scholarly journals Circulation and Climate Variability in the Czech Republic between 1961 and 2020: A Comparison of Changes for Two “Normal” Periods

Atmosphere ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Rudolf Brázdil ◽  
Pavel Zahradníček ◽  
Petr Dobrovolný ◽  
Jan Řehoř ◽  
Miroslav Trnka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Circulation Types ◽  
Recent Climate ◽  
Normal Period ◽  
Objective Classification ◽  
Climatic Characteristics

Thirty-year periods are treated in climatology as spans with relatively representative and stable climatic patterns, which can be used for calculating climate normals. Annual and seasonal series of circulation types were used to compare two 30-year sub-periods, 1961–1990 and 1991–2020, the second one being strongly influenced by recent global warming. This analysis was conducted according to the objective classification of circulation types and the climatic characteristics of sunshine duration, temperature, humidity, precipitation, and wind speed as calculated for the territory of the Czech Republic during the 1961–2020 period. For both sub-periods, their statistical characteristics were calculated, and the statistical significance of differences between them was evaluated. There was a statistically significant increase in the annual frequencies of anticyclonic circulation types and a significant decrease in cyclonic circulation types during 1991–2020 compared with 1961–1990. Generally, in both 30-year periods, significant differences in means, variability, characteristics of distribution, density functions, and linear trends appear for all climatic variables analysed except precipitation. This indicates that the recent 30-year “normal” period of 1991–2020, known to be influenced more by recent climate change, is by its climatic characteristics unrepresentative of the stable climatic patterns of previous 30-year periods.

scholarly journals Precipitation in the Czech Republic in Light of Subjective and Objective Classifications of Circulation Types

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1536
Author(s):  
Jan Řehoř ◽  
Rudolf Brázdil ◽  
Ondřej Lhotka ◽  
Miroslav Trnka ◽  
Jan Balek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Flow Strength ◽  
Summer Circulation ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Circulation Types ◽  
Circulation Patterns ◽  
Objective Classification

Many studies in Europe have investigated the relationship between climatological variables and circulation patterns expressed by various classifications of circulation types. This study provides new insights based on an analysis of precipitation in the western (Bohemia—BOH) and eastern (Moravia and Silesia—M&S) parts of the Czech Republic with respect to the subjective classification of the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute and objective classification based on the flow strength, flow direction, and vorticity during the 1961–2020 period. Circulation types are investigated in regard to their contributions to the total precipitation, mean daily precipitation totals, and precipitation probability (daily totals ≥ 1.0 mm). Types with a westerly airflow and a trough over Central Europe exhibit the highest proportions in precipitation totals. Types with a cyclone over Central Europe, especially combined with a northwestern (BOH) or northeastern (M&S) airflow, result in the highest daily mean totals and precipitation probability. Types with a southwestern airflow transport more precipitation to BOH, while those with a northeastern airflow transport more precipitation to M&S, with a slight seasonal shift in the gradient axis between winter and summer. Circulation types under both classifications are examined from the perspective of their precipitation representation in BOH and M&S and the differences between these two regions. In addition, the suitability of both classifications for precipitation analysis is investigated.

Temperature extremes and circulation types in the Czech Republic, 1961–2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Zahradníček ◽  
Rudolf Brázdil ◽  
Jan Řehoř ◽  
Ondřej Lhotka ◽  
Petr Dobrovolný ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Temperature Extremes ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Circulation Types

scholarly journals ECO-INNOVATIONS: DIFFERENCES IN THE TURNOVER OF ENGINEERING AND THE ELECTRICAL INDUSTRY FIRMS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Bockova ◽  
Tomas Meluzin
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Binomial Test ◽  
Main Question ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Electrical Industry ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Level Of Significance

This paper aims to examine the similarities between innovative companies in the Engineering and the Electrotechnical industry in the Czech Republic. The main question is whether R & D spending in companies with eco-innovation leads to a rise in turnover even in a short period of time. The paper uses the Burea Van Dijk database – Amadeus as a data source. This data source includes 186 large enterprises with information on employee’s numbers, turnover, sector affiliation and R & D expenditure. A binomial test of statistical significance was used for the comparison of the two groups of companies. The authors find that approximately one-third of enterprises record revenue slump. There was no statistically significant difference at the level of significance α = 0,05 between the shares of enterprises with eco-innovations that showed a decrease in turnover.

Evaluating Recent and Future Climatic Suitability for the Cultivation of Norway Spruce in the Czech Republic in Comparison with Observed Tree Cover Loss between 2001 and 2020

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1687
Author(s):  
Petr Čermák ◽  
Tomáš Mikita ◽  
Jan Kadavý ◽  
Miroslav Trnka
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Climatic Suitability ◽  
Change Analysis ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Salvage Logging ◽  
Normal Period ◽  
Bioclimatic Envelope ◽  
Climatic Normal

The high portion of secondary Norway spruce in Central European forests constitutes a major problem because a significant part of these forests is moving further away from their original bioclimatic envelope. The precise evaluation and prediction of climatic suitability are needed for the implementation of forest adaptation strategies. We evaluated climatic suitability for the cultivation of Norway spruce in the Czech Republic forests, making use of the Random Forest combined learning statistical method. The evaluation presented was based on a comparison with the climatic normal period 1961–1990; change analysis was carried out for the period 1991–2014 and projected for 2021–2040 and 2041–2060. We found that suitable conditions for Norway spruce will remain only in 11.3% by area of Czech forests in the period 2041–2060 vs. 46.0% in the period 1961–1990. We also compared tree cover loss data (using Global Forest Watch) from 2001 to 2020 with statistics on salvage logging. In the period, the cover loss affected 19.5% of the area with more than 30% Norway spruce. The relationships between relative tree cover loss and the percentage of salvage logging caused by insects were conclusive and statistically significant.

scholarly journals Czech Students’ Perceptions of Ethical Behavior in Business and Entrepreneurship

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-91
Author(s):  
Dennis Barber III ◽  
John H. Batchelo ◽  
Timothy Hatten ◽  
Shanan G. Gibson ◽  
Ladislav Rolínek
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Small Business ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Business Culture ◽  
Ethical Standards ◽  
Ethical Perception ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Perceptions Of Ethical Behavior

The central notion of business culture and communication with stakeholders consists in the ethical standards regarding the behaviour of corporation owners and managers, which, on the one hand, form an essential element of successful business activities and partnerships, and on the other hand, are complicated in terms of measuring and managing the phenomenon. This study uses agency and stakeholder theories to compare the ethical standards in the behaviour of businessmen and managers. These theories influence freedom of decision-making and behaviour in entrepreneurial activity based on the personal ethical considerations and individuals’ interests, regardless of the size of their share in the business. The article analyzes data regarding differences in perceptions of business owners and managers by Czech students; the differences between ethical standards of behaviour of Czech and American entrepreneurs and managers; gender peculiarities of Czech students’ perception of different business representatives. A methodological tool for the study of ethical perception by youth at the University of the Czech Republic was the Bucar and Hisrich model, and the basis to define the statistical significance of testing the hypothesis ̶ even and odd T-tests. The object of the study contains representatives of small and medium-sized businesses in the Czech Republic, as a country that offers an appealing microcosm for research thanks to the recent transition to a market economy with rapid changes in policy and market activity perceptions. 73% of respondents previously worked in a small business, almost 44% had family members who owned or have a small business and 9.5% owned the business. The sample age structure consisted of 53% of women and 47% of men, on average, under 22 years old, 8% of whom were married. The results of the research revealed that there were no significant differences between the Czech students’ ethical perception of managers and businessmen and the lack of influence on the respondents’ previous experience in doing business. A study of gender-based sampling revealed that Czech female students are more likely to evaluate entrepreneurs less ethically than men do. Keywords: Agency Theory, Czech Republic, Entrepreneurs, Ethics, Managers, Stakeholder Theory.

scholarly journals Influence of human factor on the time of work stages of harvesters and crane-equipped forwarders

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 24-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dvořák ◽  
Z. Malkovský ◽  
J. Macků
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Time Difference ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Mutual Dependence ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Machine Productivity ◽  
Machine Operator

Harvester technologies represent the second most common logging system in the Czech Republic. The high productivity of this technology is very necessary to cover its acquisition and operational costs. A human factor – a machine operator is the most important factor that surely influences the machine productivity. That is why the aim of this study is as follows: to analyze the mutual dependence of machine operator’s education and working experience and harvester and forwarder productivity. The analysis proves that the operator’s education and even more his working experience are very important. The time of harvesting work stages was measured when the harvester was operated by an operator with two-year working experience and by an operator with no experience. The average time difference between the harvester operators was 64.9 seconds in one work stage. The statistical significance of different operation times was confirmed during technically demanding segments in the working stage (the boom out the felling head and tree processing). Operators with the same working experience in forestry mechanization – about 13 years but with different education carried out the haulage work stage. In this case, the statistical significance between calculated differences was not proved. This fact proves that the operator’s working experience is more important than his education.

scholarly journals Production Analysis of Biogas Plant in the Czech Republic

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-158
Author(s):  
Josef Slaboch ◽  
Petra Bubáková ◽  
Jindřich Špička
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Biogas Plant ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Section Data ◽  
Production Analysis ◽  
Fixed Assets

The paper deals with an agriculture production analysis of biogas plant in the Czech Republic and evaluates the effect of input-factors and their relevance. Cobb-Douglas functions for crop, livestock and total agriculture production are used. Econometric models are used for structure and magnitude determination of land and labour factors at individual farms, which lead to an increase of production defined in scenarios. Estimations are based on cross-section data. Results indicate statistical significance and the economically highest effect of land and fixed assets on the total agriculture production. The results of first period model show, that there is preferably a need for an increase of fixed assets when enlarging the livestock production. There is an increase of the importance of wages in total and livestock production in 2011 compared to 2010. The crop production is dependent on land are in the most, but the model must be rejected because of parameters intensity and economic justification. Quantification of relationships among variables can be used for planning of the whole production or its components.

scholarly journals Compound Temperature and Precipitation Events in the Czech Republic: Differences of Stratiform versus Convective Precipitation in Station and Reanalysis Data

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Zuzana Rulfová ◽  
Romana Beranová ◽  
Eva Plavcová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Circulation Type ◽  
Convective Precipitation ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Circulation Types ◽  
Station Data ◽  
Stratiform Precipitation ◽  
Compound Events

Some natural hazards may result from the coincidences of anomalies of different climatic variables. These so-called compound events can cause extreme impacts. This study analyzes compounds of extreme temperature with notable convective and stratiform precipitation in the Czech Republic during 1982–2016. Characteristics of compound events obtained from 11 stations’ data are compared with those from the gridded ERA-Interim reanalysis. We found that notable stratiform precipitation frequently coincides with warm nights and warm days in winter but with cold days in the other seasons. While the winter stratiform precipitation coinciding with warm days and warm nights is linked to anticyclonic, southwest, northwest, and anticyclonic-northwest circulation types, the northeast type is the most crucial circulation type linked to notable stratiform precipitation coinciding with cold days in all seasons except winter. The compound events of notable convective precipitation occur most frequently in summer and they are joined mainly with warm days. These compound events are associated with anticyclonic, cyclonic, and northwest circulation types. Although the number of days with stratiform compound events is larger in ERA-Interim than in the station data, the results are qualitatively comparable. ERA-Interim is, however, not able to reproduce convective compound events obtained from the station data.

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