harnesses local and global knowledge and advocates generalized balanced growth and structural transformation to move sub-Saharan African countries towards self-reliance—their collectively defined aspirational goal. Analytically, it shows that the potential development outcomes of the region under such an endogenous framework would be superior to the results achieved under the prevailing development models.

scholarly journals Human health improvement in Sub-Saharan Africa through integrated management of arthropod transmitted diseases and natural resources

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (suppl) ◽  
pp. S37-S46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann Baumgärtner ◽  
Markus Bieri ◽  
Giuseppe Buffoni ◽  
Gianni Gilioli ◽  
Hiremagalur Gopalan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Sub Saharan

A concept of an ecosystem approach to human health improvement in Sub-Saharan Africa is presented here. Three factors mainly affect the physical condition of the human body: the abiotic environment, vector-transmitted diseases, and natural resources. Our concept relies on ecological principles embedded in a social context and identifies three sets of subsystems for study and management: human disease subsystems, natural resource subsystems, and decision-support subsystems. To control human diseases and to secure food from resource subsystems including livestock or crops, integrated preventive approaches are preferred over exclusively curative and sectorial approaches. Environmental sustainability - the basis for managing matter and water flows - contributes to a healthy human environment and constitutes the basis for social sustainability. For planning and implementation of the human health improvement scheme, participatory decision-support subsystems adapted to the local conditions need to be designed through institutional arrangements. The applicability of this scheme is demonstrated in urban and rural Ethiopia.

scholarly journals The value of climate-resilient seeds for smallholder adaptation in sub-Saharan Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 162 (3) ◽  
pp. 1213-1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar J. Cacho ◽  
Jonathan Moss ◽  
Philip K. Thornton ◽  
Mario Herrero ◽  
Ben Henderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Climate Shocks

Abstract Climate change is threatening food security in many tropical countries, where a large proportion of food is produced by vulnerable smallholder farmers. Interventions are available to offset many of the negative impacts of climate change on agriculture, and they can be tailored to local conditions often through relative modest investments. However, little quantitative information is available to guide investment or policy choices at a time when countries and development agencies are under pressure to implement policies that can help achieve Sustainable Development Goals while coping with climate change. Among smallholder adaptation options, developing seeds resilient to current and future climate shocks expected locally is one of the most important actions available now. In this paper, we used national and local data to estimate the costs of climate change to smallholder farmers in Malawi and Tanzania. We found that the benefits from adopting resilient seeds ranged between 984 million and 2.1 billion USD during 2020–2050. Our analysis demonstrates the benefits of establishing and maintaining a flexible national seed sector with participation by communities in the breeding, delivery, and adoption cycle.

scholarly journals Pratiques Paysannes De Production Durable Des Graines De Voandzou [Vigna Subterranea (L.) Verdc.] Pour La Sécurité Alimentaire Dans Le Cameroun Septentrional

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 424
Author(s):  
Madou Chantal ◽  
Watching Djakissam ◽  
Vatsou Jeremie ◽  
Ardjoune Fatime ◽  
Ndjouenkeu Robert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Bambara Groundnut ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Leguminous Plant ◽  
Northern Cameroon ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Local Plants

Bambara groundnut is a leguminous plant with high nutritive value of Sub Saharan Africa. In spite of its high potential in alimentation, the Bambara groundnut is less popularized. This crop grows on acid, dry and less fertile soils and may therefore be a resilient crop in the context of climatic variability. The present work aims to identify of all the morphotypes of this culture and the usual tools of conservation of its seeds during the storage process. Investigations carried out during 3 agricultural campaigns showed that women more than 40 years old represents more than 98% of producers of Bambara groundnuts in northern Cameroon. The production concerns 54 morphotypes use as food or as medicinal plants. During storage of grains of this legumes, the major pest is the bruchid Callosobruchus maculatus Fab. (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae). Under traditional production way, the limitation of the postharvest losses due to this pest is done either by the use of 21 local plants as botanical insecticide or by the use of 25 industrial chemical pesticides.

Does the historical and institutional re-construction of Ghana support the transfer of HRM practices?

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desmond Tutu Ayentimi ◽  
John Burgess ◽  
Kantha Dayaram
Keyword(s):  
Host Country ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hrm Practices ◽  
Country Factors ◽  
Practice Transfer ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Institutional Legacies

Purpose This study aims to investigate whether the historical and institutional re-construction of Ghana support the transfer of human resource management (HRM) practices and if so, what local conditions support such transfer? Design/methodology/approach The paper draws from an exploratory qualitative study design by assimilating history, culture and institutions (social institutionalist perspective) to explore host-country factors and conditions supporting the transfer of HRM practices in a developing country context. Findings The study finds the colonial history, and the political and economic interests of Ghana to mimic best HRM policies and practices from its colonial masters and other advanced economies provided strong institutional support for the transfer of HRM practices. Research limitations/implications This paper complements the understanding of HRM practice transfer literature by highlighting the significance of host-country historical and institutional re-construction support in developing economies as key drivers for the diffusion of HRM practices. Practical implications By incorporating institutions, history and culture to form the underpinning social context, it offers a new perspective into how historical, cultural and colonial institutional legacies as entrenched social instruments facilitate HRM practice transfer in Sub-Saharan Africa. Originality/value The integration of institutions, history and culture (social institutionalist perspective) provide a wider understanding of factors that denote the effect of Ghanaian contextual distinctiveness as against the continued colonial institutional legacies (inheritance) supporting the transfer of HRM practices. This is the first study to consider how local institutions, culture and history of Ghana support the transfer of HRM practices to subsidiaries.

scholarly journals Mapping the Structure of Social Vulnerability Systems for Malaria in East Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 5112
Author(s):  
Linda Menk ◽  
Christian Neuwirth ◽  
Stefan Kienberger
Keyword(s):  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
East African ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Vulnerability Indicators ◽  
Correlation Structures ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Spatial Entities ◽  
And Coping

Millions of people fall ill with malaria every year—most of them are located in sub-Saharan Africa. The weight of the burden of malaria on a society is determined by a complex interplay of environmental and social factors, including poverty, awareness and education, among others. A substantial share of the affected population is characterized by a general lack of anticipation and coping capacities, which renders them particularly vulnerable to the disease and its adverse side effects. This work aims at identifying interdependencies and feedback mechanisms in the malaria social vulnerability system and their variations in space by combining concepts, methods and tools from Climate Change Adaptation, Spatial Analysis, and Statistics and System Dynamics. The developed workflow is applied to a selected set of social, economic and biological vulnerability indicators covering five East-African Nations. As the study areas’ local conditions vary in a multitude of aspects, the social vulnerability system is assumed to vary accordingly throughout space. The study areas’ spatial entities were therefore aggregated into three system-regions using correlation-based clustering. Their respective correlation structures are displayed as Causal Loop Diagrams (CLDs). While the three resulting CLDs do not necessarily display causal relations (as the set of social vulnerability indicators are likely linked through third variables and parts of the data are proxies), they give a good overview of the data, can be used as basis for discussions in participatory settings and can potentially enhance the understanding the malaria vulnerability system.

scholarly journals Quantifying the prevalence of (non)-response to fertilizers in sub-Saharan Africa using on-farm trial data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Generose Nziguheba ◽  
Joost van Heerwaarden ◽  
Bernard Vanlauwe
Keyword(s):  
Response Variability ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Fertilizer Response ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Production Risk ◽  
Residual Variation ◽  
Actual Field ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Fertilizer Adoption ◽  
On Farm

AbstractPoor and variable crop responses to fertilizer applications constitute a production risk and may pose a barrier to fertilizer adoption in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Attempts to measure response variability and quantify the prevalence of non-response empirically are complicated by the fact that data from on-farm fertilizer trials generally include diverse nutrients and do not include on-site replications. The first aspect limits the extent to which different studies can be combined and compared, while the second does not allow to distinguish actual field-level response variability from experimental error and other residual variations. In this study, we assembled datasets from 41 on-farm fertilizer response trials on cereals and legumes across 11 countries, representing different nutrient applications, to assess response variability and quantify the frequency of occurrence of non-response to fertilizers. Using two approaches to account for residual variation, we estimated non-response, defined here as a zero agronomic response to fertilizer in a given year, to be relatively rare, affecting 0–1 and 7–16% of fields on average for cereals and legumes respectively. The magnitude of response could not be explained by climatic and selected topsoil variables, suggesting that much of the observed variation may relate to unpredictable seasonal and/or local conditions. This implies that, despite demonstrable spatial bias in our sample of trials, the estimated proportion of non-response may be representative for other agro-ecologies across SSA. Under the latter assumption, we estimated that roughly 260,000 ha of cereals and 3,240,000 ha of legumes could be expected to be non-responsive in any particular year.

scholarly journals Africa’s evolving vegetable seed sector: status, policy options and lessons from Asia

Food Security ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pepijn Schreinemachers ◽  
Julie Howard ◽  
Michael Turner ◽  
Simon N. Groot ◽  
Bhupen Dubey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Private Sector Investment ◽  
Vegetable Seed ◽  
Sub Saharan

AbstractFostering better access to more nutritious foods across sub-Saharan Africa will be critical to ending hunger and malnutrition. In Asia, vegetable production and consumption have grown rapidly since the 1990s and the development of a dynamic vegetable seed industry, led by the private sector, played a pivotal role in this process. The availability of locally-bred and adapted varieties facilitated the rapid expansion of production and increased the supply of affordable vegetables to consumers. In contrast, the vegetable seed sector in sub-Saharan Africa has been slow to develop and has received little attention in the development agenda. Drawing from Asia’s experience, this paper outlines a four-point strategy to accelerate the vegetable seed sector in sub-Saharan Africa. First, there is a need to strengthen the technical capacity of African seed companies to allow them to develop varieties that are well-adapted to local conditions and consumer preferences. Second, seed regulations, originally designed with food grains in mind, should be reviewed and revised to facilitate domestic vegetable breeding research and seed production. Third, more farmer extension is needed to exploit improved varieties together with good management practices. Fourth, vegetable marketing systems should be strengthened to reduce risks to farmers and traders. Investment in these four areas will help energize private sector investment in the vegetable seed sector. Asian experience suggests that investment in locally adapted vegetable varieties is a critical step in improving productivity, availability and ultimately consumption of nutritious vegetables.

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