scholarly journals Evaluating the Degradation of Natural Resources in the Mediterranean Environment Using the Water and Land Resources Degradation Index, the Case of Crete Island

Atmosphere ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Demetrios E. Tsesmelis ◽  
Christos A. Karavitis ◽  
Kleomenis Kalogeropoulos ◽  
Efthimios Zervas ◽  
Constantina G. Vasilakou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Aridity Index ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Degradation Index ◽  
Crete Island

Natural resources degradation poses multiple challenges particularly to environmental and economic processes. It is usually difficult to identify the degree of degradation and the critical vulnerability values in the affected systems. Thus, among other tools, indices (composite indicators) may also describe these complex systems or phenomena. In this approach, the Water and Land Resources Degradation Index was applied to the fifth largest Mediterranean island, Crete, for the 1999–2014 period. The Water and Land Resources Degradation Index uses 11 water and soil resources related indicators: Aridity Index, Water Demand, Drought Impacts, Drought Resistance Water Resources Infrastructure, Land Use Intensity, Soil Parent Material, Plant Cover, Rainfall, Slope, and Soil Texture. The aim is to identify the sensitive areas to degradation due to anthropogenic interventions and natural processes, as well as their vulnerability status. The results for Crete Island indicate that prolonged water resources shortages due to low average precipitation values or high water demand (especially in the agricultural sector), may significantly affect Water and Land degradation processes. Hence, Water and Land Resources Degradation Index could serve as an extra tool to assist policymakers to improve their decisions to combat Natural Resources degradation.

scholarly journals Development and Application of Water and Land Resources Degradation Index (WLDI)

Earth ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-531
Author(s):  
Demetrios E. Tsesmelis ◽  
Christos A. Karavitis ◽  
Kleomenis Kalogeropoulos ◽  
Andreas Tsatsaris ◽  
Efthimios Zervas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Degradation Index ◽  
Drought Vulnerability ◽  
Environmental Pressures ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Environmentally Sensitive Areas ◽  
Environmentally Sensitive

Natural resources are gradually coming under continuous and increasing pressure due to anthropogenic interventions and climate variabilities. The result of these pressures is reflected in the sustainability of natural resources. Significant scientific efforts during the recent years focus on mitigating the effects of these pressures and on increasing the sustainability of natural resources. Hence, there is a need to develop specific indices and indicators that will reveal the areas having the highest risks. The Water and Land Resources Degradation Index (WLDI) was developed for this purpose. WLDI consists of eleven indicators and its outcome results from the spatiotemporal performance of these indicators. The WLDI is based on the Standardized Drought Vulnerability Index (SDVI) and the Environmentally Sensitive Areas Index (ESAI). The WLDI is applied for the period from October 1983 to September 1996, considering Greece as a study area. The results of the application of this index reveal the areas with the highest risks, especially in the agricultural sector, with less than the needed water quantities due to extensive periods of droughts. This index could be used by scientists, but also by policy makers, to better and more sustainably manage environmental pressures.

A New Way of Understanding Rebound Phenomenon in Agriculture Water Demand Using A Global Sensitivity Analysis Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ghoreishi ◽  
Razi Sheikholeslami ◽  
Saman Razavi ◽  
Amin Elshorbagy
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Total Contribution ◽  
Global Sensitivity ◽  
Rebound Phenomenon

<p>Effective use of water resources has been identified as a means to improve resilience to drought, particularly in the agricultural sector. In recent decades, the idea of shifting to more efficient irrigation systems (e.g., sprinkler irrigation systems) has received increasing attention to reduce the amount of water loss by traditional irrigation systems (e.g., flood irrigation systems), requiring considerable capital investments. However, there are indications that such investments do not lead to a reduction in water use in the long-run, which may even increase paradoxically; a phenomenon known as the rebound phenomenon or Jevon’s paradox. One of the fundamental information gaps concerns an explicit evaluation of coevolutionary dynamics and the interactions among socio-economic factors in the rebound phenomenon in agriculture, which calls for the application of systems-based methodologies such as global sensitivity (GSA) analysis methods to look at time-dynamical aspects of the coevolutionary dynamics between various factors influencing rebound phenomenon. In this study, we use a previously calibrated and validated Agent-Based Agricultural Water Demand (ABAD) model applied to the Bow River Basin in Alberta, Canada - home  to extensive irrigated farmlands with a history of drought experience. We perform a time dependent variance-based GSA on the ABAD model to examine the direct impact of factors as well as their joint influence due to interactions on rebound phenomenon. The overall findings show that the economic factors are the most important elements, which has an upward trend in the simulation time, in the rebound phenomenon. This finding is supported by the local observation as the net income of irrigated land has an upward trend in this time period. In addition, although the individual effect of the factor representing the social interaction among farmers is less important compared to the irrigation expansion factor, its total-order effect (i.e., the total contribution of a single factor including interactions with all other factors) becomes more important indicating the significant interactions among model factors. This analysis provides a deeper understanding of the coevolutionary dynamics of the rebound phenomenon and paves the way for better management of water resources.</p>

scholarly journals Legal regulation of Natural Resources as a Category of Environmental Resources for Providing Economic Activity on the Example of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
Daria Piddubna ◽  
Illia Karakash
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
The State ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
System Verification ◽  
The Right

Every citizen has the right to safe natural resources. In Ukraine, this right is fixed at the level of the Constitution of Ukraine and special legal acts. The right to natural resources determines the citizen's right to: land resources; water resources; forest resources; flora and fauna; mushrooms; berries; atmospheric air. Ecological nature of natural resources is associated with the provision of various types of safety: environmental, energy, water, food, biological, genetic, and in aggregate - national. To implement the above, it is necessary to amend the regulatory framework in Ukraine  on the following positions: responsibility (both from the side of officials and from the side of economic entities); system verification of the state of natural resources; ban on burning stubble, forest strips; strengthening of responsibility for the destruction of water facilities, cutting of plant resources, for the introduction of pesticides, for the implementation of atmospheric emissions and discharges into water objects; introduction of organic farming. The main thing – the issue of environmental friendliness of natural resources is characteristic not only for Ukraine, but also for the whole world. From their status depends on the suitability of life for every inhabitant of the planet, as well as the state of the planet itself.  Keywords: natural resources, an ecological resource, the constitutional rights of citizens, land resources; water resources; forest resources; flora and fauna; mushrooms; berries; atmospheric air.  

scholarly journals Evaluation of crop water demand for sustainable crop production using geospatial tools in a canal command of West Bengal

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-433
Author(s):  
Laishram Kanta Singh ◽  
Madan K. Jha ◽  
V.M. Chowdary ◽  
Srikanta Sannigrahi
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Crop Water Demand ◽  
Canal Command

The agricultural sector is the primary consumer of water resources around the world, and the need for additional food production for growing population further exerts more pressure on water resources. In this study, crop water demand was assessed spatially and temporally for a case study area, Damodar Canal Command (DCC) using geospatial techniques. Crop evapotranspiration was estimated for all the crop seasons using reference evapotranspiration and Fraction of Vegetation cover (FV) that was used as a surrogate for crop coefficient. The reference evapotranspiration (ET ) was calculated using the FAO o Penman-Monteith method. FV was computed based on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from MODIS satellite imagery and its value ranges from 0 to 1. The maximum and minimum reference evapotranspiration values were estimated as 8.44 and 1.88 mmday-1 in May and September, respectively during the normal year 2004. The average monthly crop water demand was maximum in May i.e. 8.08 mmday-1. Among all crop seasons, Boro season has the maximum crop water demand followed by Aus and Aman seasons with maximum ET as 496, 438 and 328 mm, respectively. Total annual crop c water demand for normal year, 2004 was estimated at 1237 mmyr-1 in the study area. Spatially and temporally distributed crop water demand estimates help the irrigation planners to devise the strategies for effective irrigation management.

Foreign experience of animal husbandry and possibilities of pastures using in the conditions of Uzbekistan

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
F. Sh. Khudoyberdiev
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Innovative Technologies ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
Livestock Breeding ◽  
The World ◽  
Environmental Relations

The article examines foreign experience in the fi eld of pastures using, and the possibilities of their use in the conditions of Uzbekistan. Pastures occupy 23% of the world's land resources, but with an increasing amount of them, the desertification processes are increasing as well. Desertification covers 9 mln.sq.km., and threatening to cover another 30 mln.sq.km. Livestock breeding is an important agricultural sector in many countries of the world, using a huge amount of natural resources and having a significant impact on nature. For improvement the pasture system we need innovative technologies and the reform of environmental relations.

scholarly journals Air dan Konflik: Studi Kasus Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Hary Jocom ◽  
Daniel D Kameo ◽  
Intiyas Utami ◽  
A. Ign. Kristijanto
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Water Conflict ◽  
Social Harmony ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Water Scarce

ABSTRAK Secara perhitungan teknis, antara ketersediaan air dan kebutuhan air per kapita mencukupi di Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan (TTS) Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur, namun permasalahan aksesibilitas yang menyebabkan terjadinya kekeringan dibeberapa wilayah. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kecamatan Kolbano dan Kualin, Kab. TTS bertujuan pembuktian teori Homer-Dixon dan Gleick tentang konflik berbasis sumber daya alam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwapertama, ketidakadilan akses terhadap sumber daya air tidak menimbulkan konflik antar masyarakat, dan kedua, tidak terjadi migrasi besar dari wilayah langka air ke wilayah lain. Faktor yang melandasiadalah adanyanilai-nilai budaya yang masih dipercaya dan dijaga, sehingga mampumenciptakan harmoni sosial. Temuan empirik ini menjadi sebuah penemuan teori baru dari pengembangan teori Homer-Dixon dan Gleick yang menyatakan bahwa kelangkaan sumber daya alam/air menimbulkan konflik, namun tidak terjadi dalam konteks masyarakat di Kec. Kolbano dan Kualin, dan wilayah lain di Kab. TTS.   Kata kunci: Kelangkaan air, konflik, sumberdaya air, sumber daya alam ABSTRACT In technical calculations, between water availability and water demand per capita is sufficient in Timor Tengah Selatan (TTS) East Nusa Tenggara province, but the problem of accessibility caused drought in some areas. This research was conducted in the District Kolbano and Kualin, Kab. TTS aims at proving the theory Homer-Dixon and Gleick about natural resource-based conflicts. The results showed that the first, inequality in access to water resources does not generate conflicts between communities, and second, there was no major migration of water-scarce region to region. Factors underlying is their cultural values ​​are still believed and guarded, so as to create social harmony. These empirical findings into a discovery of a new theory of the development of the theory of Homer-Dixon and Gleick stating that the scarcity of natural resources / water conflict, but did not occur in the context of the community in the district Kolbano and Kualin, and other areas in the district TTS.   Keywords: Conflict, natural resources, water resources, water scarcity Cara sitasi: Jocom, H., Kameo, D.D., Utami, I., dan Kristijanto, A.I. (2016). Air dan Konflik: Studi Kasus Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan. 14(1),51-61, doi:10.14710/jil.14.1.51-61

scholarly journals Assessment of surface water management institutions: a case of public irrigation schemes in northern Algeria

Water Policy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amine Oulmane ◽  
Abdelhadi Kechar ◽  
Ahmed Benmihoub ◽  
M. Amine Benmehaia
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Large Irrigation

Abstract The pressure on water resources that Algeria encounters is due to the scarcity and the water demand increase by different sectors of activity. This induces managers to reconsider the traditional supply management approach. The new water policies aim to adopt water demand management by improving the efficiency of its use in the agricultural sector, which consumes more than 59% of freshwater withdrawals. Economic, regulatory, and voluntary instruments have been adopted for better governance of water resources. This study aims to (i) define institutional arrangements on the exploitation of surface water in large irrigation schemes in Algeria and (ii) assess the effectiveness of the current water management instruments. Findings from farmers’ and water distribution agencies’ surveys suggest that objectives expected by the application of the different economic instruments are far from being achieved. Moreover, the absence of effective executive agencies for the implementation of regulations suggests that an improvement in the performance of public administration is necessary to achieve better governance of irrigation water in Algeria. At the local level, and despite a lack of farmers’ will to formally engage in a collective of farmers, they organize themselves around informal arrangements to overcome the challenges associated with water scarcity.

scholarly journals Development of the Agricultural Water Demand and Supply Drought Index (AWDSDI) in Evaluating Daily Agricultural Drought in Small Administrative Districts

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-170
Author(s):  
Sangkwon Lee ◽  
Kukryul Oh ◽  
Sangman Jeong ◽  
Tae Sung Cheong
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Drought Index ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Hydrological Drought ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Water Demand And Supply ◽  
Hydrological Drought Index

Drought is caused by a long period of lack of rainfall and water resources, and has a great impact on the life and ecosystem of both humans and animals. It is particularly important for the agricultural sector, which is closely related to food security. Global warming, urbanization, and industrialization have led to a gradually increasing demand for agricultural water. In response, Korea has steadily developed its agricultural water sources to reduce rising damage to the agricultural sector due to climate change. The severity of drought is evaluated by using meteorological, agricultural, hydrological, and socioeconomic drought indexes. The agricultural drought index is evaluated using soil moisture and crop dryness, and the hydrological drought index is evaluated based on water shortage by comparing demands with water resources available for supply, such as rivers and groundwater, reservoirs and dams. However, these methods were found to over- or under-estimate the relatively low sensitivity of agricultural water as they assess the shortage of water for life, industry, and agriculture. Therefore, in this study, we developed the Agricultural Water Demand and Supply Drought Index (AWDSDI), which evaluates agricultural drought by analyzing water supply systems such as agricultural reservoirs, pumping stations and drainage, groundwater systems, and demands for agricultural water. In order to review the applicability of the developed drought index, AWDSDI was applied to 32 Eps and Myuns in three cities, including Jincheongun, Changnyeonggun, and Jangseonggun in the period June-August 2017, when drought damage was significant. It was found that AWDSDI reproduced the daily agricultural drought well in small administrative districts such as Eps and Myuns. In addition, in order to verify the developed drought index, the evaluation results of AWDSDI, the previously developed agricultural drought index and the hydrological drought index were compared together. The comparison found that the AWDSDI reproduced the drought period and drought depth in 32 Eps and Myuns in three cities better than previously developed drought indices.

A Curriculum in Soil and Water Resources for Natural Resources Science

1991 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Groffman ◽  
William R. Wright ◽  
Arthur J. Gold ◽  
Peter V. August ◽  
Charles G. McKiel
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Soil And Water

Water resources management in Greece: current status and prospective outlook

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 267-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Angelakis ◽  
E. Diamadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Reclaimed Wastewater ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
The Past ◽  
Precipitation Water ◽  
Pollution Loads

The basic aim of this paper is to present the existing conditions and problems of water resources management in Greece. Water demand has increased tremendously over the past 30 years. Despite adequate precipitation, water imbalance is often experienced, due to temporal and regional variations of the precipitation, the increased water demand during the summer months and the difficulty of transporting water due to the mountainous terrain. Integration of reclaimed wastewater originating from the wastewater treatment plant effluents into the water resources management is proposed. This plan exhibits the potential for reducing the pollution loads entering sea or inland waters, while at the same time providing water for irrigation.

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