scholarly journals Modulated Responses of East Asian Winter Climate to Anthropogenic Aerosols by Urban Cover in Eastern China

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 471
Author(s):  
Jiechun Deng ◽  
Leying Zhang ◽  
Jing Ma ◽  
Dorina Chyi
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Anthropogenic Aerosols ◽  
Winter Climate ◽  
Climate Responses

The increasing anthropogenic aerosols (AAs) over East Asia have caused significant regional climate responses, but the role of urban land-use changes which occur simultaneously, in altering these AA-induced changes, is not well understood. Here, the modulation of the AAs’ effect on the East Asian winter (November–January) climate by the urban cover in eastern China was investigated using the Community Atmosphere Model version 5.1 coupled with the Community Land Model version 4. Results show that the winter sulfate aerosol burden is higher from central eastern China to southern Japan in the case with the presence of urban cover than in the case without it, resulting from urban-induced circulation changes. Such aerosol changes markedly increase the cloud fraction and precipitation over northern China and the adjacent ocean to the east, especially convection activities around southern Japan. This leads to a cooling effect near the surface over northern China and in the mid-upper troposphere to the east due to aerosol direct and indirect effects. The resulting circulation responses act to shift the mid-tropospheric East Asian trough southward and the upper-level East Asian westerly jet-stream as well, further supporting the surface changes. These winter climate responses to the urban-modulated aerosols can largely offset or even reverse those to the AAs forcing without the urban cover in the model, especially in northern East Asia. This study highlights the need to consider the modulating role of urban land-use changes in assessing the AAs’ climatic effect over East Asia and other regions.

scholarly journals A Bridging Role of Winter Snow over Northern China and Southern Mongolia in Linking the East Asian Winter and Summer Monsoons

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (22) ◽  
pp. 9849-9862
Author(s):  
Mengmeng Lu ◽  
Zhiming Kuang ◽  
Song Yang ◽  
Zhenning Li ◽  
Hanjie Fan
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
The South ◽  
Northerly Wind ◽  
Northern Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Winter Snow

AbstractEurasian snow, one of the most important factors that influence the Asian monsoons, has long been viewed as a useful predictor for seasonal monsoon prediction. In this study, observations and model simulations are used to demonstrate a bridging role of the winter snow anomaly over northern China and southern Mongolia (NCSM) in the relationship between the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) and the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM). Enhanced snow in NCSM results in local surface and tropospheric cooling, strengthening the EAWM through cold-air intrusion induced by northerly wind anomalies. In turn, the stronger EAWM provides a favorable condition for enhanced snowfall over East Asia to the south, indicating an active snow–EAWM interaction. The continental cooling could be maintained until summer due to the memory effect of snowmelt and moistening as well as the snow–monsoon interaction in the spring, causing changes in the meridional temperature gradient and associated upper-level westerlies in the summer. The interaction between the strengthened westerlies over the northern Tibetan Plateau and the topography of the plateau could lead to anomalous downstream convergence and compensating divergence to the south. Therefore, anomalous cyclonic circulation and increased rainfall occur over northeastern China and the Korean Peninsula, but anticyclonic circulation and decreased rainfall appear over the subtropical East Asia–Pacific region. Moreover, limited analysis shows that, compared to sea surface temperature feedback, the direct impact of snow anomaly on the EAWM–EASM connection seems more important.

scholarly journals Impacts of East Asian Summer and Winter Monsoon on Interannual Variations of Mass Concentrations and Direct Radiative Forcing of Black Carbon over Eastern China

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Hao Mao ◽  
Hong Liao
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Southern China ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Winter Monsoon ◽  
Interannual Variations ◽  
Direct Radiative Forcing ◽  
Asian Summer

Abstract. We applied a global three-dimensional chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to examine the impacts of the East Asian monsoon on the interannual variations of mass concentrations and direct radiative forcing (DRF) of black carbon (BC) over eastern China (110–125° E, 20–45° N). With emissions fixed at the year 2010 levels, model simulations were driven by the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS-4) meteorological fields for 1986–2006 and the Modern Era Retrospective-analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) meteorological fields for 1980–2010. During the period of 1986–2006, simulated JJA and DJF surface BC concentrations were higher in MERRA than in GEOS-4 by 0.30 µg m−3 (44 %) and 0.77 µg m−3 (54 %), respectively, because of the generally weaker precipitation in MERRA. We found that the strength of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM, (East Asian winter monsoon, EAWM)) negatively correlated with simulated JJA (DJF) surface BC concentrations (r = –0.7 (–0.7) in GEOS-4 and –0.4 (–0.7) in MERRA), mainly by the changes in atmospheric circulation. Relative to the five strongest EASM years, simulated JJA surface BC concentrations in the five weakest monsoon years were higher over northern China (110–125° E, 28–45° N) by 0.04–0.09 µg m−3 (3–11 %), but lower over southern China (110–125° E, 20–27° N) by 0.03–0.04 µg m−3 (10–11 %). Compared to the five strongest EAWM years, simulated DJF surface BC concentrations in the five weakest monsoon years were higher by 0.13–0.15 µg m−3 (5–8 %) in northern China and by 0.04–0.10 µg m−3 (3–12 %) in southern China. The resulting JJA (DJF) mean all-sky DRF of BC at the top of the atmosphere were 0.04 W m−2 (3 %, (0.03 W m−2, 2 %)) higher in northern China but 0.06 W m−2 (14 %, (0.03 W m−2, 3 %)) lower in southern China. In the weakest monsoon years, the weaker vertical convection led to the lower BC concentrations above 1–2 km in southern China, and therefore the lower BC DRF in the region. The differences in vertical profiles of BC between the weakest and strongest EASM years (1998–1997) and EAWM years (1990–1996) reached up to –0.09 µg m−3 (–46 %) and –0.08 µg m−3 (–11 %) at 1–2 km in eastern China.

Role of anthropogenic aerosols in affecting different-grade precipitation over eastern China: A case study

2021 ◽  
pp. 150886
Author(s):  
Tianbin Shao ◽  
Yuzhi Liu ◽  
Renruoyu Wang ◽  
Qingzhe Zhu ◽  
Ziyuan Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern China ◽  
Anthropogenic Aerosols

Domestic Politics and Nationalism in East Asian Security

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall L. Schweller
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Primary Factor ◽  
Security Policies ◽  
Asian Security ◽  
Rise Of China ◽  
East Asian Security ◽  
The Rise Of China

This chapter works within the neoclassical realist tradition to examine the role of nationalism in foreign policymaking and the implication for the international politics of East Asia. Whereas the rise of China is an important structural factor necessarily affecting states' security policies throughout East Asia, China's rise does not determine these states' security policies. Rather, domestic politics ultimately determines how a state responds to changing security circumstances. In particular, nationalism can drive states to adopt more belligerent policies than warranted by their strategic environment, thus contributing to heightened bilateral conflicts and regional tension. The chapter argues that, in contemporary East Asia, rising China sets the context of policymaking, but domestic politics has been the primary factor shaping policy.

The Transnational Archive of the Sinosphere: The Early Modern East Asian Information Order

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiri Paramore
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Global History ◽  
Early Modern Japan ◽  
Information Order ◽  
Modern Information

This chapter argues for the existence of an intellectually Confucian-centred, Classical Chinese language delivered archive of knowledge across early modern East Asia. I argue that this broad, transferable, and often commercially delivered Sinosphere archive supported the creation of state-led information orders in early modern East Asia. This argument resonates with recent work in South Asian and Global History demonstrating the role of regional early modern information orders in facilitating global flows of knowledge. I focus particularly on the transregional nature of the literary, pedagogical, and book culture that underlay the information order of early modern East Asia, and the state’s prime role in its development in early modern Japan. The article thus employs the concept of archivality to analyse early modern information systems, demonstrating patterns of trans-regional knowledge development in East Asia which resonate with other early modern global examples.

scholarly journals Anthropogenic agent implicated as a prime driver of shift in precipitation in eastern China in the late 1970s

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 12433-12450 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Wang ◽  
H. J. Wang ◽  
O. H. Otterå ◽  
Y. Q. Gao ◽  
L. L. Suo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Summer Precipitation ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Yangtze River Valley ◽  
Interdecadal Shift ◽  
Asian Summer

Abstract. Observation shows that eastern China experienced an interdecadal shift in the summer precipitation during the second half of the 20th century. The summer precipitation increased in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River valley, whereas it decreased in northern China. Here we use a coupled ocean–atmosphere general circulation model and multi-ensemble simulations to show that the interdecadal shift is mainly caused by the anthropogenic forcing. The rapidly increasing greenhouse gases induce a notable Indian Ocean warming, causing a westward shift of the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) and a southward displacement of the East Asia westerly jet (EAJ) on an interdecadal timescale, leading to more precipitation in Yangtze River valley. At the same time the surface cooling effects from the stronger convection, higher precipitation and rapidly increasing anthropogenic aerosols contribute to a reduced summer land–sea thermal contrast. Due to the changes in the WPSH, the EAJ and the land–sea thermal contrast, the East Asian summer monsoon weakened resulting in drought in northern China. Consequently, an anomalous precipitation pattern started to emerge over eastern China in the late 1970s. According to the model, the natural forcing played an opposite role in regulating the changes in WPSH and EAJ, and postponed the anthropogenically forced climate changes in eastern China. The Indian Ocean sea surface temperature is crucial to the response, and acts as a bridge to link the external forcings and East Asian summer climate together on a decadal and longer timescales. Our results further highlight the dominant roles of anthropogenic forcing agents in shaping interdecadal changes of the East Asian climate during the second half of the 20th century.

Pandemic expands role of South-east Asian philanthropy

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
East Asia ◽  
East Asian ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Economic Distress ◽  
Severe Recession ◽  
Private Philanthropy

Subject Private philanthropy. Significance In South-east Asia, as elsewhere, there is growing pressure on civil society, from non-profit organisations to corporations, to help address the economic distress and social dislocation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Impacts Despite government and philanthropic efforts, South-east Asia is expected to experience a severe recession. A rise in philanthropy by religious organisations will fuel religious polarisation and the risk of violence post-crisis. Indonesia’s non-profit sector will likely experience a particularly sharp funding dip as foreign donations fall.

scholarly journals HISTORIES OF MODERN MIGRATION IN EAST ASIA: STUDIES OF THE FIRST HALF OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-195
Author(s):  
Noriaki Hoshino ◽  
Qian Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
East Asia ◽  
English Language ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Border Crossing ◽  
Japanese Empire ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Heterogeneous Features

In recent historical studies of modern East Asia, the issue of migration has received increased scholarly attention. This article traces recent historiographical and methodological trends by analyzing influential English-language works on modern East Asian migrations in the first half of the twentieth century. Modern East Asian migrations during this period present dynamic and heterogeneous features as results of modern social transformations, such as the development of global capitalism, national and global economic integration, the emergence of new transportation and communication technology, and the expansion and collapse of the Japanese empire. Accordingly, the historical works on modern East Asian migrations we examine display a variety of historiographical and theoretical approaches. Specifically, this article underscores important trends or comparable emphases in these studies, including the growing scholarly interest in transnational/regional border crossing movements, migrants’ subject formations in the new environments, and the methodological interest in the role of culture, political economy, and the environment. Thus this article offers a reflective overview of the ongoing development of migration studies centering on modern East Asia.

scholarly journals Intraseasonal Variation of the Strength of the East Asian Trough and Its Climatic Impacts in Boreal Winter

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 2557-2577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Song ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
Wen Chen ◽  
Yang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Storm Track ◽  
Northern Eurasia ◽  
Boreal Winter ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
East Asian Trough ◽  
Climatic Impacts

Abstract The East Asian trough (EAT) is a distinct component of the boreal winter circulation whose strength corresponds to the amplitude of the Northern Hemispheric stationary waves. In this study, the mechanism and climatic impacts of the intraseasonal variations of the EAT’s strength are investigated through composite analysis and dynamical diagnostics. The significant roles played by the low-frequency Rossby wave (RW) and synoptic transient eddy (TE) are revealed. Before the peaks of strong EAT events, an upper-tropospheric RW train propagates across northern Eurasia and interacts with preexisting surface cold anomalies over central Siberia. This pattern intensifies the Siberian high and causes RW convergence toward the EAT, leading to 30% of the EAT’s amplification directly via the RW-induced feedback forcing. Meanwhile, RW weakens the background baroclinicity and reduces TE activities near the entrance region of the North Pacific storm track. The TE-induced feedback forcing leads to another 30% of the EAT’s amplification. The evolution and dynamical processes of the weak EAT events generally resemble those of the strong events with opposite signs. These results are consistent with the knowledge on the mechanism of the strong and weak EAT events regarding the role of RWs with additional quantitative description and provide new insights regarding the role of TEs. Variations of the EAT’s strength exert significant climatic impacts on East Asia and its downstream region. Near-surface air temperature is below (above) normal over East Asia during the growth and peak stages of the strong (weak) EAT events and above (below) normal over North America afterward.

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