scholarly journals Reduction of NOx Emission from the Cement Industry in South Korea: A Review

Atmosphere ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Ji-Hyeon Kim ◽  
Jin-Ho Kim ◽  
Hyo-Sik Kim ◽  
Hyun-Ji Kim ◽  
Suk-Hwan Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Nox Removal

As climates change around the world, concern regarding environmental pollutants emitted into the atmosphere is increasing. The cement industry consistently produces more than 4000 million metric tons of cement per year. However, the problem of air pollutants being emitted from the calcination process is becoming more critical because their amount increases proportionally with cement production. Each country has established regulatory standards for pollutant emission. Accordingly, the cement industry is equipped with facilities to reduce air pollutants, one of which is the NOx removal process. NOx reduction processes under combustion conditions are modified to minimize NOx generation, and the generated NOx is removed through post-treatment. In terms of NOx removal efficiency, the post-treatment process effectively changes the combustion conditions during calcination. Selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) processes are post-treatment environmental facilities for NOx reduction. Accordingly, considering the stringent NOx emission standards in the cement industry, SNCR is essential, and SCR is selectively applied. Therefore, this paper introduces nitrogen oxide among air pollutants emitted from the South Korean cement industry and summarizes the technologies adapted to mitigate the emission of NOx by cement companies in South Korea.

scholarly journals Current Catalyst Technology of Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) for NOx Removal in South Korea

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyo-Sik Kim ◽  
Saravanan Kasipandi ◽  
Jihyeon Kim ◽  
Suk-Hwan Kang ◽  
Jin-Ho Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Selective Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Research Trends ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Nox Removal ◽  
National Characteristics ◽  
The World

Recently, air pollution has worsened throughout the world, and as regulations on nitrogen oxides (NOx) are gradually tightened many researchers and industrialists are seeking technologies to cope with them. In order to meet the stringent regulations, research is being actively conducted worldwide to reduce NOx-causing pollution. However, different countries tend to have different research trends because of their regional and industrial environments. In this paper, the results of recent catalyst studies on NOx removal by selective catalytic reduction are reviewed with the sources and regulations applied according to the national characteristics of South Korea. Specifically, we emphasized the three major NOx emissions sources in South Korea such as plant, automobile, and ship industries and the catalyst technologies used.

Impact of Urea Direct Injection on NOx Emission Formation of Diesel Engines Fueled by Biodiesel

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenming Yang ◽  
Hui An ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Dezhi Zhou ◽  
Markus Kraft
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Injection Rate ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Urea Solution ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Post Injection ◽  
Nox Removal ◽  
Aqueous Urea

There are many NOx removal technologies: exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), selective catalytic reduction (SCR), selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR), miller cycle, emulsion technology and engine performance optimization. In this work, a numerical simulation investigation was conducted to explore the possibility of an alternative approach: direct aqueous urea solution injection on the reduction of NOx emissions of a biodiesel fueled diesel engine. Simulation was performed using the 3D CFD simulation software KIVA4 coupled with CHEMKIN II code for pure biodiesel combustion under realistic engine operating conditions of 2400 rpm and 100% load. To improve the overall prediction accuracy, the Kelvin-Helmholtz and Rayleigh-Taylor (KH-RT) spray break up model was implemented in the KIVA code to replace the original Taylor Analogy Breakup (TAB) model for the primary and secondary fuel breakup processes modeling. The KIVA4 code was further modified to accommodate multiple injections, different fuel types and different injection orientations. A skeletal reaction mechanism for biodiesel + urea was developed which consists of 95 species and 498 elementary reactions. The chemical behaviors of the NOx formation and Urea/NOx interaction processes were modeled by a modified extended Zeldovich mechanism and Urea/NOx interaction sub-mechanism. Developed mechanism was first validated against the experimental results conducted on a light duty 2KD FTV Toyota car engine fueled by pure biodiesel in terms of in-cylinder pressure, heat release rate. To ensure an efficient NOx reduction process, various aqueous urea injection strategies in terms of post injection timing and injection rate were carefully examined. The simulation results revealed that among all the four post injection timings (10 °ATDC, 15 °ATDC, 20 °ATDC and 25 °ATDC) that were evaluated, 15 °ATDC post injection timing consistently demonstrated a lower NO emission level. In addition, both the urea/water ratio and aqueous urea injection rate demonstrated important roles which affected the thermal decomposition of urea into ammonia and the subsequent NOx removal process, and it was suggested that 50% urea mass fraction and 40% injection rate presented the lowest NOx emission levels.

Potentials for Denox in Chinese Cement Industry with the Life Cycle Assessment Method

2015 ◽  
Vol 814 ◽  
pp. 470-475
Author(s):  
Chen Li ◽  
Su Ping Cui ◽  
Xian Ce Meng ◽  
Zhen Guo Peng ◽  
Xian Zheng Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Technology Applications ◽  
The Impact

To explore NOx mitigation strategies in Chinese cement industry systematically, a material flow analysis was developed. The realistic output of cement production in China were identified and quantified. The inventory data of Chinese cement production were selected without denitration technology applications at that time. Then the life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) results were calculated with the principal of ISO 14040 and ISO 14044 of Life Cycle Assessment. The impact categories of global warming potential (GWP), acidification potential (AP), eutrophication potential (EP), photochemical oxidant formation potential (POCP), and human toxicity potential (HTP) were used to calculate environmental impact. The results showed that the NOx emission was the major environmental damages and the following was CO2 emission. This argument disagreed with the view that CO2 emission was the major contributor of environmental load. The reason is that the NOx emission is far over the international level due to few denitration technology applications. In the assumption of selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) technology applications, there is still large emission mitigation potential according to the target scenario analysis. The application of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology with higher deNOx efficiency and the roadmap of deNOx of Chinese cement industry were also discussed. The SNCR technology with the auxiliary of SCR development over the coming decades will be decisive for the roadmaps of Chinese cement industry to reach deeper NOx emission cuts.

NOx Reduction by In Situ Catalytic Reduction in the Combustion Process of Coke

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 2104-2108
Author(s):  
Yan Guang Chen ◽  
Hong Jing Han ◽  
Jia Lu ◽  
Jin Lian Li ◽  
Ying Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Supporting Effect ◽  
Catalytic Effects ◽  
Co Emission

A new method, NOx reduction by in-situ catalytic effects of additives loaded in coke, was proposed. A series of coke samples with different loading amounts of CaCl2, Ce(SO4)2 and La2(SO4)3 were prepared by using the impregnation method, the rules of NOx and CO emissions in the combustion were investigated. The results show that CaCl2, Ce(SO4)2 and La2(SO4)3 play in-situ catalytic effects on the NOx reduction reactions. When the loading of CaCl2 is 4.0%, the amount of NOx emission is reduced by 13.9%. When the loading of Ce(SO4)2is 4.0%, the amount of NOx emission decreases by 17.2%. When the loading of La2(SO4)3 is 4.0%, the amount of NOx emission decreases by 8.7%. Ce(SO4)2 possesses the combustion-supporting effect. As 4.0% Ce(SO4)2 in coke, the CO emission is reduced by 26%, which improves the combustion efficiency of coke.

Effect of Butanol on the Performance of DeNOx Aftertreatment Systems of a Diesel Vehicle Under WLTC Driving Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Calle-Asensio ◽  
Juan José Hernández ◽  
José Rodríguez-Fernández ◽  
Víctor Domínguez-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Lean Nox Trap ◽  
Diesel Vehicles ◽  
Medium Speed ◽  
Emission Regulations ◽  
Lean Nox ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles

Abstract Advanced biofuels and electrofuels, among which are medium-long chain alcohols, have gained importance in the transport sector with the enforcement of the EU Renewable Energy Directive (2018/2001). In parallel, last European emission regulations have become much more restrictive regarding NOx, so vehicle manufacturers have been forced to incorporate lean NOx trap (LNT) and/or selective catalytic reduction (SCR). Thus, the combination of modern DeNOx devices and the upcoming higher contribution of sustainable biofuels is a new challenge. In this work, two Euro 6 diesel vehicles, one equipped with LNT and the other with ammonia-SCR, have been tested following the Worldwide harmonized Light-duty vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC) at warm (24°C) and cold (−7°C) conditions using conventional diesel fuel and a diesel-butanol (90/10% vol.) blend. While the effect of butanol on the LNT efficiency was not significant, its influence on the SCR performance was notable during the low and medium-speed phases of the driving cycle, mainly under warm climatic conditions. Despite of the lower NOx concentration at the catalyst inlet, the worst efficiency of the SCR with butanol could be attributed to hydrocarbons deposition on the catalyst surface, which inhibits the NOx reduction reactions with ammonia. Moreover, the LNT was not sensitive to the ambient temperature while the SCR performance greatly depended on this parameter.

Water Addition in Diesel Engine Intake for NOx Reduction: Comparison of Modeling and Experiments

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhaskar Tamma ◽  
Juan Carlos Alvarez ◽  
Aaron J. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Thermodynamic Cycle ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Water Addition ◽  
Predictive Tool ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Influence Of Water

Reduction in emissions, especially NOx has been the main study of various engine researchers in the light of stringent emission norms. To reduce the time and cost involved in testing these technologies, engine thermodynamic cycle predictive tools are used. The present work uses one such predictive tool (GT Power from Gamma Technologies) for predicting the influence of water addition in a turbocharged 6-cylinder diesel engine intake on engine performance and NOx emissions. The experiments for comparison with modeling included the introduction of liquid water in the engine intake stream, between the compressor and intercooler ranging from 0 to 100% of fuel flow rate. NOx emission reduced linearly with water addition with reduction of 63% with less than 1% penalty on fuel efficiency at 100% water addition. The GT Power model predicted the performance within 5% of experimental data and NOx emission within 10% of the experiments.

NOx Reduction Review on Fuel Alternative in Cement Kiln

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 1626-1629
Author(s):  
Hai Bing Liu ◽  
Xiao Dong Chen ◽  
Jun Gu
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Reducing Agent ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Cement Kiln ◽  
Cement Kilns ◽  
Low Nitrogen

The paper first discusses the relativity between alternative combustion andNOx emissions by a test in dry cement kiln, and a lot of case on fuel alternative The main findings of the study are that the use of RDF in cement kilns instead of coal or coke offers environmental benefits and reduce NOx emission. The conclusion is that the NOx generation can probably be lower because of lower flame temperatures or lower air excess and low nitrogen content in comparison with fossil fuels also is impartment reason., another a fact that most of the nitrogen (N) in biomass is released as ammonia (NH3) which acts as a reducing agent with NOx to form nitrogen (N2).

Application of Reburning for NOx Control to a Firetube Package Boiler

1985 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 739-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Mulholland ◽  
W. S. Lanier
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Reaction Order ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Process Variable ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Boiler Load ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Primary Zone ◽  
Dominant Process ◽  
Nox Control

A 730 kW (2.5 × 106 Btu/hr) firetube package boiler was used to demonstrate the application of reburning for NOx emission control. An overall reduction of 50 percent from an uncontrolled NOx emission of 200 ppm was realized by diverting 15 percent of the total boiler load to a natural-gas-fired second stage burner. Tests indicate that the overall reaction order of destruction with respect to initial NOx is greater than one; thus, larger reductions can be expected from reburning applications to systems with higher initial NOx. Rich zone stoichiometry has been identified as the dominant process variable. Primary zone stoichiometry and rich zone residence time are parameters that can be adjusted to maximize NOx reduction. Reburning applied to firetube package boilers requires minimal facility modification. Natural gas would appear to be an ideal reburning fuel as nitrogen in the reburning fuel has been shown to inhibit NOx reduction.

scholarly journals Numerical Investigation on the Intraphase and Interphase Mass Transfer Limitations for NH3-SCR over Cu-ZSM-5

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1966
Author(s):  
Shiyong Yu ◽  
Jichao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
No Oxidation ◽  
Relative Pressure ◽  
Nh3 Scr ◽  
Nox Conversion ◽  
Nh3 Adsorption ◽  
Media Channels

A systematic modeling approach was scrutinized to develop a kinetic model and a novel monolith channel geometry was designed for NH3 selective catalytic reduction (NH3-SCR) over Cu-ZSM-5. The redox characteristic of Cu-based catalysts and the variations of NH3, NOx concentration, and NOx conversion along the axis in porous media channels were studied. The relative pressure drop in different channels, the variations of NH3 and NOx conversion efficiency were analyzed. The model mainly considers NH3 adsorption and desorption, NH3 oxidation, NO oxidation, and NOx reduction. The results showed that the model could accurately predict the NH3-SCR reaction. In addition, it was found that the Cu-based zeolite catalyst had poor low-temperature catalytic performance and good high-temperature activity. Moreover, the catalytic reaction of NH3-SCR was mainly concentrated in the upper part of the reactor. In addition, the hexagonal channel could effectively improve the diffusion rate of gas reactants to the catalyst wall, reduce the pressure drop and improve the catalytic conversion efficiencies of NH3 and NOx.

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