scholarly journals Effect Mechanism of Electroacupuncture at ST36 on the Injured Extensor Digitorum Longus in the Jumping Rat Model Based on mRNA-Seq Analysis

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1849
Author(s):  
Qianqian Liu ◽  
Yanwei Guo ◽  
Rui Han
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Extensor Digitorum Longus ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Extensor Digitorum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Natural Recovery ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Recovery Group

The key target and regulatory mechanism of electroacupuncture of Zusanli (ST36) on extensor longus muscle injury in a jumping rat model were investigated. To this end, 24 female SD rats were randomly divided into the following four groups: no-treatment control group (NON), 6-week jumping group (J6O), electroacupuncture group after 6-week jumping (J6A), and natural recovery group after 6-week jumping (J6N). After 6 weeks of jumping, in the electroacupuncture group (J6A), electroacupuncture stimulation was applied at Zusanli(ST36) for 20 min per day over the course of 5 days. In the natural recovery group (J6N), rats were fastened with a special apparatus without electroacupuncture stimulation for 20 min at the same time. Transmission electron microscopy, transcriptome sequencing and analysis, Western blotting assay and immunofluorescence staining were performed at the end of our experiment. The recovery effect of J6A rats was more obvious than that of J6N rats and J6O rats as indicated by changes of infiltration of inflammatory cells and morphological structure. Notably, the morphological structure of J6A rats was closer to NON rats in the observation of transmission electron microscopy. CISH/STAT3 regulation was identified by mRNA-seq. The pro-inflammatory response to STAT3 activation was alleviated through up-regulating the expression of CISH protein in J6A rats relative to J6O rats. The level of BAX was decreased and the level of Bcl-2 level was increased in J6A rats relative to J6O rats. Moreover, when compared to J6N rats, the level of Bcl-2 was significantly up-regulated in J6A rats. Increased caspase-3 expression but decreased CDKN2α expression was shown in J6A rats relative to NON rats. These results indicate that the potential mechanism underlying electroacupuncture stimulation of Zusanli (ST36) in repairing the injured extensor digitorum longus following overused jumping may be attributed to CISH/STAT3 regulation of proteins associated with inflammation, apoptosis, and proliferation.

scholarly journals Noise-induced gastric lesions: a light and electron microscopy study of the rat gastric wall exposed to low frequency noise

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Fonseca ◽  
José Martins-dos-Santos ◽  
Pedro Oliveira ◽  
Nuno Laranjeira ◽  
Artur Aguas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Gastric Wall ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Collagen Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Frequency Noise ◽  
Low Frequency Noise ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Significant Difference

CONTEXT: Only a few studies evaluated the digestive alterations caused by low frequency noise (LFN) and most focused only on mucosal alterations. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the morphological injury of LFN-exposed gastric wall, beyond the epithelial layer. METHODS: Wistar rats were exposed to low frequency noise (LFN), during increasing periods, 1 to 13 weeks. A control group was kept in silence. Gastric specimens were studied using: (i) light microscopy with hematoxylin-eosin and immunostaining for collagens; (ii) transmission electron microscopy; (iii) morphometry allowing statistical analysis. RESULTS: Submucosa of all LFN-exposed animals exhibit increased thickness with fibrous proliferation. Transmission electron microscopy showed massive collagen deposition. Immunostaining identified collagen IV as responsible for the increased thickness. Morphometry allowed the demonstration of a significant difference of thickness between control and exposed groups. Vascular alterations included: i) intima proliferation and thickening, rupture of the internal elastic lamina, thrombotic changes; ii) thickening of the media; iii) after 9 weeks of LFN-exposure, we found new formed vessel presenting tortuous and twisted. There is a significant difference of arterial wall thickness between control and exposed groups. CONCLUSIONS: Deeper layers of gastric wall undergo alterations, including fibrosis of the submucosa caused by collagen IV deposition, an early marker of neoangiogenesis. Vascular alterations included thickening and thrombotic phenomena, but also images of newly formed vessels. This study suggests that, at least in the stomach, LFN-induced fibrosis could be linked with neoangiogenesis.

scholarly journals Effect of Chaihu Shugan Powder-Contained Serum on Glutamate-Induced Autophagy of Interstitial Cells of Cajal in the Rat Gastric Antrum

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ren-Qian Tan ◽  
Zhi Zhang ◽  
Jing Ju ◽  
Jiang-Hong Ling
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Interstitial Cells Of Cajal ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Motility Disorders ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cells Of Cajal ◽  
Bcl2 Expression ◽  
Gi Motility

Gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorder is caused by excessive autophagy of the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC). Chaihu Shugan Powder (CSP) is a traditional Chinese medicine with therapeutic benefits in GI motility disorders; however, the underlying mechanism of its therapeutic effect in GI disorders, especially autophagy of ICC, remains unclear. Thus, this study investigated the effects of CSP-contained serum on glutamate-induced autophagy in rat gastric ICC, exploring its underlying mechanism. In vitro cultured rat stomach ICC were identified by fluorescence microscopy and then stimulated with glutamate (5 mmol/L) for 3 h to establish the autophagy model. These cells were then treated with 10% CSP-containing serum or the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA; 5 mmol/L) for 24 h. The control group was cultured with only 10% serum containing physiological saline. The viability of ICC was measured by the CCK-8 assay. The ultrastructure and autophagosomes of ICC were observed using transmission electron microscopy. LC3 expression was detected by immunofluorescence, and LC3, Beclin1, Bcl2, and PI3KC3 expression was detected by western blot analysis. Transmission electron microscopy showed abundant endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and other organelles in the control group, whereas the cells in the autophagy model control group had clear autophagic vacuoles, which were not apparent in both CSP and 3-MA groups. ICC viability was significantly increased by CSP and 3-MA interventions (P < 0.01), accompanied by a decrease in LC3 fluorescence (P < 0.01). Moreover, the expression levels of LC3II/I, Beclin1, and PI3KC3 were significantly decreased (all P < 0.01) with CSP and 3-MA treatment, while Bcl2 expression level was higher than that of the model group (P < 0.01). Thus, CSP can reduce autophagic damage by enhancing Bcl2 expression and downregulating the expression of LC3, Beclin1, and PI3KC3 to protect ICC. These results highlight the potential of CSP in the treatment of GI motility disorders.

Effect of the Radioprotector WR2721 on Irradiation-Induced Injury to Ciliated Cells of Eustachian Tube

1992 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 395-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy T. K. Jung ◽  
Young Min Park ◽  
David Panossian ◽  
Douglas Weeks ◽  
Stanley K. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Irradiation Injury ◽  
Intraperitoneal Dose ◽  
Serous Otitis Media ◽  
Experimental Group

Our previous studies revealed that injury to the ciliated cells of the eustachian tube may be the primary cause of irradiation-induced serous otitis media. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the radioprotector WR2721 on irradiation-induced injury to ciliated cells of the eustachian tube (ET) in chinchillas. Twelve chinchillas were divided into two groups: the control group and the experimental group, which was pretreated with a single intraperitoneal dose of the radioprotector S-2-[3-aminopropylamino]ethylphosphorothioic acid (WR2721) 400 mg/kg. The two groups were exposed to 30 Gy of 13-MeV electrons in a single fraction to the area of the bullae and nasopharynx. Ciliary dysfunction was tested and ciliated cells of the ET were examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Pretreatment with WR2721 was found to protect ciliated cells of the ET from irradiation injury.

Ultrastructural lesions and immunohistochemical analysis of Bcl-2 protein expression in the kidney of chickens with experimental ochratoxicosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Solcan ◽  
Dorina Timofte ◽  
Viorel Floristean ◽  
Stuart Carter ◽  
Gheorghe Solcan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Apoptotic Marker ◽  
Convoluted Tubules ◽  
Nephrotoxic Effect

A study was conducted to evaluate the nephrotoxic effect of ochratoxin A (OTA) in broiler chickens. Forty Ross 308 broilers (6 days old) were divided into two groups: one group received daily, by gavage, ochratoxin A at a daily dose of 50 μg/kg body weight for up to 21 days, while the control group received only diluent (sunflower oil). After 21 days, the chickens were euthanised and the kidneys removed for analysis by histopathology and immunohistochemistry to detect an anti-apoptotic marker (Bcl-2), and by transmission electron microscopy. Macroscopically the kidneys were enlarged, showing degeneration and gout deposits. Histologically, glomerulonephrosis and tubulonephrosis were common lesions in all chicks. In two of the five chicks exposed to OTA for 21 days, focal tubular cell proliferation, multiple adenoma-like structures and Bcl-2-positive epithelial cells were identified in layers of the renal papilla and in convoluted tubules. Transmission electron microscopy of the proximal convoluted tubules identified abnormal forms of mitochondria. The nephrotoxic effect of ochratoxicosis in chickens is probably due to carcinogenic changes induced in the epithelial tissues.

scholarly journals Early Detection of Steroid-Induced Femoral Head Necrosis using 99mTc-Cys-Annexin V-based Apoptosis Imaging in a Rabbit Model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolong Wang ◽  
Jianbo Li ◽  
Da Man ◽  
Rui Liu ◽  
Jianmin Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Femoral Head ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Annexin V ◽  
Spect Imaging ◽  
Femoral Head Necrosis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Transmission Electron

Abstract Background At present, the early diagnosis of femoral head necrosis mainly relies on MRI, and most early patients are difficult to make an accurate diagnosis. Therefore, to investigate the early diagnostic value of 99mTc-Cys-Annexin V SPECT imaging were compared with MRI in rabbit models of steroid-induced femoral head necrosis. Methods The rabbit models of steroid-induced femoral head necrosis were established by intravenous injection of horse serum and gluteal muscle injection of methylprednisolone in of 5-month-old healthy New Zealand white rabbits. 99mTc-Cys-Annexin V SPECT imaging and MRI were performed at 2nd week, 4th week, and 6th week after modeling. After that, histopathology was used to verify the success of modeling. Apoptosis was detected by transmission electron microscopy and TUNEL. Results At 2 weeks after the injection of hormone, 99mTc-Cys-Annexin V SPECT image showed abnormal radioactive uptake in the bilateral femoral head. And over time, the radioactivity concentration was more obvious, and the ratio of T/NT (target tissue/non-target tissues) was gradually increased. In the SPECT imaging at each time point, T/NT ratio of the model group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.01); at 4 weeks after the injection of hormone, MRI showed an abnormal signal of osteonecrosis. At 2, 4, and 6 weeks after hormone injection, apoptosis was observed by TUNEL and transmission electron microscopy. Conclusions 99mTc-Cys-Annexin V SPECT imaging can diagnose steroid-induced femoral head necrosis earlier than MRI, and has potential application value for non-invasively detecting early and even ultra-early stage of femoral head necrosis.

Hepatotoxic effects of melamine exposure from the weaning period in rats: a flow cytometric, electron microscopic, and histopathologic study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuleyha Erisgin ◽  
Hasan Serdar Mutlu ◽  
Yavuz Tekelioglu ◽  
Engin Deveci ◽  
Ugur Seker
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Transmission Electron

Abstract This study aims to investigate the effects of melamine exposure from the weaning period (21st postnatal days in rats) on liver tissue. Female Wistar albino rats (n = 18) were divided into three groups. About 0.1-ml saline was applied to the control group by gavage for 21 days from the postnatal 21st day. The second group was taken 50-mg/kg melamine (in 0.1-ml saline) and the third group was taken 75-mg/kg melamine (in 0.1-ml saline) p.o. On the postnatal 45th day, all rats were sacrificed under anesthesia. Then, liver tissues were cut into three parts and two of them placed in neutral formalin for histopathological and flow cytometric analysis, and one of them placed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde. Histopathological analysis was performed with hematoxylin & eosin, Masson trichrome, periodic acid Schiff stained sections, and also with transmission electron microscopy. Apoptosis (Annexin V positivity) was analyzed by flow cytometry. According to histopathological analysis, hepatocyte damage, sinusoidal dilatation, and inflammatory cell infiltration significantly increased in both melamine groups compared with the control group. Apoptosis significantly increased in the 50 and 75-mg melamine groups compared with the control group. In the results of transmission electron microscopy analysis, there was abnormal chromatin distribution in the hepatocyte nuclei, loss in the cristae of the mitochondria, and organelle loss in large areas in the cytoplasm in both melamine exposure groups. As result, melamine exposure from the weaning period causes liver damage with increasing doses.

scholarly journals Effect of Electrocautery on Endothelial Integrity of the Internal Thoracic Artery: Ultrastructural Analysis with Transmission Electron Microscopy

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 484-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burak Onan ◽  
Mehmet Yeniterzi ◽  
Ismihan Selen Onan ◽  
Burak Ersoy ◽  
Suheyla Gonca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Internal Thoracic Artery ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Elastic Tissue ◽  
Cytoplasmic Organelles ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Sharp Dissection

The internal thoracic artery (ITA) is typically harvested from the chest wall by means of conventional electrocautery. We investigated the effects of electrocautery on endothelial-cell and vessel-wall morphology at the ultrastructural level during ITA harvesting. Internal thoracic artery specimens from 20 patients who underwent elective coronary artery bypass grafting were investigated in 2 groups. The ITA grafts were sharply dissected with use of a scalpel and clips in the control group (n=10) and were harvested by means of electrocautery in the study group (n=10). Each sample was evaluated for intimal, elastic-tissue, muscular-layer, and adventitial changes. Free flow was measured intraoperatively. Light microscopic examinations were performed after hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome staining. Transmission electron microscopy was used to evaluate ultrastructural changes in the endothelial cells and vessel walls of each ITA. In the sharp-dissection group, the endothelial surfaces were lined with normal amounts of original endothelium, endothelial cells were distinctly attached to the basal lamina, cytoplasmic organelles were evident, and intercellular junctional complexes were intact. Conversely, in the electrocautery group, the morphologic integrity of endothelial cells was distorted, with some cell separations and splits, contracted cells, numerous large cytoplasmic vacuoles, and no visible cytoplasmic organelles. The subendothelial layer exhibited disintegration. Free ITA flow was higher in the sharp-dissection group (P=0.04). The integrity of endothelial cells can be better preserved when the ITA is mobilized by means of sharp dissection, rather than solely by electrocautery; we recommend a combined approach.

scholarly journals Pilot cross-sectional study for potential fibrogenic risk assessment in real multiwalled carbon nanotube aerosol exposure at the workplaces

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 770-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
L M Fatkhutdinova ◽  
T O Khaliullin ◽  
O L Vasilyeva ◽  
R R Zalyalov ◽  
I Kh Valeeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Induced Sputum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Exposure Group ◽  
Bootstrap Analysis ◽  
Air Samples ◽  
Aerosol Exposure ◽  
Transmission Electron

Aim. To assess the potential fibrogenic risk of real occupational exposure to multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). Methods. The study was conducted at 2 MWCNT-producing enterprises with the same reactor type. 11 employees who had more than 1 year-long contact with MWCNT aerosol were included in the exposure group, the control group consisted of 14 people. Elemental carbon level and MWCNT presence were evaluated in workplace air samples by transmission electron microscopy. Blood and induced sputum samples were obtained from employees, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ 1), KL-6 glycoprotein and osteopontin levels were evaluated. To assess the relationship between MWCNT exposure and biomarker levels (age, gender, smoking were chosen as cofounders), generalized linear models including main effects and paired interactions were created. The regression coefficients confidence intervals were refined by bootstrap analysis. Results. Time-weighted average respirable MWCNT fraction was up to 6.11 mg/m 3. Transmission electron microscopy showed the presence of MWCNT agglomerates sized 0.5-10 μm in all air samples. The levels of TGFβ 1 in serum were significantly dependent on exposure to MWCNTs (b=10.47, 95% BCa=1.18-51.75), the KL-6 glycoprotein levels in induced sputum was significantly higher in exposure group (b=235.9, 95% BCa=21.2-482) compared to control group. Osteopontin did not prove itself as an informative indicator. Conclusion. Gained data suggest that MWCNT aerosol exposure at workplace may lead to fibrogenic biomarkers level changes in serum and induced sputum samples. Control measures for MWCNT aerosol levels and medical surveillance for employees should be introduced in MWCNT-producing and applying facilities.

scholarly journals Glomerulotubular pathology in dogs with subclinical ehrlichiosis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260702
Author(s):  
Leandro Zuccolotto Crivellenti ◽  
Cristiane Alves Cintra ◽  
Suellen Rodrigues Maia ◽  
Gyl Eanes Barros Silva ◽  
Sofia Borin-Crivellenti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tubular Atrophy ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Matrix Expansion

Subclinical stage of ehrlichiosis is characterized by absence of clinical or laboratory alterations; however, it could lead to silent glomerular/tubular changes and contribute significantly to renal failure in humans and animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate glomerular and tubular alterations in dogs with subclinical ehrlichiosis. We evaluated renal biopsies of 14 bitches with subclinical ehrlichiosis and 11 control dogs. Samples were obtained from the left kidney, and the tissue obtained was divided for light microscopy, immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy. Abnormalities were identified by light microscopy in 92.9% of dogs with ehrlichiosis, but not in any of the dogs of the control group. Mesangial cell proliferation and synechiae (46.1%) were the most common findings, but focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and ischemic glomeruli (38.4%), focal glomerular mesangial matrix expansion (30.7%), mild to moderate interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (23%), and glomerular basement membrane spikes (23%) were also frequent in dogs with ehrlichiosis. All animals with ehrlichiosis exhibited positive immunofluorescence staining for immunoglobulins. Transmission electron microscopy from dogs with ehrlichiosis revealed slight changes such as sparse surface projections and basement membrane double contour. The subclinical phase of ehrlichiosis poses a higher risk of development of kidney damage due to the deposition of immune complexes.

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