scholarly journals Impact of Plant Growth Regulators to Development of the Second Generation Energy Crop Miscanthus × giganteus Produced Two Years in Marginal Post-Military Soil

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 881
Author(s):  
Valentina Pidlisnyuk ◽  
Tatyana Stefanovska ◽  
Olexander Zhukov ◽  
Artem Medkow ◽  
Pavlo Shapoval ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Energy Crop ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Miscanthus Giganteus ◽  
The Impact

The impact of the plant growth regulators (PGRs) Stimpo, Regoplant, and Charkor on the production of the second-generation energy crop Miscanthus × giganteus on marginal post-military soil was investigated during two vegetation seasons. The land, previously a tank training polygon, has not been in use since 1990 and has become marginal. Biological parameters (stem, shoot, and root lengths) and dry biomass values were evaluated in relation to the applied treatments. The multivariate general linear model (M-GLM) results showed a positive influence of Charkor on M. × giganteus development; the effect was markedly higher in the second year of vegetation. The impact of Stimpo and Regoplant was less noticeable; nevertheless, certain combinations of treatments showed satisfactory results. The M-GLM approach detected the inter-influence of the main factors of the production process, i.e., PGRs, soil, and year of growing. The results showed the predominant influence of year, PGRs and combined factor PGRs × year on the biological parameters; the other studied factors and their combinations were not as effective. Further research should focus on verifying the field-scale results for the M. × giganteus plantation established in a post-military area and compare the lab and field studies.

scholarly journals Application of Plant Extracts in Micropropagation and Cryopreservation of Bleeding Heart: An Ornamental-Medicinal Plant Species

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 542
Author(s):  
Dariusz Kulus ◽  
Natalia Miler
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
The Other ◽  
White Gold ◽  
Natural Extracts ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Impact

Lamprocapnos spectabilis (L.) Fukuhara (bleeding heart) is valued both in the horticultural and pharmaceutical markets. Despite its great popularity, information on the in vitro tissue culture technology in this species is limited. There is also little knowledge on the application of plant extracts in the tissue culture systems of plants other than orchids. The aim of this study is to compare the utility of traditional plant growth regulators (PGRs) and natural extracts—obtained from the coconut shreds, as well as oat, rice, and sesame seeds—in the micropropagation and cryopreservation of L. spectabilis ‘Gold Heart’ and ‘White Gold’. The biochemical analysis of extracts composition is also included. In the first experiment related to micropropagation via axillary buds activation, the single-node explants were cultured for a 10-week-long propagation cycle in the modified Murashige and Skoog medium fortified either with 1.11 µM benzyladenine (BA) and 1.23 µM indole-3-butritic acid (IBA) or with 10% (v/v) plant extracts. A PGRs- and extract-free control was also considered. In the cryopreservation experiment, the same 10% (v/v) extracts were added into the medium during a seven-day preculture in the encapsulation-vitrification cryopreservation protocol. It was found that the impact of natural additives was cultivar- and trait-specific. In the first experiment, the addition of coconut extract favoured the proliferation of shoots and propagation ratio in bleeding heart ‘Gold Heart’. Rice extract, on the other hand, promoted callus formation in ‘White Gold’ cultivar and was more effective in increasing the propagation ratio in this cultivar than the conventional plant growth regulators (4.1 and 2.6, respectively). Sesame extract suppressed the development of the explants in both cultivars analysed, probably due to the high content of polyphenols. As for the second experiment, the addition of plant extracts into the preculture medium did not increase the survival level of the cryopreserved shoot tips (sesame and oat extracts even decreased this parameter). On the other hand, coconut extract, abundant in simple sugars and endogenous cytokinins, stimulated a more intensive proliferation and growth of shoots after rewarming of samples. Analysing the synergistic effect of conventional plant growth regulators and natural extracts should be considered in future studies related to L. spectabilis.

scholarly journals The role of new stress protectors in the formation of production process of oat culture during cultivation in anthropogenically polluted areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 03011
Author(s):  
Yuliya M. Andriyanova ◽  
Irina V. Sergeyeva ◽  
Nataliya N. Gusakova ◽  
Yuliya M. Mokhonko
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Amylolytic Enzymes ◽  
Cereal Products ◽  
Oat Seeds ◽  
Lead Zinc

Stress protectors (adaptogens) are among the most important factors that regulate growth processes at all stages of plant development. This article presents results of field studies of the effect of new synthetic plant growth regulators of stress protectors (adaptogens) on the elements of productivity and yield of spring oats of the Skakun variety. The obtained results during the research showed that all the studied derivatives of peredazinones are adaptogens and they contribute to an increased productivity and increased yield of spring oats. We studied the effect of pre-sowing treatment of seeds with new synthetic plant growth regulators of stress protectors on the quality indicators of cereal production of Skakun oats (protein, starch and amylolytic enzymes content in the cereal). Pre-sowing treatment of oat seeds increases the amount of protein in the cereal up to 15%, starch – up to 25%, amylase – up to 20%. We proved the ability of stress protectors to minimize the negative impact of heavy metals (lead, zinc) on agrophytocenoses, which will make it possible to obtain environmentally friendly cereal products when cultivating oats in anthropogenically polluted areas of the Saratov Oblast.

Impact of Exogenous Plant Growth Regulators on Physiological Traits, Tendril and Flowering in Horsegram (Macrotyloma uniflorum Lam) under Kharif Season 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sivakumar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Mepiquat Chloride ◽  
Kharif Season ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Background: Horsegram is an important pulse crop grown as Rabi crop in Tamil Nadu. Kharif sown crop could not flowers may be because of more number of tendrils produced as compare to Rabi sown crop. Hence, an attempt was made to reduce the number of tendrils and induce flowering in horsegram during Kharif season by plant growth regulators. Methods: A field experiment was conducted to study the impact of plant growth regulators viz., salicylic acid (100 ppm), chlormequat chloride (CCC - 250 ppm), mepiquat chloride (250 ppm), tri iodo benzoic acid (TIBA - 200 ppm) and nitrobenzene (0.2%) on physiological traits and tendril growth associated with flowering in horsegram during Kharif. Different treatments were applied through foliar application at 25 Days after sowing. Result: Among the PGRs, foliar application of TIBA registered the lowest number of tendrils (2.3) followed by CCC (3.0) compared to other treatments. Higher root length of 16.8 cm and RWC of 82.3% was found in CCC treatment. CCC also registered the highest photosynthetic rate (27.15 µmol m-2 s-1), transpiration rate (18.06 mmol m-2 s-1) and lowest leaf temperature (26°C) compared to other treatments. The highest soluble protein content of 13.1 mg g-1 was also estimated in CCC treatment followed by mepiquat chloride (12.51 mg g-1). Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity did not show any significant difference between the treatments. Number of flowers buds formed per plant was zero and hence the flowering did not take place in any treatments. Among the plant growth regulators used, TIBA and CCC registered its positive action on reduced the number of tendrils and leaf temperature, but not enough to induce flowering under Kharif season.

Impact of plant growth regulators and soil properties on Miscanthus x giganteus biomass parameters and uptake of metals in military soils

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Nebeská ◽  
Valentina Pidlisnyuk ◽  
Tatyana Stefanovska ◽  
Josef Trögl ◽  
Pavlo Shapoval ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Biogenic Elements ◽  
Miscanthus X Giganteus ◽  
Unusual Behavior ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The impact of plant growth regulators (PGRs) “Stimpo” and “Regoplant” on Miscanthus x giganteus (Mxg) biomass parameters was investigated when the plant was grown in military soils with different properties from Dolyna, Ukraine and Hradcany, Czech Republic. The results showed that PGRs positively influenced the biomass parameters when the plant was grown in soil in Dolyna with good agricultural characteristics, the influence of “Regoplant” was higher and the best results were obtained with combined treatment: application to rhizomes before planting and spraying on the biomass during vegetation. Using of PGRs did not improve the biomass parameters when the plant was grown in poor soil in Hradcany. In parallel the peculiarities of the metals uptake process were studied for the following metals: chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), strontium (Sr) and lead (Pb). The uptake behavior of the monitored elements differed based on the soil quality. According to the bioconcentration factor uptake of the abiogenic elements, Cr and Pb, was dominant in the plant roots in both soils, whereas Ni was not detected in any plant tissues. The behavior of biogenic elements (Mn, Cu, Zn) and their analogs (Sr) was different. Those elements were more intensively taken up in shoot tissues in low-nutrient sandy Hradcany soils, while they were mainly taken up in plant roots in fertile Dolyna soils. The unusual behavior of biogenic elements in the low-nutrient soils may be explained by the effect of stress. However, more research is needed focused mainly on soil properties and nutrient availability in order to confirm or disprove this hypothesis and to explore the cause of the stress. The summarized results here show that soil properties influenced Mxg biomass parameters, affected the uptake behavior of metals significantly and tested PGRs cannot be utilized universally in the production of Mxg in the poor military soils.

Cotton radiation use efficiency response to plant growth regulators

2012 ◽  
Vol 150 (5) ◽  
pp. 595-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. GONIAS ◽  
D. M. OOSTERHUIS ◽  
A. C. BIBI
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Canopy Structure ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

SUMMARYPlant growth regulators are widely used in cotton production to improve crop management. Previous research has demonstrated changes in crop growth, dry matter (DM) partitioning and lint yield of cotton after the application of plant growth regulators. However, no reports are available demonstrating the effect of plant growth regulators on light interception and radiation use efficiency (RUE). Field studies were conducted in Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA in 2006 and 2007. RUE was estimated for the period between the pinhead square stage (PHS) of growth and 3 weeks after first flower (FF+3) from plots receiving three applications of the nitrophenolate and mepiquat chloride with Bacillus cereus plant growth regulators (Chaperone™) at 7·19 g a.i./ha and Pix Plus® at 41·94 g a.i./ha compared with an untreated control. No differences between the Chaperone treatment and the untreated control were found in the present study. However, Pix Plus significantly reduced plant height (both 2006 and 2007) and leaf area (2007 only), and altered the canopy structure of the crop as recorded by increased values of canopy extinction coefficient. Although DM accumulation was found not to be affected by plant growth regulator treatments, RUE was significantly increased after Pix Plus application, by 33·2%. RUE was increased because less light was intercepted by the Pix Plus treatment for the same biomass production, and this is probably a result of changes in photosynthetic capacity of the leaves and changes in light distribution throughout the canopy.

scholarly journals Differential regulation of GS-GOGAT gene expression by plant growth regulators in Arabidopsis seedlings

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Dragicevic ◽  
Ana Simonovic ◽  
Milica Bogdanovic ◽  
Angelina Subotic ◽  
Nabil Ghalawenji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Glutamate Synthase ◽  
Ammonium Assimilation ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
The Impact

Primary and secondary ammonium assimilation is catalyzed by the glutamine synthetase-glutamate synthase (GS-GOGAT) pathway in plants. The Arabidopsis genome contains five cytosolic GS1 genes (GLN1;1 - GLN1;5), one nuclear gene for chloroplastic GS2 isoform (GLN2), two Fd-GOGAT genes (GLU1 and GLU2) and a GLT1 gene coding for NADH-GOGAT. Even though the regulation of GS and GOGAT isoforms has been extensively studied in response to various environmental and metabolic cues in many plant species, little is known about the effects of phytohormones on their regulation. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of representative plant growth regulators, kinetin (KIN), abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid (GA3) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), on the expression of A. thaliana GS and GOGAT genes. The obtained results indicate that GS and GOGAT genes are differentially regulated by growth regulators in shoots and roots. KIN and 2,4-D repressed GS and GOGAT expression in roots, with little effect on transcript levels in shoots. KIN affected all tested genes; 2,4-D was apparently more selective and less potent. ABA induced the expression of GLN1;1 and GLU2 in whole seedlings, while GA3 enhanced the expression of all tested genes in shoots, except GLU2. The observed expression patterns are discussed in relation to physiological roles of investigated plant growth regulators and N-assimilating enzymes.

scholarly journals Controlling Growth of Common Carpetgrass Using Selected Plant Growth Regulators

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 704-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward W. Bush ◽  
Wayne C. Porter ◽  
Dennis P. Shepard ◽  
James N. McCrimmon
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Acid Ethyl Ester ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Cyclohexane Carboxylic Acid

Field studies were performed on established carpetgrass (Axonopus affinis Chase) in 1994 and 1995 to evaluate plant growth regulators (PGRs) and application rates. Trinexapac-ethyl (0.48 kg·ha-1) improved turf quality and reduced cumulative vegetative growth (CVG) of unmowed and mowed plots by 38% and 46%, respectively, in 1995, and suppressed seedhead height in unmowed turf by >31% 6 weeks after treatment (WAT) both years. Mefluidide (0.14 and 0.28 kg·ha-1) had little effect on carpetgrass. Sulfometuron resulted in unacceptable phytotoxicity (>20%) 2 WAT in 1994 and 18% phytotoxicity in 1995. In 1995, sulfometuron reduced mowed carpetgrass CVG 21%, seedhead number 47%, seedhead height 36%, clipping yield 24%, and reduced the number of mowings required. It also improved unmowed carpetgrass quality at 6 WAT. Sethoxydim (0.11 kg·ha-1) suppressed seedhead formation by 60% and seedhead height by 20%, and caused moderate phytotoxicity (13%) in 1995. Sethoxydim (0.22 kg·ha-1) was unacceptably phytotoxic (38%) in 1994, but only slightly phytotoxic (7%) in 1995, reduced clipping yields (>24%), and increased quality of mowed carpetgrass both years. Fluazasulfuron (0.027 and 0.054 kg·ha-1) phytotoxicity ratings were unacceptable at 2 WAT in 1994, but not in 1995. Fluazasulfuron (0.054 kg·ha-1) reduced seedhead height by 23% to 26% in both years. Early seedhead formation was suppressed >70% when applied 2 WAT in 1994, and 43% when applied 6 WAT in 1995. The effects of the chemicals varied with mowing treatment and evaluation year. Chemical names used: 4-(cyclopropyl-x-hydroxy-methylene)-3,5 dioxo-cyclohexane-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (trinexapac-ethyl); N-2,4-dimethyl-5-[[(trifluoro-methyl)sulfonyl]amino]phenyl]acetamide] (mefluidide); [methyl 2-[[[[(4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinyl) amino]carbonyl] amino] sulfonyl]benzoate)] (sulfometuron); (2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl-5-[(2-ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one) (sethoxydim); 1-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2yl)-3-[(3-trifluoromethyl-pyridin 2-yl) sulphonyl] urea (fluazasulfuron).

Nematicides, Starter Fertilizers, and Plant Growth Regulators Implementation into a Corn Production System

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-253
Author(s):  
Stephen Till ◽  
Kathy Lawrence ◽  
Patricia Donald ◽  
Drew Schrimsher
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
The Impact

The southern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, is one of the most important nematode pathogens in Alabama owing to its wide host range and yield loss on major agronomic crops. Management of root-knot nematode is undervalued in corn production owing to relatively low prices for corn at the market, less obvious symptoms, and smaller yield losses compared with cotton and soybeans, plus an overall lack of management options. However, growing successive susceptible crops in root-knot nematode-infested fields only heightens the risk of future yield loss. We evaluated use of starter fertilizers and plant growth regulators with nematicides as an economically viable option to reduce the impact of M. incognita on corn. In 2 years of research, we concluded that the combination of all three inputs provided positive economic returns in only one out of four trials. In 2016, the location with the lower root-knot nematode population density saw significant advantages with these input combinations. In 2017, dramatic advantages in early plant growth were observed with a variety of combinations, but owing to unfavorable growing conditions, yield increases were not observed. We concluded that an early plant growth increase due to applications of starter fertilizers, plant growth regulators, and nematicides often did not correlate to increased yield, although the potential exists.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF EXPALNT TYPE AND SOME PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON CULTURE INITIATION OF STEVIA PLANTS IN VITRO

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khierallah & Al-Obaidy
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Explant Type ◽  
Culture Initiation ◽  
The Impact

This research was conducted in order to study the effect of explant type and some plant growth regulators on culture initiation of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni in vitro. The experiments included surface sterilization and test two types of explants (shoot tips and stem nodes) and the impact of KIN and BA and IAA and IBA in the cultures initiation. Results revealed the efficiency of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for disinfestation of explant at 0.050% concentration giving less contamination for shoot tips and stem nods (10% and 20% respectively). Results showed that shoot tips inoculated in MS medium plus KIN at 0.3 mg. L-1 was significantly increase the number of regenerated shoots as it produced 4.2 shoots per explant while medium without cytokinin (control) produced less number of shoots reached 1.4 shoots per explant. KIN treatment reduced shoots length as control treatment produced the highest length (6.74 cm).  The interaction between the explant type and BA concentration was significantly increase the number of regenerated shoots as shoot tips produced 3.6 shoots per explant in MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg. L-1. BA treatment reduced shoots length as control treatment produced the highest length (6.74 cm). No positive effect was gain when auxins (IBA and IAA) were added in combination with cytokinin in culture medium. The above results can be adopted to established stevia in vitro culture successfully.

scholarly journals ПОРІВНЯЛЬНИЙ ВПЛИВ РЕГУЛЯТОРІВ РОСТУ АЗОТОФІТ, ЯНТАРНА КИСЛОТА ТА ВИМПЕЛ НА ДИНАМІКУ ПРОЦЕСІВ РОСТУ ТА ПРОДУКТИВНІСТЬ ОЗИМОЇ ПШЕНИЦІ СОРТУ ЮВІВАТА

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-97
Author(s):  
S. А. Pryplavko ◽  
V. M. Gaviy
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Plant Sample ◽  
Average Height

Scientific research suggests that winter wheat cultivation technologies can be regulated by plant growth regulators. These substances have a complex effect on growth and development and facilitate plant growth and crop capacity. Three-year field studies were carried out using plant growth regulators of Azotophyte, Amber acid and Vympel to determine the dynamics of plant growth rates and their productivity. This made it possible to observe the influence of growth regulators before sewing and to establish their effectiveness at all stages of plant development. Seeds of winter wheat of the variety Jubiwata were treated with solutions of the substances under analysis. The experimental area was 40 m². The study demonstrated that the growth regulators do not influence the field germination rate of plants, but the percentage of germination was quite high in both control and experimental variants. As for the rates of plant height and root length, the first measurement of the average height of winter wheat plants in autumn demonstrated that Vympel was the most efficient. Its indicators exceeded the control variant by 3.4%. After the second measurement, the plant height increased in all variants. The fourth spring measurement showed that the most powerful was the effect by Amber acid. This compound significantly inhibited plant growth compared to other growth regulators and controls. The investigated plant growth regulators have a positive influence on the processes of root development of winter wheat plants in both autumn and spring time. This feature will provide a better nutrition of the plants. The weight of the dry matter after the first weighing was greater in the control and the variant treated with Nitrogen. The fourth weighing showed that the best effect on the dry matter mass was found by Azotophyte, which contributed to the increase of this indicator twice as much compared to the control. Amber acid, when used for pre-sowing seed treatment, exceeded the control value by 1.8 times. Stronger effect on the percentage of dry matter in the plant sample was found only by Vympel, under the influence of which this indicator was greater by 9 units compared to the control. The use of synthetic growth regulators significantly increases the productivity of winter wheat, namely the length of the complex ear, the number of grains and the weight of the compound ear. Thus, research has shown that plant growth regulators Azotophit, Amber acid and Vympel facilitate the growth and productivity of winter wheat plants of the Juvivat variety. Winter wheat crops can be treated with these substances before sowing. Determining the highest efficiency of each individual regulator, as well as the possibility of combining them to improve plant growth processes, requires further research.

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