Self-Powered Biosensor for Specifically Detecting Creatinine in Real Time Based on the Piezo-Enzymatic-Reaction Effect of Enzyme-Modified ZnO Nanowires

Creatinine has become an important indicator for the early detection of uremia. However, due to the disadvantages of external power supply and large volume, some commercial devices for detecting creatinine concentration have lost a lot of popularity in everyday life. This paper describes the development of a self-powered biosensor for detecting creatinine in sweat. The biosensor can detect human creatinine levels in real time without the need for an external power source, providing information about the body’s overall health. The piezoelectric output voltage of creatininase/creatinase/sarcosine oxidase-modified ZnO nanowires (NWs) is significantly dependent on the creatinine concentration due to the coupling effect of the piezoelectric effect and enzymatic reaction (piezo-enzymatic-reaction effect), which can be regarded as both electrical energy and biosensing signal. Our results can be used for the detection of creatinine levels in the human body and have great potential in the prediction of related diseases.

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A Self-Powered Intelligent Tactile Electric Skin Based on ZnO/Fabrics for Real-Time Monitoring Grabbing of Snowboard

Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics ◽

10.1166/jno.2020.2693 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 179-183

Author(s):

Rongxin Guan ◽

Ziqi Wang ◽

Xinchao Gao ◽

Mailun Shen ◽

Xihong Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Power Source ◽

Scientific Basis ◽

Real Time Monitoring ◽

Textile Fabrics ◽

External Power Source ◽

External Power ◽

Self Powered ◽

The Stability ◽

Contact Position

Real-time monitoring of the position and duration of the snowboarder's grab in the air plays an very important role in scientifically improving the stability and innovation of the movement. Meanwhile, it also provides accurate scientific basis and judgment for the judges to identify the movement in the competition. By using four-needle ZnO nanowires combined with ordinary textile fabrics, a flexible device that can be attached to skis has been created. The device could output piezoelectric signals (working without external power source) served as both power source and sensing signal. Based on this, a snowboard has been modified to monitor the contact position and duration, when any touch or grab occurs on the snowboard. Undeniably, this work has created a new and more scientific monitoring system for snowboarding competitions and training. In addition, it's provide a viable method to promote the directions of sport competitions and equipment with constantly updating portable equipment.

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A self-powered damage detection sensor

The Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design ◽

10.1243/030932403321163640 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 115-124 ◽

Cited By ~ 74

Author(s):

N Elvin ◽

A Elvin ◽

D. H Choi

Keyword(s):

Strain Sensor ◽

Electrical Energy ◽

Power Source ◽

Central Processor ◽

Renewable Power ◽

External Power Source ◽

Environmentally Safe ◽

Potential Benefits ◽

External Power ◽

Self Powered

All existing methods of embedded damage-detecting sensors require an external power source and a means of transmitting the data to a central processor. This paper presents a novel self-powered strain sensor capable of transmitting data wirelessly to a remote receiver. This paper illustrates the performance of the sensor through the theoretical and experimental analysis of a simple damaged beam. The results show that a sensor powered through the conversion of mechanical to electrical energy is viable for detecting damage. The potential benefits of this sensor include ease of implementation during manufacture of the structure, and the use of an environmentally safe and renewable power source.

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Advances in Smart Sensing and Medical Electronics by Self-Powered Sensors Based on Triboelectric Nanogenerators

Micromachines ◽

10.3390/mi12060698 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 698

Author(s):

Min Jiang ◽

Yi Lu ◽

Zhiyuan Zhu ◽

Wenzhu Jia

Keyword(s):

Smart Cities ◽

Electrical Energy ◽

Research Progress ◽

Smart Transportation ◽

External Power Source ◽

External Power ◽

Self Powered ◽

Triboelectric Nanogenerators ◽

Social Applications ◽

The Internet Of Things

With the rapid progress of artificial intelligence, humans are moving toward the era of the intelligent connection of all things. Therefore, the demand for sensors is drastically increasing with developing intelligent social applications. Traditional sensors must be triggered by an external power source and the energy consumption is high for equipment that is widely distributed and working intermittently, which is not conducive to developing sustainable green and healthy applications. However, self-powered sensors based on triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) can autonomously harvest energy from the surrounding environment and convert this energy into electrical energy for storage. Sensors can also be self-powered without an external power supply, which is vital for smart cities, smart homes, smart transportation, environmental monitoring, wearable devices, and bio-medicine. This review mainly summarizes the working mechanism of TENG and the research progress of self-powered sensors based on TENG about the Internet of Things (IoT), robotics, human–computer interaction, and intelligent medical fields in recent years.

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A photovoltaic self-powered gas sensor based on a single-walled carbon nanotube/Si heterojunction

Nanoscale ◽

10.1039/c7nr02590d ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (47) ◽

pp. 18579-18583 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

L. Liu ◽

G. H. Li ◽

Y. Wang ◽

Y. Y. Wang ◽

T. Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotube ◽

Visible Light ◽

Gas Sensor ◽

Power Source ◽

Single Walled Carbon Nanotube ◽

External Power Source ◽

External Power ◽

Gas Molecules ◽

Self Powered ◽

Trace Concentrations

A self-powered gas sensor activated by visible light which can detect trace concentrations of gas molecules without an external power source.

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Recent Advances in Self-Powered Electrochemical Systems

Research ◽

10.34133/2021/4673028 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Linglin Zhou ◽

Di Liu ◽

Li Liu ◽

Lixia He ◽

Xia Cao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Energy ◽

Power Source ◽

Triboelectric Nanogenerator ◽

Application Domain ◽

Important Research ◽

Electrochemical System ◽

Electrochemical Systems ◽

External Power Source ◽

External Power ◽

Self Powered

Electrochemistry, one of the most important research and production technology, has been widely applicated in various fields. However, the requirement of external power source is a major challenge to its development. To solve this issue, developing self-powered electrochemical system (SPES) that can work by collecting energy from the environment is highly desired. The invention of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), which can transform mechanical energy into electricity, is a promising approach to build SPES by integrating with electrochemistry. In this view, the latest representative achievements of SPES based on TENG are comprehensively reviewed. By harvesting various mechanical energy, five SPESs are built, including electrochemical pollutants treatment, electrochemical synthesis, electrochemical sensor, electrochromic reaction, and anticorrosion system, according to the application domain. Additionally, the perspective for promoting the development of SPES is discussed.

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Ethanol Biofuel Cells: Hybrid Catalytic Cascades as a Tool for Biosensor Devices

Biosensors ◽

10.3390/bios11020041 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 41

Author(s):

Jefferson Honorio Franco ◽

Shelley D. Minteer ◽

Adalgisa R. De Andrade

Keyword(s):

Alternative Energy ◽

High Performance ◽

Electronic Conductivity ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

Electrical Energy ◽

Biofuel Cells ◽

Enzymatic Biofuel Cells ◽

External Power Source ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Self Powered

Biofuel cells use chemical reactions and biological catalysts (enzymes or microorganisms) to produce electrical energy, providing clean and renewable energy. Enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFCs) have promising characteristics and potential applications as an alternative energy source for low-power electronic devices. Over the last decade, researchers have focused on enhancing the electrocatalytic activity of biosystems and on increasing energy generation and electronic conductivity. Self-powered biosensors can use EBFCs while eliminating the need for an external power source. This review details improvements in EBFC and catalyst arrangements that will help to achieve complete substrate oxidation and to increase the number of collected electrons. It also describes how analytical techniques can be employed to follow the intermediates between the enzymes within the enzymatic cascade. We aim to demonstrate how a high-performance self-powered sensor design based on EBFCs developed for ethanol detection can be adapted and implemented in power devices for biosensing applications.

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Self-Powered Flexible Sour Sensor for Detecting Ascorbic Acid Concentration Based on Triboelectrification/Enzymatic-Reaction Coupling Effect

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21020373 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 373

Author(s):

Tianming Zhao ◽

Qi Wang ◽

An Du

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Acid Concentration ◽

Flexible Electronics ◽

Coupling Effect ◽

Enzymatic Reaction ◽

Wire Mesh ◽

Material System ◽

Ascorbic Acid Concentration ◽

Self Powered ◽

Reaction Coupling

Artificial sensory substitution systems can mimic human sensory organs through replacing the sensing process of a defective sensory receptor and transmitting the sensing signal into the nervous system. Here, we report a self-powered flexible gustation sour sensor for detecting ascorbic acid concentration. The material system comprises of Na2C2O4-Ppy with AAO modification, PDMS and Cu wire mesh. The working mechanism is contributed to the triboelectrification/enzymatic-reaction coupling effect, and the device can collect weak energy from body movements and directly output triboelectric current without any external power-units. The triboelectric output is affected by AA concentration, and the response is up to 34.82% against 15.625 mM/L of AA solution. Furthermore, a practical application in detecting ascorbic acid concentration of different drinks has been demonstrated. This work can encourage the development of wearable flexible electronics and this self-powered sour sensor has the potential that can be acted as a kind of gustatory receptors to build electronic tongues.

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Self-Powered Portable Electronic Reader for Point-of-Care Amperometric Measurements

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s19173715 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (17) ◽

pp. 3715 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yaiza Montes-Cebrián ◽

Albert Álvarez-Carulla ◽

Jordi Colomer-Farrarons ◽

Manel Puig-Vidal ◽

Pere Ll. Miribel-Català

Keyword(s):

Low Power ◽

Point Of Care ◽

Power Source ◽

Laboratory Equipment ◽

Fuel Concentration ◽

Point Of Care Diagnostics ◽

External Power Source ◽

Wide Range ◽

External Power ◽

Self Powered

In this work, we present a self-powered electronic reader (e-reader) for point-of-care diagnostics based on the use of a fuel cell (FC) which works as a power source and as a sensor. The self-powered e-reader extracts the energy from the FC to supply the electronic components concomitantly, while performing the detection of the fuel concentration. The designed electronics rely on straightforward standards for low power consumption, resulting in a robust and low power device without needing an external power source. Besides, the custom electronic instrumentation platform can process and display fuel concentration without requiring any type of laboratory equipment. In this study, we present the electronics system in detail and describe all modules that make up the system. Furthermore, we validate the device’s operation with different emulated FCs and sensors presented in the literature. The e-reader can be adjusted to numerous current ranges up to 3 mA, with a 13 nA resolution and an uncertainty of 1.8%. Besides, it only consumes 900 µW in the low power mode of operation, and it can operate with a minimum voltage of 330 mV. This concept can be extended to a wide range of fields, from biomedical to environmental applications.

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