scholarly journals Post-Earthquake Rapid Damage Assessment of Road Bridges in Glina County

Buildings ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Anđelko Vlašić ◽  
Mladen Srbić ◽  
Dominik Skokandić ◽  
Ana Mandić Ivanković
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Strong Earthquake ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Structural Condition ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town ◽  
Earthquake Assessment ◽  
Housing Units

In December 2020, a strong earthquake occurred in Northwestern Croatia with a magnitude of ML = 6.3. The epicenter of this earthquake was located in the town of Petrinja, about 50 km from Zagreb, and caused severe structural damage throughout Sisak-Moslavina county. One of the biggest problems after this earthquake was the structural condition of the bridges, especially since most of them had to be used immediately for demolition, rescue, and the transport of mobile housing units in the affected areas. Teams of civil engineers were quickly formed to assess the damage and structural viability of these bridges and take necessary actions to make them operational again. This paper presents the results of the rapid post-earthquake assessment for a total of eight bridges, all located in or around the city of Glina. For the assessment, a visual inspection was performed according to a previously established methodology. Although most of the inspected bridges were found to be deteriorated due to old age and lack of maintenance, very few of them showed serious damage from the earthquake, with only one bridge requiring immediate strengthening measures and use restrictions. These measurements are also presented in this paper.

Damage Assessment of a Building Subjected to a Terrorist Attack

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 1693-1704 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.L. Eskew ◽  
S. Jang
Keyword(s):  
Damage Detection ◽  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Structural Condition ◽  
Condition Assessment ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Specific Element

An increasing threat of global terrorism has led to concerns about bombings of buildings, which could cause minor to severe structural damage. After such an event, it is important to rapidly assess the damage to the building to ensure safe and efficient emergency response. Current methods of visual inspection and non-destructive testing are expensive, subjective, and time consuming for emergency responders' usage immediately after an attack. On the other hand, vibration-based damage detection methods with wireless smart sensors could provide rapid assessment of structural characteristics with low cost. For blast analysis, structural response is usually determined using a simplified SDOF version of the undamaged structure, such as used in a Pressure-Impulse (P-I) Diagram, or using more complex FEM (finite element method) models. However, the simplified models cannot take into account damage caused by blast focus at a specific location or on a specific element, which may induce local failure leading to potential progressive collapse, and the more complex FEM models take too long to derive applicable results to be effective for a rapid structural assessment. In this paper, a new method to incorporate vibration-based damage detection methods to calculate the multi degree of freedom structural stiffness for determining structural condition is provided to create a framework for the rapid structural condition assessment of buildings after a terrorist attack. The stiffness parameters are generated from the modal analysis of the measured vibration on the building, which are then used in a numerical simulation to determine its structural response from the blast. The calculated structural response is then compared to limit conditions that have been developed from ASCE blast design codes to determine the damage assessment. A laboratory-scale building frame has been employed to validate the developed use of experimentally determined stiffness by comparing the P-I diagram using the experimental stiffness with that from numerical models. The reasonable match between the P-I diagrams from the numerical models and the experiments shows the positive potential of the method. The framework and examples of how to develop a rapid condition assessment are presented.

scholarly journals Satellite Imagery-Based Damage Assessment on Nineveh and Nebi Yunus Archaeological Site in Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1672
Author(s):  
Emanuele Angiuli ◽  
Epifanio Pecharromán ◽  
Pablo Vega Ezquieta ◽  
Maria Gorzynska ◽  
Ionut Ovejanu
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Satellite Centre ◽  
The City ◽  
The Eu

During the last decades, archaeological site looting throughout Iraq has increased significantly up to a point where some of the most famous and relevant ancient Mesopotamian cities are currently threatened in their integrity. Several important archaeological monuments and artifacts have been destroyed, due to ISIL attacks and associated looting. Since 2016, the policies of the European Union have been increasingly harsh to condemn these atrocious acts of destruction. In such a scenario, the European Union Satellite Centre can be an invaluable instrument for the identification and assessment of the damage in areas occupied by ISIL. A detailed view of the damage suffered by the Nineveh and Nebi Yunus ancient sites, in Iraq, was assessed via visual inspection. The analysis was conducted considering the main events that occurred in the city of Mosul, between November 2013 and March 2018. More than 25 satellite images, new acquisitions and archived, supported by collateral data, allowed the detection and classification of the damage occurred over time. A description of the methodology and the classification of category and type of damage is presented. The results of the analysis confirm the dramatic levels of destruction that these two ancient sites have been suffering since 2013. The analysis reported in this paper is part of a wider study that the SatCen conducted in cooperation with the EU Counter-Terrorism Office and PRISM Office. The whole activity aimed at confirming to EU institutions the massive looting and trafficking operated in the area. The results have been provided to archaeologists in the field as well in support of local authorities who are trying to evaluate the current situation in the area.

scholarly journals Facade Damage Assessment of the Buildings in Bam, Iran 2003 and Kermanshah, Iran 2017 Earthquakes

2021 ◽  
Vol 1208 (1) ◽  
pp. 012042
Author(s):  
Hamid Farrokh Ghatte
Keyword(s):  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Strong Earthquake ◽  
Unreinforced Masonry ◽  
Building Damage ◽  
Earthquake Magnitude ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Performance Level ◽  
The City

Abstract One of the essential factors in buildings frontage is the continuity of the structural and building envelope parts. In this investigation, a comparison was made between Bam and Kermanshah earthquakes. A strong earthquake (magnitude 6.6) struck the city of Bam in southeast Iran on 26 December 2003, and similarly, another strong earthquake struck the city of Kermanshah (magnitude 7.3) in Iran on 12 November 2017. Damage in the facades of the buildings was a clear contributor to the overall building damage. This paper presents the damage assessment of the different facade systems from multi-story buildings in Bam and Kermanshah, Iran. The survey covers the buildings greater than three stories in height, excluding most unreinforced masonry facades. As far as a building can have more than one facade system, any facade systems are evaluated individually. Observation of facade damage is discussed and is presented in terms of its performance level.

scholarly journals POTENTIAL OF MULTI-TEMPORAL OBLIQUE AIRBORNE IMAGERY FOR STRUCTURAL DAMAGE ASSESSMENT

2016 ◽  
Vol III-3 ◽  
pp. 355-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Vetrivel ◽  
D. Duarte ◽  
F. Nex ◽  
M. Gerke ◽  
N. Kerle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Building Facades ◽  
Event Information ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Oblique Images ◽  
The City

Quick post-disaster actions demand automated, rapid and detailed building damage assessment. Among the available technologies, post-event oblique airborne images have already shown their potential for this task. However, existing methods usually compensate the lack of pre-event information with aprioristic assumptions of building shapes and textures that can lead to uncertainties and misdetections. However, oblique images have been already captured over many cities of the world, and the exploitation of pre- and post-event data as inputs to damage assessment is readily feasible in urban areas. In this paper, we investigate the potential of multi-temporal oblique imagery for detailed damage assessment focusing on two methodologies: the first method aims at detecting severe structural damages related to geometrical deformation by combining the complementary information provided by photogrammetric point clouds and oblique images. The developed method detected 87% of damaged elements. The failed detections are due to varying noise levels within the point cloud which hindered the recognition of some structural elements. We observed, in general that the façade regions are very noisy in point clouds. To address this, we propose our second method which aims to detect damages to building façades using the oriented oblique images. The results show that the proposed methodology can effectively differentiate among the three proposed categories: collapsed/highly damaged, lower levels of damage and undamaged buildings, using a computationally light-weight approach. We describe the implementations of the above mentioned methods in detail and present the promising results achieved using multi-temporal oblique imagery over the city of L’Aquila (Italy).

scholarly journals POTENTIAL OF MULTI-TEMPORAL OBLIQUE AIRBORNE IMAGERY FOR STRUCTURAL DAMAGE ASSESSMENT

2016 ◽  
Vol III-3 ◽  
pp. 355-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Vetrivel ◽  
D. Duarte ◽  
F. Nex ◽  
M. Gerke ◽  
N. Kerle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Building Facades ◽  
Event Information ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Oblique Images ◽  
The City

Quick post-disaster actions demand automated, rapid and detailed building damage assessment. Among the available technologies, post-event oblique airborne images have already shown their potential for this task. However, existing methods usually compensate the lack of pre-event information with aprioristic assumptions of building shapes and textures that can lead to uncertainties and misdetections. However, oblique images have been already captured over many cities of the world, and the exploitation of pre- and post-event data as inputs to damage assessment is readily feasible in urban areas. In this paper, we investigate the potential of multi-temporal oblique imagery for detailed damage assessment focusing on two methodologies: the first method aims at detecting severe structural damages related to geometrical deformation by combining the complementary information provided by photogrammetric point clouds and oblique images. The developed method detected 87% of damaged elements. The failed detections are due to varying noise levels within the point cloud which hindered the recognition of some structural elements. We observed, in general that the façade regions are very noisy in point clouds. To address this, we propose our second method which aims to detect damages to building façades using the oriented oblique images. The results show that the proposed methodology can effectively differentiate among the three proposed categories: collapsed/highly damaged, lower levels of damage and undamaged buildings, using a computationally light-weight approach. We describe the implementations of the above mentioned methods in detail and present the promising results achieved using multi-temporal oblique imagery over the city of L’Aquila (Italy).

Evaluation of Road Utilisation as Space For Holding Social Ceremonies in Indigenous Residential Area of Ogbomoso, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (March 2018) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A Okanlawon ◽  
O.O Odunjo ◽  
S.A Olaniyan
Keyword(s):  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Noisy Environment ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Core ◽  
Local Roads ◽  
Strict Enforcement ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

This study examined Residents’ evaluation of turning transport infrastructure (road) to spaces for holding social ceremonies in the indigenous residential zone of Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. Upon stratifying the city into the three identifiable zones, the core, otherwise known as the indigenous residential zone was isolated for study. Of the twenty (20) political wards in the two local government areas of the town, fifteen (15) wards that were located in the indigenous zone constituted the study area. Respondents were selected along one out of every three (33.3%) of the Trunk — C (local) roads being the one mostly used for the purpose in the study area. The respondents were the residents, commercial motorists, commercial motorcyclists, and celebrants. Six hundred and forty-two (642) copies of questionnaire were administered and harvested on the spot. The Mean Analysis generated from the respondents’ rating of twelve perceived hazards listed in the questionnaire were then used to determine respondents’ most highly rated perceived consequences of the practice. These were noisy environment, Blockage of drainage by waste, and Endangering the life of the sick on the way to hospital; the most highly rated reasons why the practice came into being; and level of acceptability of the practice which was found to be very unacceptable in the study area. Policy makers should therefore focus their attention on strict enforcement of the law prohibiting the practice in order to ensure more cordial relationship among the citizenry, seeing citizens’ unacceptability of the practice in the study area.

scholarly journals Features of Cross-Correlation Analysis in a Data-Driven Approach for Structural Damage Assessment

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhonatan Camacho Navarro ◽  
Magda Ruiz ◽  
Rodolfo Villamizar ◽  
Luis Mujica ◽  
Jabid Quiroga
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Cross Correlation Analysis ◽  
Data Driven Approach

scholarly journals The 2011 Tohoku Tsunami from the Sky: A Review on the Evolution of Artificial Intelligence Methods for Damage Assessment

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Jérémie Sublime
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
North East ◽  
2011 Tohoku Tsunami ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Methods ◽  
The Future ◽  
Tohoku Tsunami

The Tohoku tsunami was a devastating event that struck North-East Japan in 2011 and remained in the memory of people worldwide. The amount of devastation was so great that it took years to achieve a proper assessment of the economical and structural damage, with the consequences still being felt today. However, this tsunami was also one of the first observed from the sky by modern satellites and aircrafts, thus providing a unique opportunity to exploit these data and train artificial intelligence methods that could help to better handle the aftermath of similar disasters in the future. This paper provides a review of how artificial intelligence methods applied to case studies about the Tohoku tsunami have evolved since 2011. We focus on more than 15 studies that are compared and evaluated in terms of the data they require, the methods used, their degree of automation, their metric performances, and their strengths and weaknesses.

scholarly journals Social Housing Customization in Brazil

Encyclopedia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-601
Author(s):  
Luisa Felix Dalla Vecchia ◽  
Nirce Saffer Medvedovski
Keyword(s):  
Mass Customization ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Family Needs ◽  
Unit Design ◽  
The City ◽  
Development And Evolution ◽  
Housing Units

Social housing customization in Brazil refers to the current processes of development and evolution of government-funded neighborhoods for the lowest-income population. The mass production of small housing units that do not satisfy family needs instigates a self-design and self-construction process post-occupancy to customize the units. Ultimately, these changes to the units bring unintended negative consequences for the families and the city. In this context, mass customization is seen as an alternative to address some of the problems related to unit design.

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