scholarly journals Item Response Theory Investigation of Misophonia Auditory Triggers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-581
Author(s):  
Silia Vitoratou ◽  
Nora Uglik-Marucha ◽  
Chloe Hayes ◽  
Mercede Erfanian ◽  
Oliver Pearson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Item Response Theory ◽  
General Population ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Item Response ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Environmental Sounds ◽  
Discrimination Ability ◽  
Low Sensitivity

Misophonia is characterised by a low tolerance for day-to-day sounds, causing intense negative affect. This study conducts an in-depth investigation of 35 misophonia triggers. A sample of 613 individuals who identify as experiencing misophonia and 202 individuals from the general population completed self-report measures. Using contemporary psychometric methods, we studied the triggers in terms of internal consistency, stability in time, precision, severity, discrimination ability, and information. Three dimensions of sensitivity were identified, namely, to eating sounds, to nose/throat sounds, and to general environmental sounds. The most informative and discriminative triggers belonged to the eating sounds. Participants identifying with having misophonia had also significantly increased odds to endorse eating sounds as auditory triggers than others. This study highlights the central role of eating sounds in this phenomenon and finds that different triggers are endorsed by those with more severe sound sensitivities than those with low sensitivity.

scholarly journals Item Response Theory Analyses of Barkley’s Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scales

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 1094-1108
Author(s):  
Morgan E Nitta ◽  
Brooke E Magnus ◽  
Paul S Marshall ◽  
James B Hoelzle
Keyword(s):  
Item Response Theory ◽  
Item Response ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Response Theory ◽  
Item Level ◽  
Latent Traits

Abstract There are many challenges associated with assessment and diagnosis of ADHD in adulthood. Utilizing the graded response model (GRM) from item response theory (IRT), a comprehensive item-level analysis of adult ADHD rating scales in a clinical population was conducted with Barkley's Adult ADHD Rating Scale-IV, Self-Report of Current Symptoms (CSS), a self-report diagnostic checklist and a similar self-report measure quantifying retrospective report of childhood symptoms, Barkley's Adult ADHD Rating Scale-IV, Self-Report of Childhood Symptoms (BAARS-C). Differences in item functioning were also considered after identifying and excluding individuals with suspect effort. Items associated with symptoms of inattention (IA) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (H/I) are endorsed differently across the lifespan, and these data suggest that they vary in their relationship to the theoretical constructs of IA and H/I. Screening for sufficient effort did not meaningfully change item level functioning. The application IRT to direct item-to-symptom measures allows for a unique psychometric assessment of how the current DSM-5 symptoms represent latent traits of IA and H/I. Meeting a symptom threshold of five or more symptoms may be misleading. Closer attention given to specific symptoms in the context of the clinical interview and reported difficulties across domains may lead to more informed diagnosis.

Positive and Negative Affect Schedule: Psychometric Properties for the Brazilian Portuguese Version

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Pires ◽  
Alberto Filgueiras ◽  
Rodolfo Ribas ◽  
Cristina Santana
Keyword(s):  
Item Response Theory ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Item Response ◽  
Item Analysis ◽  
Theory Model ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Partial Credit Model ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Response Theory

AbstractThis study is about the validity and item analysis for the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), respectively through the Exploratory Factor Analysis (principal components method) and the Partial Credit Model (PCM). The scale has been largely used in areas ranging from clinical to social psychology since its release in 1988 by Watson, Clark, and Tellegen. In order to assess validity and item properties (Item Response Theory paradigm), this is study administered PANAS to 354 respondents, 115 male and 239 female subjects, with an average age of 29.5 (SD = 10,18). The results show PANAS’s excellent psychometric properties, with consistent dimensions and reliable item functioning, considering the Rasch measurement paradigm expressed in the PCM as an Item Response Theory model for polytomous data. The study considers important cultural issues and the results support more cautious translations for scales as well as further studies concerned with cross-cultural differences on the perception of affect states.

Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Affective Style Questionnaire and its role as a moderator of the relationship between stress and negative affect

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 613-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianping Wang ◽  
Wei Xu ◽  
Zhongfang Fu ◽  
Wei Yu ◽  
Li He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Structure Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Affective Style ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Three Factor

The Affective Style Questionnaire is a self-report instrument for assessing affective style. Study 1 investigated the psychometric properties of the Chinese Affective Style Questionnaire in a sample of 459 Chinese participants. The confirmatory factor analysis supported a three-factor structure. Study 1 indicated that the Chinese Affective Style Questionnaire can be used as a simple, reliable, and valid scale for measuring individual differences in affective style. Study 2 examined the moderating role of different affective styles in the relationship between stress and negative affect. Concealing and tolerating moderated the relationship between stress and anxiety, and adjusting moderated the relationship between stress and depression.

scholarly journals Improving the measurement of alexithymia in autistic adults: a psychometric investigation of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale and generation of a general alexithymia factor score using item response theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary J. Williams ◽  
Katherine O. Gotham
Keyword(s):  
Item Response Theory ◽  
General Population ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Item Response ◽  
Factor Score ◽  
Response Theory ◽  
Toronto Alexithymia Scale ◽  
Autistic Adults ◽  
Nomological Validity ◽  
Tas 20

Abstract Background Alexithymia, a personality trait characterized by difficulties interpreting emotional states, is commonly elevated in autistic adults, and a growing body of literature suggests that this trait underlies several cognitive and emotional differences previously attributed to autism. Although questionnaires such as the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) are frequently used to measure alexithymia in the autistic population, few studies have investigated the psychometric properties of these questionnaires in autistic adults, including whether differential item functioning (I-DIF) exists between autistic and general population adults. Methods This study is a revised version of a previous article that was retracted due to copyright concerns (Williams and Gotham in Mol Autism 12:1–40). We conducted an in-depth psychometric analysis of the TAS-20 in a large sample of 743 cognitively able autistic adults recruited from the Simons Foundation SPARK participant pool and 721 general population controls enrolled in a large international psychological study. The factor structure of the TAS-20 was examined using confirmatory factor analysis, and item response theory was used to generate a subset of the items that were strong indicators of a “general alexithymia” factor. Correlations between alexithymia and other clinical outcomes were used to assess the nomological validity of the new alexithymia score in the SPARK sample. Results The TAS-20 did not exhibit adequate model fit in either the autistic or general population samples. Empirically driven item reduction was undertaken, resulting in an 8-item general alexithymia factor score (GAFS-8, with “TAS” no longer referenced due to copyright) with sound psychometric properties and practically ignorable I-DIF between diagnostic groups. Correlational analyses indicated that GAFS-8 scores, as derived from the TAS-20, meaningfully predict autistic trait levels, repetitive behaviors, and depression symptoms, even after controlling for trait neuroticism. The GAFS-8 also presented no meaningful decrement in nomological validity over the full TAS-20 in autistic participants. Limitations Limitations of the current study include a sample of autistic adults that was majority female, later diagnosed, and well educated; clinical and control groups drawn from different studies with variable measures; only 16 of the TAS-20 items being administered to the non-autistic sample; and an inability to test several other important psychometric characteristics of the GAFS-8, including sensitivity to change and I-DIF across multiple administrations. Conclusions These results indicate the potential of the GAFS-8 to robustly measure alexithymia in both autistic and non-autistic adults. A free online score calculator has been created to facilitate the use of norm-referenced GAFS-8 latent trait scores in research applications (available at https://asdmeasures.shinyapps.io/alexithymia).

scholarly journals Assessment of Emotional Management ability: a Rasch Model Analysis of the brief Situational Test of Emotional Management (STEM-B)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina da Motta ◽  
Célia Barreto Carvalho ◽  
Paula Castilho ◽  
Michele T. Pato
Keyword(s):  
Item Response Theory ◽  
General Population ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Item Response ◽  
Rasch Model ◽  
Response Theory ◽  
Emotional Management ◽  
Portuguese Version ◽  
Management Ability ◽  
Situational Test

The current study aimed to explore the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the brief Situational Test of Emotional Management (STEM-B) using Item Response Theory (Rasch Model) in a sample of 899 participants from the general population.

Intimacy and Emotional Illness in the General Population

1981 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward M. Waring ◽  
Debbie Mcelrath ◽  
Paul Mitchell ◽  
Mary Ellen Derry
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Marital Adjustment ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Marital Intimacy ◽  
Emotional Illness ◽  
Married Individuals

Ninety married couples in the general population received a structured interview to assess their level of intimacy. The couples also completed self-report questionnaires to assess non-psychotic emotional illness and marital adjustment. High levels of intimacy were associated with marital adjustment. Low ratings of marital intimacy were significantly associated with non-psychotic emotional illness and psychiatric help-seeking. These findings are discussed in relationship to recent studies which explore the role of lack of marital intimacy as a vulnerability fact or in the development of non-psychotic emotional illness. Implications for treatment of non-psychotic emotional illness in married individuals is briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Pooling data from multiple longitudinal studies: The role of item response theory in integrative data analysis.

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Curran ◽  
Andrea M. Hussong ◽  
Li Cai ◽  
Wenjing Huang ◽  
Laurie Chassin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Item Response Theory ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Item Response ◽  
Response Theory ◽  
Integrative Data Analysis

Eating Psychopathology in Athletes and Nonathletes: The Effect of Situational and Dispositional Interpersonal Difficulties

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-338
Author(s):  
Vaithehy Shanmugam ◽  
Sophia Jowett ◽  
Caroline Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
General Population ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Eating Psychopathology ◽  
Interpersonal Conflicts ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Interpersonal Difficulties

In the current study, we had two aims. First, we investigated the associations between eating psychopathology, situational interpersonal difficulties, and dispositional interpersonal difficulties among athletes and nonathletes. Second, we examined the mediating role of self-critical perfectionism, self-esteem, and depression in these associations. A total of 152 athletes and 147 nonathletes completed self-report instruments pertaining to relationship quality with significant others, as well as social anxiety, loneliness, self-critical perfectionism, self-esteem, depression, and eating psychopathology. Social anxiety and loneliness were found to be the only significant independent predictors of eating psychopathology among both athletes and nonathletes. However, such associations were indirectly mediated through depression for athletes and through self-critical perfectionism, self-esteem, and depression for nonathletes. The findings of this study suggest that the psychosocial mechanisms involved in the eating psychopathology of athletes are relatively similar to that of nonathletes. Thus, it can be tentatively proposed that treatments and interventions that target reducing interpersonal conflicts currently available for the general population should also be offered to athletes.

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