scholarly journals Precipitation Variability and Probabilities of Extreme Events in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (Latakia Governorate-Syria as a Case Study)

Atmosphere ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Ahmad H. Y. Abu Hammad ◽  
Ala A. M. Salameh ◽  
Riad Qara Fallah
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Gumbel Distribution ◽  
Winter Precipitation ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Potential Density ◽  
Spring Precipitation ◽  
General Index ◽  
Significant Probability ◽  
The Impact

This study aimed at analysis of the general-index change for the mean annual and seasonal precipitation in six stations in Latakia Governorate (Syria). The data of precipitation were collected for 40 consecutive years (1970–2010) in order to figure out the extent of the changes and variability in precipitation rates and the impact of this change on changes in the potential density that might cause extremely high or low precipitation rates according to Gumbel distribution of the extreme precipitation rates. Results revealed a decrease of the annual precipitation rates in all stations, the reduction in precipitation ranged from 46 to 210 mm during the whole period of the study. Spring, however, recorded the highest and statistically significant reduction, which reached 46–210 mm, while winter precipitation increased by 21–82 mm. Spring also has witnessed a decrease of about 3–9% of the total annual precipitation as compared to winter precipitation which increased by 5–8% of the total. The potential density of extremely high winter precipitation rates increased in all stations as indicated from Gumbel distribution in winter, and a greater increase took place in the probabilities of occurrence of the extremely low spring precipitation rates. This shows significant probability of occurrence of drought during spring season. By contrast, probabilities of winter precipitation rates increased more, thus winter is relatively more humid than before and spring is relatively drier than before.

Is Turkey ready for the Post COVID-19 World Order?

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Summer 2021) ◽  
pp. 117-140
Author(s):  
Bora Bayraktar
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Political System ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
World Order ◽  
New World Order ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 outbreak has had a huge impact on the global economy and politics. Closures and lockdowns stopped international trade resulting in an economic slowdown. It has changed the daily lives of people and the way business takes place. Politics has also been affected by the pandemic. Discussions about the changing world order have gained a new dimension and momentum. In this article, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in international relations is analyzed. Has COVID-19 triggered a change in the world order? If it has, what are the nature, scope, and content of this change? As a rising regional power in the Eastern Mediterranean region, how has Turkey been affected by this, and how did it respond to the changing situation? Signs of deteriorating world order, declining U.S. leadership, escalating geopolitical competition amongst global powers were in the air before the pandemic. Turkey’s adaptation to this new world order pre-dates the pandemic, when it changed its political system, and invested in its security and cohesion.

What Biden may bring to the Eastern Mediterranean Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Winter 2021) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Soliman Al-Zawawy
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Election Campaign ◽  
Bilateral Approach ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

This paper aims to forecast the route that Joe Biden, will take in his foreign policy toward the Eastern Mediterranean, by trying to analyze the content of his speeches and rhetoric before and shortly after taking office. In this context, America’s relation to Turkey will be pivotal in order to gauge the impact of any change in U.S. course. After four years of Trump’s doctrine of ‘America First’ and his bilateral approach, there are many expectations that the newly elected president will follow a more multilateral approach and will put more importance on international organizations and alliances across the Atlantic. Those expectations are more like wishes, however, when it comes to the Eastern Mediterranean, which is on the verge of a critical standoff between Turkey and its neighbors. There are some speculations that Biden will take a more affirmative stance against Turkey. Indeed, Biden has stressed the value of cooperating with allies to achieve foreign policy objectives. But despite the harsh language, Biden used during his election campaign to describe Turkey’s leadership, it is still unclear whether Biden will place the U.S. on a collision course with Turkey.

scholarly journals Migrant Workers from the Eastern-Mediterranean Region and Occupational Injuries: A Retrospective Database-Based Analysis from North-Eastern Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Riccò ◽  
Sergio Garbarino ◽  
Nicola Bragazzi
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Occupational Injuries ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Ramadan Fasting ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Retrospective Database

The month of Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar, and, according to the Islamic tradition, it coincides with the month when the Noble Koran/Qur’an began to be revealed. In recent years, concerns about the potentially negative health effects of Ramadan fasting and the risks of work-related injuries have increased in Western European (EURO) countries. In the present study, we performed a retrospective database-based analysis assessing the impact of Ramadan fasting on occupational injuries (OIs) in North-Eastern Italy among migrant workers from the Eastern-Mediterranean Region (EMRO). Our results suggest that EMRO workers exhibit a significantly increased risk for OIs during Ramadan in periods characterized by heat-waves, while their frequency was somehow reduced for days associated with Ramadan characterized by increased but not extreme temperatures. However, these results may be attributable to an explanatory causation in the specific differences between EMRO and EURO workers in the job tasks performed at the workplace. Not coincidentally, no significant differences were found regarding industrial settings, mechanisms of OIs and final prognosis. Despite the obvious practical implications for health decision- and policy-makers, due to the limitations of the present investigation, further studies are warranted.

Climate change and health in the Eastern Mediterranean countries: a systematic review

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousef S. Khader ◽  
Mostafa Abdelrahman ◽  
Nour Abdo ◽  
Munjed Al-Sharif ◽  
Ahmed Elbetieha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Climate Change And Health

AbstractTo summarize the existing knowledge of the impact of climate change on health from previous research in the Eastern Mediterranean region (EMR) and identify knowledge and research gaps.Different databases were searched for relevant studies published in the region between 2000 and 2014. The review was limited to studies reporting the impacts of climate change on health or studying associations between meteorological parameters and well-defined human health outcomes.This systematic review of 78 studies identified many knowledge and research gaps. Research linking climate change and health is scarce in the most vulnerable countries of the region. There is limited information regarding how changes in temperature, precipitation and other weather variables might affect the geographic range and incidence of mortality and morbidity from various diseases. Available research has many limitations and shortcomings that arise from inappropriate study designs, poor assessment of exposure and outcomes, questionable sources of data, lack of standardized methods, poor adjustment of confounders, limited geographical area studies, small sample sizes, poor statistical modeling and not testing for possible interactions between exposures.Research and information on the effect of climate change on health are limited. Longitudinal studies over extended periods of time that investigate the link between climate change and health are needed. There is a need for studies to be expanded to include more countries in the region and to include other environmental, social and economic factors that might affect the spread of the disease.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis and HIV in the Eastern Mediterranean Region

2002 ◽  
Vol 08 (06) ◽  
pp. 699-705
Author(s):  
L. Gillini ◽  
A. Seita
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
The Impact

Tuberculosis [TB] is an important public health problem in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of the World Health Organization. Every year the disease kills 136, 000 people and affects 630, 000 more. HIV is the most significant risk factor for progression from subclinical infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis to active TB. Although the HIV/AIDS threat in the Region appears to be relatively modest and so far there has been no evidence of an impact of HIV on TB epidemiology in the Region, there is a need to jointly address HIV infection and TB more effectively. In this paper the TB situation in the Region and the measures being taken to combat it are outlined. The impact of HIV infection on TB and the repercussions this could have on theTB situation in the Region are also discussed. Actions that are needed to tackle this double burden are suggested.

scholarly journals Identification of Pomegranate as a New Host of Passiflora Edulis Symptomless Virus (PeSV) and Analysis of PeSV Diversity

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1821
Author(s):  
Kadriye Caglayan ◽  
Mona Gazel ◽  
Vahid Roumi ◽  
Hamide Deniz Kocabag ◽  
Bahar Tunç ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
New Host ◽  
Passiflora Edulis ◽  
Reference Isolate ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
The Impact ◽  
India And China

Pomegranate is an important crop in the Mediterranean Basin that can be affected by a range of pathogens. With the aim to better understand the impact of viral diseases on pomegranate, two leaf samples from Turkey showing virus-like symptoms such as chlorotic spots and oak-leaf patterns were subjected to high throughput sequencing (HTS). Data analysis indicated the presence of passiflora edulis symptomless virus (PeSV: genus Roymovirus, Potyviridae family) in these two pomegranate samples, consistent with the observation by electron microscopy of flexuous filamentous viral particles 760 to 780 nm long. Further analysis of HTS reads revealed the presence of five PeSV variants in one of the samples and another single variant in the other. PeSV occurrence was also identified from publicly available SRA pomegranate RNA-Seq transcriptomic data from India and China. The genome of these PeSV-pomegranate variants share 78.0–86.8% nucleotide identity with that of the reference isolate from passionfruit (MH379332). The presence of PeSV in pomegranate was confirmed by specific RT-PCR assays targeting either the coat protein (CP) or Nla-Pro genes in 37 cultivated and one ornamental pomegranate out of 133 samples collected from the Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey. To our knowledge, this is the first application of HTS to assess virus occurrence in pomegranate and the first recognition of pomegranate as a new host for PeSV.

scholarly journals 21st Century Projections of Extreme Precipitation Indicators for Cyprus

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 343 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Zittis ◽  
Adriana Bruggeman ◽  
Corrado Camera
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Impact

According to observational and model-based studies, the eastern Mediterranean region is one of the most prominent climate-change hotspots in the world. The combined effect of warming and drying is expected to augment the regional impacts of global warming. In addition to changes in mean climatic conditions, global warming is likely to induce changes in several aspects of extreme rainfall such as duration and magnitude. In this context, we explore the impact of climate change on precipitation with the use of several indicators. We focus on Cyprus, a water-stressed island located in the eastern Mediterranean Basin. Our results are derived from a new high-resolution simulation for the 21st century, which is driven by a “business-as-usual” scenario. In addition to a strong temperature increase (up to 4.1 °C), our analysis highlights that, on average for the island, most extreme precipitation indicators decrease, suggesting a transition to much drier conditions. The absolute daily rainfall maxima exhibit strong local variability, indicating the need for high resolution simulations to understand the potential impacts on future flooding.

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