scholarly journals On the Detection Capabilities of Signature-Based Intrusion Detection Systems in the Context of Web Attacks

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 852
Author(s):  
Jesús Díaz-Verdejo ◽  
Javier Muñoz-Calle ◽  
Antonio Estepa Alonso ◽  
Rafael Estepa Alonso ◽  
Germán Madinabeitia
Keyword(s):  
Intrusion Detection ◽  
False Alarm ◽  
False Alarm Rate ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Intrusion Detection Systems ◽  
Operational Environment ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Web Attacks ◽  
Trade Offs

Signature-based Intrusion Detection Systems (SIDS) play a crucial role within the arsenal of security components of most organizations. They can find traces of known attacks in the network traffic or host events for which patterns or signatures have been pre-established. SIDS include standard packages of detection rulesets, but only those rules suited to the operational environment should be activated for optimal performance. However, some organizations might skip this tuning process and instead activate default off-the-shelf rulesets without understanding its implications and trade-offs. In this work, we help gain insight into the consequences of using predefined rulesets in the performance of SIDS. We experimentally explore the performance of three SIDS in the context of web attacks. In particular, we gauge the detection rate obtained with predefined subsets of rules for Snort, ModSecurity and Nemesida using seven attack datasets. We also determine the precision and rate of alert generated by each detector in a real-life case using a large trace from a public webserver. Results show that the maximum detection rate achieved by the SIDS under test is insufficient to protect systems effectively and is lower than expected for known attacks. Our results also indicate that the choice of predefined settings activated on each detector strongly influences its detection capability and false alarm rate. Snort and ModSecurity scored either a very poor detection rate (activating the less-sensitive predefined ruleset) or a very poor precision (activating the full ruleset). We also found that using various SIDS for a cooperative decision can improve the precision or the detection rate, but not both. Consequently, it is necessary to reflect upon the role of these open-source SIDS with default configurations as core elements for protection in the context of web attacks. Finally, we provide an efficient method for systematically determining which rules deactivate from a ruleset to significantly reduce the false alarm rate for a target operational environment. We tested our approach using Snort’s ruleset in our real-life trace, increasing the precision from 0.015 to 1 in less than 16 h of work.

scholarly journals Security of Things Intrusion Detection System for Smart Healthcare

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1375
Author(s):  
Celestine Iwendi ◽  
Joseph Henry Anajemba ◽  
Cresantus Biamba ◽  
Desire Ngabo
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Intrusion Detection ◽  
False Alarm ◽  
False Alarm Rate ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Web Security ◽  
Intrusion Detection Systems ◽  
High Detection Rate ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Smart Healthcare

Web security plays a very crucial role in the Security of Things (SoT) paradigm for smart healthcare and will continue to be impactful in medical infrastructures in the near future. This paper addressed a key component of security-intrusion detection systems due to the number of web security attacks, which have increased dramatically in recent years in healthcare, as well as the privacy issues. Various intrusion-detection systems have been proposed in different works to detect cyber threats in smart healthcare and to identify network-based attacks and privacy violations. This study was carried out as a result of the limitations of the intrusion detection systems in responding to attacks and challenges and in implementing privacy control and attacks in the smart healthcare industry. The research proposed a machine learning support system that combined a Random Forest (RF) and a genetic algorithm: a feature optimization method that built new intrusion detection systems with a high detection rate and a more accurate false alarm rate. To optimize the functionality of our approach, a weighted genetic algorithm and RF were combined to generate the best subset of functionality that achieved a high detection rate and a low false alarm rate. This study used the NSL-KDD dataset to simultaneously classify RF, Naive Bayes (NB) and logistic regression classifiers for machine learning. The results confirmed the importance of optimizing functionality, which gave better results in terms of the false alarm rate, precision, detection rate, recall and F1 metrics. The combination of our genetic algorithm and RF models achieved a detection rate of 98.81% and a false alarm rate of 0.8%. This research raised awareness of privacy and authentication in the smart healthcare domain, wireless communications and privacy control and developed the necessary intelligent and efficient web system. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm was applied to examine the F1-score and precisionperformance as compared to the NSL-KDD and CSE-CIC-IDS2018 datasets using different scaling factors. The results showed that the proposed GA was greatly optimized, for which the average precision was optimized by 5.65% and the average F1-score by 8.2%.

scholarly journals The Use of Ensemble Models for Multiple Class and Binary Class Classification for Improving Intrusion Detection Systems

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celestine Iwendi ◽  
Suleman Khan ◽  
Joseph Henry Anajemba ◽  
Mohit Mittal ◽  
Mamdouh Alenezi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Intrusion Detection ◽  
False Alarm ◽  
False Alarm Rate ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Denial Of Service ◽  
Intrusion Detection Systems ◽  
Ensemble Models ◽  
Detection Systems

The pursuit to spot abnormal behaviors in and out of a network system is what led to a system known as intrusion detection systems for soft computing besides many researchers have applied machine learning around this area. Obviously, a single classifier alone in the classifications seems impossible to control network intruders. This limitation is what led us to perform dimensionality reduction by means of correlation-based feature selection approach (CFS approach) in addition to a refined ensemble model. The paper aims to improve the Intrusion Detection System (IDS) by proposing a CFS + Ensemble Classifiers (Bagging and Adaboost) which has high accuracy, high packet detection rate, and low false alarm rate. Machine Learning Ensemble Models with base classifiers (J48, Random Forest, and Reptree) were built. Binary classification, as well as Multiclass classification for KDD99 and NSLKDD datasets, was done while all the attacks were named as an anomaly and normal traffic. Class labels consisted of five major attacks, namely Denial of Service (DoS), Probe, User-to-Root (U2R), Root to Local attacks (R2L), and Normal class attacks. Results from the experiment showed that our proposed model produces 0 false alarm rate (FAR) and 99.90% detection rate (DR) for the KDD99 dataset, and 0.5% FAR and 98.60% DR for NSLKDD dataset when working with 6 and 13 selected features.

scholarly journals Machine Learning Approach to Combat False Alarms in Wireless Intrusion Detection System

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sudaroli Vijayakumar ◽  
S. Ganapathy
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Intrusion Detection ◽  
False Alarm ◽  
False Alarm Rate ◽  
Intrusion Detection Systems ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
High Detection ◽  
False Alarm Rates

Wireless Networks facilitate the ease of communication for sharing the crucial information. Recently, most of the small and large-scale companies, educational institutions, government organizations, medical sectors, military and banking sectors are using the wireless networks. Security threats, a common term found both in wired as well as in wireless networks. However, it holds lot of importance in wireless networks because of its susceptible nature to threats. Security concerns in WLAN are studied and many organizations concluded that Wireless Intrusion Detection Systems (WIDS) is an essential element in network security infrastructure to monitor wireless activity for signs of attacks. However, it is an indisputable fact that the art of detecting attacks remains in its infancy. WIDS generally collect the activities within the protected network and analyze them to detect intrusions and generates an intrusion alarm. Irrespective of the different types of Intrusion Detection Systems, the major problems arising with WIDS is its inability to handle large volumes of alarms and more prone to false alarm attacks. Reducing the false alarms can improve the overall efficiency of the WIDS. Many techniques have been proposed in the literature to reduce the false alarm rates. However, most of the existing techniques are failed to provide desirable result and the high complexity to achieve high detection rate with less false alarm rates. This is the right time to propose a new technique for providing high detection accuracy with less false alarm rate. This paper made an extensive survey about the role of machine learning techniques to reduce the false alarm rate in WLAN IEEE 802.11. This survey proved that the substantial improvement has been achieved by reducing false alarm rate through machine learning algorithms. In addition to that, advancements specific to machine learning approaches is studied meticulously and a filtration technique is proposed.

DS-kNN

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-144
Author(s):  
Redha Taguelmimt ◽  
Rachid Beghdad
Keyword(s):  
Intrusion Detection ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Nearest Neighbors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intrusion Detection Systems ◽  
K Nearest Neighbors ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Knn Classifier ◽  
Better Than

On one hand, there are many proposed intrusion detection systems (IDSs) in the literature. On the other hand, many studies try to deduce the important features that can best detect attacks. This paper presents a new and an easy-to-implement approach to intrusion detection, named distance sum-based k-nearest neighbors (DS-kNN), which is an improved version of k-NN classifier. Given a data sample to classify, DS-kNN computes the distance sum of the k-nearest neighbors of the data sample in each of the possible classes of the dataset. Then, the data sample is assigned to the class having the smallest sum. The experimental results show that the DS-kNN classifier performs better than the original k-NN algorithm in terms of accuracy, detection rate, false positive, and attacks classification. The authors mainly compare DS-kNN to CANN, but also to SVM, S-NDAE, and DBN. The obtained results also show that the approach is very competitive.

An Intelligent Approach for Intrusion Detection using Convolutional Neural Network

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Manoj Kumar ◽  
M. Parvathy ◽  
C. Abinaya Devi
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Intrusion Detection ◽  
False Alarm ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
False Alarm Rate ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Real Time Traffic

Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) is one of the important aspects of cyber security that can detect the anomalies in the network traffic. IDS are a part of Second defense line of a system that can be deployed along with other security measures such as access control, authentication mechanisms and encryption techniques to secure the systems against cyber-attacks. However, IDS suffers from the problem of handling large volume of data and in detecting zero-day attacks (new types of attacks) in a real-time traffic environment. To overcome this problem, an intelligent Deep Learning approach for Intrusion Detection is proposed based on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN-IDS). Initially, the model is trained and tested under a new real-time traffic dataset, CSE-CIC-IDS 2018 dataset. Then, the performance of CNN-IDS model is studied based on three important performance metrics namely, accuracy / training time, detection rate and false alarm rate. Finally, the experimental results are compared with those of various Deep Discriminative models including Recurrent Neural network (RNN), Deep Neural Network (DNN) etc., proposed for IDS under the same dataset. The Comparative results show that the proposed CNN-IDS model is very much suitable for modelling a classification model both in terms of binary and multi-class classification with higher detection rate, accuracy, and lower false alarm rate. The CNN-IDS model improves the accuracy of intrusion detection and provides a new research method for intrusion detection.

scholarly journals Security Enrichment in Intrusion Detection System Using Classifier Ensemble

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uma R. Salunkhe ◽  
Suresh N. Mali
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Intrusion Detection ◽  
Intrusion Detection System ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Classifier Ensemble ◽  
Intrusion Detection Systems ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Detection Systems

In the era of Internet and with increasing number of people as its end users, a large number of attack categories are introduced daily. Hence, effective detection of various attacks with the help of Intrusion Detection Systems is an emerging trend in research these days. Existing studies show effectiveness of machine learning approaches in handling Intrusion Detection Systems. In this work, we aim to enhance detection rate of Intrusion Detection System by using machine learning technique. We propose a novel classifier ensemble based IDS that is constructed using hybrid approach which combines data level and feature level approach. Classifier ensembles combine the opinions of different experts and improve the intrusion detection rate. Experimental results show the improved detection rates of our system compared to reference technique.

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