scholarly journals Amylomaltases in Extremophilic Microorganisms

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1335
Author(s):  
Claudia Leoni ◽  
Bruno A. R. Gattulli ◽  
Graziano Pesole ◽  
Luigi R. Ceci ◽  
Mariateresa Volpicella

Amylomaltases (4-α-glucanotransferases, E.C. 2.4.1.25) are enzymes which can perform a double-step catalytic process, resulting in a transglycosylation reaction. They hydrolyse glucosidic bonds of α-1,4′-d-glucans and transfer the glucan portion with the newly available anomeric carbon to the 4′-position of an α-1,4′-d-glucan acceptor. The intramolecular reaction produces a cyclic α-1,4′-glucan. Amylomaltases can be found only in prokaryotes, where they are involved in glycogen degradation and maltose metabolism. These enzymes are being studied for possible biotechnological applications, such as the production of (i) sugar substitutes; (ii) cycloamyloses (molecules larger than cyclodextrins), which could potentially be useful as carriers and encapsulating agents for hydrophobic molecules and also as effective protein chaperons; and (iii) thermoreversible starch gels, which could be used as non-animal gelatin substitutes. Extremophilic prokaryotes have been investigated for the identification of amylomaltases to be used in the starch modifying processes, which require high temperatures or extreme conditions. The aim of this article is to present an updated overview of studies on amylomaltases from extremophilic Bacteria and Archaea, including data about their distribution, activity, potential industrial application and structure.

Author(s):  
Б Одгэрэл ◽  
Д Цэрэндулам

The genus Dunaliella is widely studied microalgae for its tolerance to extreme conditions, physiological aspects and many biotechnological applications, such as beta-carotene, protein, lipids and many other bioactive compounds. Physiological and biochemical studies are essential to fully explore the properties and possibilities of new isolates of Dunaliella.The aim of this study was to describe cellular morphology, growth rate and protein content of three Dunaliella strains, isolated from salty lakes in Mongolia. The cellular morphology, growth rates, protein contents were studied using microscopic analyses, Neubauer’s chamber, and micro kjeldahl method.Results showed that growths of all three Dunaliella cultures were progressed through lag phase at 3rd day. The growth of Dunaliella D-1 reached its peak on day 6, while Dunaliella D-6 and D-7 reached their stationary phase on day 7. Furthermore, the protein contents of dry biomass in Dunaliella D-1, D-6 and D-7 cultures were 62.2%, 36.1% and 38.15%, respectively. The highest protein content was found in Dunaliella D-1 culture, hence this culture could be used as protein rich supplement in further study.


2019 ◽  
Vol 366 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Ruginescu ◽  
Cristina Purcărea ◽  
Cristina Dorador ◽  
Paris Lavin ◽  
Roxana Cojoc ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Considering that most industrial processes are carried out under harsh physicochemical conditions, which would inactivate enzymes from commonly isolated mesophilic organisms, current studies are geared toward the identification of extremophilic microorganisms producing enzymes resistant to extreme salt concentrations, temperature and pH. Among the extremophiles, halophilic microorganisms are an important source of salt-tolerant enzymes that can be used in varying biotechnological applications. In this context, the aim of the present work was to isolate and identify halophiles producing hydrolases from the Atacama Desert, one of the harshest environments on Earth. Isolates were recovered from halite samples and screened for the presence of seven different hydrolase activities (amylase, caseinase, gelatinase, lipase, pectinase, cellulase and inulinase) using agar plate-based assays. From a total of 23 halophilic bacterial isolates, most showed lipolytic (19 strains) and pectinolytic (11 strains) activities. The molecular identification of eight selected isolates showed a strong similarity to members of the Halomonas and Idiomarina genera. Therefore, the present study represents a preliminary, but essential, step to identify novel biological sources of extremozymes in an environment once thought to be devoid of life.


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-45
Author(s):  
Mohammad Shahedur Rahman ◽  
Rasheda Banu ◽  
Ripa Moni ◽  
Nazmul Islam ◽  
Mastura Khatun Ruma ◽  
...  

A new isolate was investigated from soil sample collected from Shahrasti upazilla of Chandpur district of Bangladesh. Based on the physico-chemical studies the strain was identified as gram positive Bacilli. Moleculer characterization of the strain was identified as Bacillus aryabhattai which is the first report in Bangladesh. The strain can survive in extreme conditions of salt, temperature and pH. This strain was further characterized and screened for the ability to produce useful enzymes. The optimum temperature for growth and production of these enzymes was within the temperature range 35oC to 40oC. The pH was found to be 7 for its growth and production of different enzymes when investigated over 48 h of incubation. The isolate produced various extracellular enzymes such as α-amylases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, lipases and proteases. The findings of this study provide useful information of the new strain that has potential biotechnological applications. Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 7(2): 33-45, 2018 (December)


2008 ◽  
Vol 80 (8) ◽  
pp. vi
Author(s):  
Francesco Nicotra ◽  
Mary Garson

In August 2007, IUPAC‚ Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Division launched a combined Biomolecular-Biotechnology Symposium as a major component of the 41st IUPAC Congress in Turin, Italy. This four-day CHEM-BIO-TECH 2007 Symposium comprised IUPAC‚ 1st Symposium on Biotechnology held jointly with IUPAC‚ 8th Symposium on Bioorganic Chemistry, ISBOC-8.In designing the program, the goal was to focus on work at the interface of biotechnology and biomolecular chemistry from which many key industrial and academic advances have sprung. The program embraced topics ranging from novel drug discovery, biosynthesis, biocatalysis, and organic synthesis through artificial biomolecules and other emerging biotechnological applications. Attention was also devoted to industrial experience in drug research and in biotechnological productions.The special topics discussed during the symposium included:- natural products synthesis, biosynthesis, and isolation- industrial application of bioorganic chemistry and biotechnology- bioorganic and bioinorganic chemistry, biosynthesis, and biocatalysis- analytical methods applied to molecular recognitionThis issue of Pure and Applied Chemistry comprises a collection of 11 papers based upon the invited lectures delivered at CHEM-BIO-TECH 2007. It offers readers an enduring record of the representative scientific contributions announced during the symposium, in an area of interface between chemistry and biology of great interest and relevant potential applications.Francesco Nicotra and Mary GarsonConference Chair and Co-chair


Author(s):  
Kelly Dumorné

Extremophilic bacteria are important groups of extremophilic organisms that have been studied during the last years. They are considered as a source of enzymes due to great diversity and can survive under extreme conditions. Many enzymes produced by these microorganisms are of great importance and have found applications in several industries. Due to their activity and stability under extreme conditions, these enzymes offer new alternatives for current biotechnological and industrial applications. They have a wide range of potential uses and have been a nuclear subject of many different investigations. To date, some of the enzymes produced by extremophilic bacteria are currently being assessed thier industrials applications. Despite, benefits that present these enzymes, their potentials remain largely unexplored. These enzymes pose new opportunities for new line of research, and biotechnological applications. This review provides a summary on diversity and biotechnological and industrial applications of some enzymes produced by extremophilic bacteria.


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