scholarly journals Prediction of Human Inhibition Brain Function with Inter-Subject and Intra-Subject Variability

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 726
Author(s):  
Rupesh Kumar Chikara ◽  
Li-Wei Ko
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Stop Signal ◽  
Subject Classification ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Eeg Signals ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Subject Variability

The stop signal task has been used to quantify the human inhibitory control. The inter-subject and intra-subject variability was investigated under the inhibition of human response with a realistic environmental scenario. In present study, we used a battleground scenario where a sniper-scope picture was the background, a target picture was a go signal, and a nontarget picture was a stop signal. The task instructions were to respond on the target image and inhibit the response if a nontarget image appeared. This scenario produced a threatening situation and endorsed the evaluation of how subject’s response inhibition manifests in a real situation. In this study, 32 channels of electroencephalography (EEG) signals were collected from 20 participants during successful stop (response inhibition) and failed stop (response) trials. These EEG signals were used to predict two possible outcomes: successful stop or failed stop. The inter-subject variability (between-subjects) and intra-subject variability (within-subjects) affect the performance of participants in the classification system. The EEG signals of successful stop versus failed stop trials were classified using quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) (i.e., parametric) and K-nearest neighbor classifier (KNNC) and Parzen density-based (PARZEN) (i.e., nonparametric) under inter- and intra-subject variability. The EEG activities were found to increase during response inhibition in the frontal cortex (F3 and F4), presupplementary motor area (C3 and C4), parietal lobe (P3 and P4), and occipital (O1 and O2) lobe. Therefore, power spectral density (PSD) of EEG signals (1-50Hz) in F3, F4, C3, C4, P3, P4, O1, and O2 electrodes were measured in successful stop and failed stop trials. The PSD of the EEG signals was used as the feature input for the classifiers. Our proposed method shows an intra-subject classification accuracy of 97.61% for subject 15 with QDA classifier in C3 (left motor cortex) and an overall inter-subject classification accuracy of 71.66% ± 9.81% with the KNNC classifier in F3 (left frontal lobe). These results display how inter-subject and intra-subject variability affects the performance of the classification system. These findings can be used effectively to improve the psychopathology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), schizophrenia, and suicidality.

scholarly journals Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Response Inhibition: Meta-analysis of the Stop-Signal Task

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendall Mar ◽  
Parker Townes ◽  
Petros Pechlivanoglou ◽  
Paul Arnold ◽  
Russell James Schachar
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Stop Signal ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Stop Signal Reaction Time

This systematic review and meta-analysis updates evidence pertaining to deficient response inhibition in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) as measured by the stop-signal task (SST). We conducted a meta-analysis of the literature to compare response inhibition in patients with OCD and healthy controls, meta-regressions to determine relative influences of age and sex on response inhibition impairment, and a risk of bias assessment for included studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Stop-signal reaction time (SSRT), which estimates the latency of the stopping process deficit, was significantly longer in OCD samples than in controls, reflecting inferior inhibitory control (Raw mean difference = 23.43ms; p = <0.001; 95% CI = [17.42, 29.45]). We did not observe differences in mean reaction time (MRT) in OCD compared to controls (Raw mean difference = 2.51ms; p = 0.755; 95% CI = [-13.27, 18.30]). Age impacted effect size of SSRT, indicating a greater deficit in older patients than younger ones. We did not observe a significant effect of sex on SSRT or MRT scores.

scholarly journals Inhibition of thoughts and actions in obsessive-compulsive disorder: extending the endophenotype?

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Morein-Zamir ◽  
N. A. Fineberg ◽  
T. W. Robbins ◽  
B. J. Sahakian
Keyword(s):  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Motor Response ◽  
Thought Suppression ◽  
Stop Signal ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Response Suppression ◽  
Motor Inhibition ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Stimulus Meaning

BackgroundObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been associated with impairments in stop-signal inhibition, a measure of motor response suppression. The study used a novel paradigm to examine both thought suppression and response inhibition in OCD, where the modulatory effects of stimuli relevant to OCD could also be assessed. Additionally, the study compared inhibitory impairments in OCD patients with and without co-morbid depression, as depression is the major co-morbidity of OCD.MethodVolitional response suppression and unintentional thought suppression to emotive and neutral stimuli were examined using a novel thought stop-signal task. The thought stop-signal task was administered to non-depressed OCD patients, depressed OCD patients and healthy controls (n=20 per group).ResultsMotor inhibition impairments were evident in OCD patients, while motor response performance did not differ between patients and controls. Switching to a new response but not motor inhibition was affected by stimulus relevance in OCD patients. Additionally, unintentional thought suppression as measured by repetition priming was intact. OCD patients with and without depression did not differ on any task performance measures, though there were significant differences in all self-reported measures.ConclusionsResults support motor inhibition deficits in OCD that remain stable regardless of stimulus meaning or co-morbid depression. Only switching to a new response was influenced by stimulus meaning. When response inhibition was successful in OCD patients, so was the unintentional suppression of the accompanying thought.

scholarly journals Stop Signal Reaction Time Deficits in a Lifetime Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Sample

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 785-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole C.R. McLaughlin ◽  
Jason Kirschner ◽  
Hallee Foster ◽  
Chloe O’Connell ◽  
Steven A. Rasmussen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Stop Signal ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Stop Signal Reaction Time

AbstractObjectives: Several studies have found impaired response inhibition, measured by a stop-signal task (SST), in individuals who are currently symptomatic for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The aim of this study was to assess stop-signal reaction time (SSRT) performance in individuals with a lifetime diagnosis of OCD, in comparison to a healthy control group. This is the first study that has examined OCD in participants along a continuum of OCD severity, including approximately half of whom had sub-syndromal symptoms at the time of assessment. Methods: OCD participants were recruited primarily from within the OCD clinic at a psychiatric hospital, as well as from the community. Healthy controls were recruited from the community. We used the stop signal task to examine the difference between 21 OCD participants (mean age, 42.95 years) and 40 healthy controls (mean age, 35.13 years). We also investigated the relationship between SST and measures of OCD, depression, and anxiety severity. Results: OCD participants were significantly slower than healthy controls with regard to mean SSRT. Contrary to our prediction, there was no correlation between SSRT and current levels of OCD, anxiety, and depression severity. Conclusions: Results support prior studies showing impaired response inhibition in OCD, and extend the findings to a sample of patients with lifetime OCD who were not all currently above threshold for diagnosis. These findings indicate that response inhibition deficits may be a biomarker of OCD, regardless of current severity levels. (JINS, 2016, 22, 785–789)

scholarly journals The Role of Response Inhibition in Medicated and Unmedicated Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Patients: Evidence from the Stop-Signal Task

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eyal Kalanthroff ◽  
Tobias Teichert ◽  
Michael G. Wheaton ◽  
Marcia B. Kimeldorf ◽  
Omer Linkovski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Stop Signal ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

Response inhibition in the obsessive-compulsive spectrum

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 150-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sottocorno ◽  
R. Martoni ◽  
E. Galimberti ◽  
E. Fadda ◽  
L. Bellodi
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Stop Signal ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Significant Difference

IntroductionSome authors suggest that Anorexia Nervosa (AN) could be considered as part of the Obsessive Compulsive Spectrum. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) might be best characterized in terms of failures in cognitive and behavioral inhibitory functions. Impairments in intentionally inhibiting simple motor actions (Response Inhibition) have been demonstrated in these patients but no studies were conducted in AN patients.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate Response Inhibition (RI) in patients with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), patients with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and Healthy Controls (HC).Methods29 HC, 17 patients with OCD and 15 patients with AN were recruited. Stop Signal Task (SST) selected from Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) was administered to all participants. SST is based on the Logan's theory and it gives an index of Response Inhibition, called Stop Signal Reaction Time (SSRT).ResultsA significant difference in SSRT between HC and the clinical groups was found. No differences in SSRT and number of “Direction Errors” were found between OCD and AN groups. No gender influence on the SST performance was found.OCD group showed slower reaction times to the main task than AN and HC.ConclusionResults from neuropsychological assessment have shown a deficit in the Response Inhibition in OCD and AN patients, in line with our hypothesis. Findings supports evidences in literature about OCD patients, but it represents a pioneer result in the contest of AN patients.

scholarly journals Cortical silent period reflects individual differences in action stopping performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Paci ◽  
Giulio Di Cosmo ◽  
Mauro Gianni Perrucci ◽  
Francesca Ferri ◽  
Marcello Costantini
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Silent Period ◽  
Intracortical Inhibition ◽  
Stop Signal ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
Cortical Silent Period ◽  
Stop Signal Reaction Time

AbstractInhibitory control is the ability to suppress inappropriate movements and unwanted actions, allowing to regulate impulses and responses. This ability can be measured via the Stop Signal Task, which provides a temporal index of response inhibition, namely the stop signal reaction time (SSRT). At the neural level, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) allows to investigate motor inhibition within the primary motor cortex (M1), such as the cortical silent period (CSP) which is an index of GABAB-mediated intracortical inhibition within M1. Although there is strong evidence that intracortical inhibition varies during action stopping, it is still not clear whether differences in the neurophysiological markers of intracortical inhibition contribute to behavioral differences in actual inhibitory capacities. Hence, here we explored the relationship between intracortical inhibition within M1 and behavioral response inhibition. GABABergic-mediated inhibition in M1 was determined by the duration of CSP, while behavioral inhibition was assessed by the SSRT. We found a significant positive correlation between CSP’s duration and SSRT, namely that individuals with greater levels of GABABergic-mediated inhibition seem to perform overall worse in inhibiting behavioral responses. These results support the assumption that individual differences in intracortical inhibition are mirrored by individual differences in action stopping abilities.

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