Humoral Immune Response in IBD Patients Three and Six Months after Vaccination with the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronovirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Vaccination is considered the core approach to containing the pandemic. There is currently insufficient evidence on the efficacy of these vaccines in immunosuppressed inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the humoral response in immunosuppressed IBD patients after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. In this prospective study, IgG antibody levels (AB) against the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (spike-protein) were quantitatively determined. For assessing the potential neutralizing capacity, a SARS-CoV-2 surrogate neutralization test (sVNT) was employed in IBD patients (n = 95) and healthy controls (n = 38). Sera were examined prior to the first/second vaccination and 3/6 months after second vaccination. Patients showed lower sVNT (%) and IgG-S (AU/mL) AB both before the second vaccination (sVNT p < 0.001; AB p < 0.001) and 3 (sVNT p = 0.002; AB p = 0.001) and 6 months (sVNT p = 0.062; AB p = 0.061) after the second vaccination. Although seroconversion rates (sVNT, IgG-S) did not differ between the two groups 3 months after second vaccination, a significant difference was seen 6 months after second vaccination (sVNT p = 0.045). Before and three months after the second vaccination, patients treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents showed significantly lower AB than healthy subjects. In conclusion, an early booster shot vaccination should be discussed for IBD patients on anti-TNF therapy.

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Longterm Efficacy of an Antipneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine among Patients with Autoimmune Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases

The Journal of Rheumatology ◽

10.3899/jrheum.150397 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 267-272 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Adi Broyde ◽

Uri Arad ◽

Noa Madar-Balakirski ◽

Daphna Paran ◽

Ilana Kaufman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Humoral Response ◽

Polysaccharide Vaccine ◽

Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases ◽

Technical Problems ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Antibody Titers ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Factor Α ◽

Antibody Levels ◽

Necrosis Factor

Objective.To estimate the longterm humoral response of an antipneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-associated spondyloarthropathy (SpA), and the effect of demographic and clinical factors and treatment on the longterm efficacy of the vaccine.Methods.A total of 145 consecutive patients treated with biologics [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin 6 (IL-6) receptor inhibitors] or methotrexate (MTX) participated in this study. Fifteen were excluded because of absent information regarding their vaccination status (n = 9) or because of technical problems in obtaining their serum sample (n = 6). They were diagnosed with RA (n = 63, 48.5%), PsA (n = 29, 22.3%), AS (n = 28, 21.5%), or IBD-associated SpA (n = 3, 2.3%). Their mean age was 54.6 years, and 61.5% were women. Data were collected on the timing of vaccination, demographic and clinical characteristics, and treatment, and patients’ serum antipneumococcal antibody levels were tested.Results.Two-thirds of the patients (67.7%) had received PPSV23 45 months (mean) earlier. Treatment included TNF-α inhibitors (73.9%), IL-6 receptor inhibitors (13.1%), or MTX without a biological treatment (13%). The uptake of vaccination was significantly higher in the older population (> 65 yrs). Vaccinated patients had significantly higher antibody levels compared with vaccine-naive patients. The antibody levels had been preserved after 10 years. MTX use, but not biologics, was associated with significantly lower antibody levels.Conclusion.The longterm efficacy of the PPSV23 vaccination seems to be preserved among patients with RA, PsA, AS, and IBD-associated SpA for at least 10 years. Efficacy is slightly impaired by MTX, but it is not affected by biologics. These findings suggest that revaccination after 5 years might not be needed for all, and testing the antibody titers should be considered to identify those who may benefit from revaccination.

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Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG against the S Protein: A Comparison of BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, ChAdOx1 nCoV-2019 and Ad26.COV2.S Vaccines

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines10010099 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 99

Author(s):

Joanna Szczepanek ◽

Monika Skorupa ◽

Agnieszka Goroncy ◽

Joanna Jarkiewicz-Tretyn ◽

Aleksandra Wypych ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cellular Response ◽

Protein A ◽

Humoral Response ◽

Blood Type ◽

Vaccine Response ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Three Samples ◽

Nicolaus Copernicus ◽

Antibody Levels

Background: COVID-19 vaccines induce a differentiated humoral and cellular response, and one of the comparable parameters of the vaccine response is the determination of IgG antibodies. Materials and Methods: Concentrations of IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were analyzed at three time points (at the beginning of May, at the end of June and at the end of September). Serum samples were obtained from 954 employees of the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń (a total of three samples each were obtained from 511 vaccinated participants). IgG antibody concentrations were determined by enzyme immunoassay. The statistical analysis included comparisons between vaccines, between convalescents and COVID-19 non-patients, between individual measurements and included the gender, age and blood groups of participants. Results: There were significant differences in antibody levels between mRNA and vector vaccines. People vaccinated with mRNA-1273 achieved the highest levels of antibodies, regardless of the time since full vaccination. People vaccinated with ChAdOx1 nCoV-2019 produced several times lower antibody levels compared to the mRNA vaccines, while the antibody levels were more stable. In the case of each of the vaccines, the factor having the strongest impact on the level and stability of the IgG antibody titers was previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. There were no significant correlations with age, gender and blood type. Summary: mRNA vaccines induce a stronger humoral response of the immune system with the fastest loss of antibodies over time.

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Humoral Response to Microbial Biomarkers in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10215153 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (21) ◽

pp. 5153

Author(s):

Seyedesomaye Jasemi ◽

Gian Luca Erre ◽

Maria Luisa Cadoni ◽

Marco Bo ◽

Leonardo A. Sechi

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Immune Response ◽

Humoral Immune Response ◽

Humoral Response ◽

Human Endogenous Retrovirus ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Bivariate Correlation ◽

Microbial Biomarkers ◽

Significant Difference

Background/Objective: Chronic humoral immune response against multiple microbial antigens may play a crucial role in the etiopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We aimed to assess the prevalence and magnitude of antibody response against various bacterial and viral immunogen peptides in the sera of RA patients compared with the general population. Methods: Polyclonal IgG antibodies (Abs) specific for peptides derived from Porphyromonas gingivalis (RgpA, Kpg), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (LtxA1, LtxA2), Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP4027), Epstein–Barr virus (EBNA1, EBVBOLF), and human endogenous retrovirus (HERV-W env-su) were detected by ELISA in serum samples from 148 consecutive RA patients and 148 sex and age-matched healthy controls (HCs). In addition, the presence of a relationship between the positivity and the titer of antibodies and RA descriptors was explored by bivariate correlation analysis. Results: RA patients exhibit a higher prevalence of humoral immune response against all tested peptides compared to HCs with a statically significant difference for MAP4027 (30.4% vs. 10.1%), BOLF (25.7% vs. 8.1%), RgpA (24.3% vs. 9.4%), HERV W-env (20.3% vs. 9.4%), and EBNA1 (18.9% vs. 9.4%) peptides. Fifty-three (35.8%) out of 148 RA serum and 93 (62.8%) out of 148 HCs were negative for all pathogen-derived peptides. There was a significant correlation between OD values obtained by ELISA test against all peptides (p < 0.0001). We also found an increased titer and prevalence of Abs against LtxA1 and LtxA2 in seropositive vs. seronegative RF (p = 0.019, p = 0.018). Conclusion: This study demonstrates a significantly increased humoral response against multiple pathogens in patients with RA and implies that they could be an important factor in the pathogenesis of the disease. Therefore, the role of each individual pathogen in RA needs to be further investigated.

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Impact of Age and Sex on Antibody Response Following the Second Dose of COVID-19 BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine in Greek Healthcare Workers

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9081725 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 1725

Author(s):

Niki Vassilaki ◽

Antonios N. Gargalionis ◽

Anastasia Bletsa ◽

Nikolaos Papamichalopoulos ◽

Elisavet Kontou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Healthcare Workers ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Age Groups ◽

Vaccine Dose ◽

Humoral Response ◽

Continuous Variables ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Female Population ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Antibody Titers

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD (receptor-binding domain) IgG antibody levels were monitored in 1643 volunteer healthcare workers of Eginition, Evangelismos, and Konstantopoulio General Hospitals (Athens, Greece), who underwent vaccination with two doses of COVID-19 BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine (Pfizer) and had no history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Venous blood was collected 20–30 days after the second vaccine dose and anti-RBD IgG levels were determined using CMIA SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant (Abbott) on ARCHITECT i System or ADVIA Centaur SARS-CoV-2 IgG (Siemens) on Centaur XP platform. From the total population of 1643 vaccinees (533 M/1110 F; median age = 49; interquartile range-IQR = 40–56), 1636 (99.6%) had anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers above the positivity threshold of the assay used. One-Way ANOVA Kruskal-Wallis H test showed a statistically significant difference in the median of antibody titers between the different age groups (p < 0.0001). Consistently, Spearman’s correlation coefficient (r) for IgGs and age as continuous variables was −0.2380 (p = 1.98 × 10−17). Moreover, antibody titers were slightly higher by 1.2-mean fold (p = 3 × 10−6) in the total female population of the three hospitals (median = 1594; IQR = 875–2584) as compared to males (median = 1292; IQR = 671.9–2188). The present study supports that BNT162b2 vaccine is particularly effective in producing high anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels in healthy individuals, and this humoral response is age- and gender-dependent.

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Anti-S. typhi Vi IgG levels in children with and without typhoid vaccinations

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi54.5.2014.284-8 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 54 (5) ◽

pp. 284

Author(s):

Sriandayani Sriandayani ◽

Tonny H. Rampengan ◽

Hesti Lestari ◽

Novie Rampengan

Keyword(s):

Typhoid Fever ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Control Group ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Protective Antibody ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Antibody Titers ◽

The Mean ◽

And Gender ◽

Antibody Levels

Background Typhoid fever is endemic to Indonesia, with an annual incidence of 13/10,000 people. Vaccination has been shown to be an effective method to prevent typhoid fever. Of several vaccine types, the polysaccharide Vi vaccine is the most commonly used typhoid vaccine in developing countries. Results of previous studies remain inconclusive on the necessity of revaccination every 3 years.Objective To compare the mean serum anrioody titers of anti-S. typhi Vi IgG and the proportion of children with protective antibody levels between children with and without typhoid Vi vaccination.Methods We conducted a cross-secrional study at Tuminring District, 11anado from June to September 2012. Data was analyzed using independent T-test and Fisher's test. Serum anti-S. typhi Vi IgG levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.Results Seventy-six subjects were divided into two groups: 38 children who had received the typhoid Vi vaccination more than 3 years prior to this study and 38 children who never had typhoid vaccinations as a control group. No statistically significant difference in age and gender was found between the two groups. The mean serum anti-Vi IgG level was 0.55 ug/mL (SD 0.58; 95%CI 0.36 to 0.74) in the vaccinated group, significantly higher than that of the control group [0.31 ug/mL (SD 0.12); 950/£1 0.17 to 0.44; P􀂥0.0381. The proportion of children with protective antiNi antioody level was higher in the vaccinated group (23.7%) than in the control group (10.5%), howevet; this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.128).Conclusion The mean serum anti-S. typhi Vi IgG antibody level in children who had been vaccinated more than 3 years prior to the study is higher than in children who had never received typhoid vaccinations. Nevertheless, the mean antibody titers are generally non-protective in ooth groups. Also, the proportion of children with protective antibody levels is not significantly different between the two groups.

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Changes in intestinal microbiota and humoral immune response following probiotic administration in brown trout (Salmo trutta)

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114507432986 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 97 (3) ◽

pp. 522-527 ◽

Cited By ~ 152

Author(s):

José Luis Balcázar ◽

Ignacio de Blas ◽

Imanol Ruiz-Zarzuela ◽

Daniel Vendrell ◽

Ana Cristina Calvo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brown Trout ◽

Salmo Trutta ◽

Humoral Response ◽

Lysozyme Activity ◽

Control Fish ◽

Control Group ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Colony Forming Units ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Brown Trout Salmo Trutta

We studied the effect of several lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on the humoral response of brown trout (Salmo trutta). LAB groups (Lactococcus(Lc.)lactisssp.lactis,Lactobacillus(Lb.)sakeiandLeuconostoc(Leu.)mesenteroides) were administered orally at 106colony-forming units/g feed to brown trout for 2 weeks, after which fish were switched to an unsupplemented feed. Blood and intestinal samples were taken from the onset of feeding supplemented diets at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks. During the LAB-feeding period,Lc. lactisssp.lactis,Lb. sakeiandLeu. mesenteroidespersisted in the fish intestines, but the number of LAB slowly decreased in the intestines after changing to the unsupplemented diet. OnlyLb. lactisssp.lactisandLeu. mesenteroideswere detected at levels above 1 × 102colony-forming units/g at the end of the fourth week. In comparison to untreated control fish, the alternative complement activity in the serum was found to be significantly greater in all LAB groups at the end of the second week. Groups supplemented withLc. lactisssp.lactisandLeu. mesenteroidesexhibited an elevated level of lysozyme activity at the end of the third week, but the group supplemented withLb. sakeidid not exhibit any significant change in lysozyme activity. Serum immunoglobulin levels were higher compared with the control group, but there was no significant difference between the LAB and control groups.

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Diverse humoral immune responses and changes in IgG antibody levels against mycobacterial lipid antigens in active tuberculosis

Microbiology ◽

10.1099/mic.0.27790-0 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 151 (6) ◽

pp. 2065-2074 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Yukiko Fujita ◽

Takeshi Doi ◽

Koji Sato ◽

Ikuya Yano

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Response Patterns ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Lipid Antigens ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Humoral Immune Responses ◽

Antigen Elisa ◽

Positive Rate ◽

Smear Negative ◽

Antibody Levels

Humoral immune responses of active TB patients against six mycobacterial lipid antigens [trehalose 6,6′-dimycolate (TDM) from Mycobacterium bovis BCG (TDM-T) and Mycobacterium avium complex (TDM-M), trehalose 6-monomycolate (TMM) from M. bovis BCG (TMM-T) and M. avium complex (TMM-M), triacyl (PL-2) and tetraacyl (PL-1) phosphatidylinositol dimannosides] were examined by ELISA. IgG antibodies of TB patients with active disease reacted against the six lipid antigens distinctively, but heterogeneously. If tests were combined and an overall positive was scored cumulatively when any one of the six tests was positive, a good discrimination between patient and normal subject was obtained. A positive result in any one of the six tests was obtained in 91·5 % of all 924 hospitalized patients and 93·3 % of 210 patients at their first visit to the outpatient clinic. The IgG antibody response differed considerably from patient to patient, and the response patterns were grouped into several types. IgG antibody levels paralleled the bacterial burden; however, the smear-negative (culture-positive) patient group also showed high positive rates and mean ELISA ΔA values against the six lipid antigens. There were also marked differences in positive rate and mean ΔA values between cavity-positive and -negative groups, the former being higher than the latter. After anti-TB chemotherapy was initiated, IgG antibody levels decreased dramatically, paralleling the decrease in the amount of excretion of bacteria. Since multiple-antigen ELISA using particular lipid antigens was highly sensitive, and IgG antibody levels vary greatly at different stages of the disease, this technique is applicable for early diagnosis of smear-negative (and -positive) active TB and the prognosis for completion of anti-TB chemotherapy.

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Humoral response of roach (Rutilus rutilus) to digenean Rhipidocotyle fennica infection

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182096008499 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 114 (3) ◽

pp. 285-291 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

T. M. AALTONEN ◽

E. T. VALTONEN ◽

E. I. JOKINEN

Keyword(s):

Humoral Response ◽

Late Summer ◽

Rutilus Rutilus ◽

Strong Response ◽

Roach Rutilus Rutilus ◽

Western Blots ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Digenean Trematode ◽

Previous Infection ◽

Antibody Levels

The humoral immune response of roach (Rutilus rutilus) to cercariae of the digenean trematode, Rhipidocotyle fennica, was studied. Antibodies against R. fennica were found in wild roach in lakes where fish are infected by the parasite. Antibody levels were higher in sera collected in September than in sera collected in June, due to infection of R. fennica during the late summer. In experimental aquarium studies, roach immunized with homogenized cercariae produced antibodies against R. fennica. An especially strong response was elicited by infecting fish with living cercariae emerging from infected clams. The specificity of the antibodies, as shown in Western blots, was different between fish immunized with homogenized cercariae and those fish infected with living cercariae. The specificity and amount of antibodies depended on the route of immunization. The challenge experiment with R. fennica indicated that previous infection of fish gives some protection against R. fennica.

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Deep dissection of the antiviral immune profile of patients with COVID-19

Communications Biology ◽

10.1038/s42003-021-02852-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Djordje Atanackovic ◽

Stephanie V. Avila ◽

Forat Lutfi ◽

Diego de Miguel-Perez ◽

Xiaoxuan Fan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South African ◽

Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽

Transforming Growth Factor ◽

Suppressor Cells ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

N Protein ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Observing Responses ◽

Linear Epitopes ◽

Antibody Levels

AbstractIn light of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants potentially undermining humoral immunity, it is important to understand the fine specificity of the antiviral antibodies. We screened 20 COVID-19 patients for antibodies against 9 different SARS-CoV-2 proteins observing responses against the spike (S) proteins, the receptor-binding domain (RBD), and the nucleocapsid (N) protein which were of the IgG1 and IgG3 subtypes. Importantly, mutations which typically occur in the B.1.351 “South African” variant, significantly reduced the binding of anti-RBD antibodies. Nine of 20 patients were critically ill and were considered high-risk (HR). These patients showed significantly higher levels of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), and lower levels of CD4+ T cells expressing LAG-3 compared to standard-risk (SR) patients. HR patients evidenced significantly higher anti-S1/RBD IgG antibody levels and an increased neutralizing activity. Importantly, a large proportion of S protein-specific antibodies were glycosylation-dependent and we identified a number of immunodominant linear epitopes within the S1 and N proteins. Findings derived from this study will not only help us to identify the most relevant component of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 humoral immune response but will also enable us to design more meaningful immunomonitoring methods for anti-COVID-19 vaccines.

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Human herpesvirus-7 as a cause of exanthematous ilnesses in Belém, Pará, Brazil

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo ◽

10.1590/s0036-46652004000300004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 139-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ronaldo B. Freitas ◽

Maria R. Freitas ◽

Consuelo S. Oliveira ◽

Alexandre C. Linhares

Keyword(s):

Nested Pcr ◽

Human Herpesvirus ◽

Immunofluorescence Assay ◽

Prevalence Rates ◽

Igg Antibodies ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Exanthem Subitum ◽

North Brazil ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Antibody Levels

We screened sera from 370 patients suffering from exanthematous illnesses in Belém, North Brazil, for the presence of human herpesvirus-7 (HHV-7) IgM and IgG antibodies. Samples were obtained from January 1996 to December 2002 and were processed by a HHV-7-specific indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). HHV-7-specific IgM and/or IgG antibodies were found in 190 (51.4%) of these patients, with similar prevalence rates (IgM+ and IgG+ subgroups taken together) for female and male subjects: 52.5% and 50.3%, respectively. Serological status as defined by IgG was identified in 135 (36.5%) patients. In 55 (14.9%) of the patients HHV-7 IgM antibodies were detected. HHV-7 IgM- and- IgG antibody rates were similar (p > 0.05) when male and female subjects are compared: 14.4% versus 15.3% and 38.1% versus 35.0%, respectively. Statistically significant difference (p = 0.003) was noted when HHV-7-IgM-positive female and male patients aged 5-8 months are compared. Prevalence rates ranging from 4.6% (female, 5-8 months of age) to 93.3% (female, > 10 years of age) and 12.2% (male, 5-8 months) to 80.0% (male, 8-10 years of age) were noted in the IgG- positive subgroups. A subgroup (n = 131) of patients with IgM or IgG HHV-7 antibodies were examined for the presence of DNA using a polymerase chain reaction/nested PCR. Recent/active HHV-7 infection occurred at a rate of 11.0% (6/55) among patients whose samples presented IgM+ specific antibodies. In a subgroup (n = 76) of patients with high HHV-7-IgG antibody levels (titre > 1:160) DNA could not be detected in sera examined by PCR/nested PCR. Of the six recent/active infections, four subjects with less than 1 year and two with 3 and 6 years of age, presented typical exanthem subitum (E.S), as defined by higher fever (> 38.0 ºC) with duration of 24 to 72 hours, followed by a maculopapular skin rash. Our results underscore the need for searching HHV-7 infection in patients with exanthematous diseases, particularly those presenting with typical E.S. HHV-7 appears therefore to emerge as a newly recognized pathogen of exanthem in our region.

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