Pediatric Urachal Anomalies: Monocentric Experience and Mini-Review of Literature

Background: Surgery is the current mainstay for the treatment of urachal anomalies (UA). Recent literature data support the theory of a spontaneous resolution within the first year of life. The aim of this study, comprising solely surgically treated children, was to identify age specific patterns regarding symptoms and outcomes that may support the non-surgical treatment of UA. Methods: Retrospective review on the clinico-laboratory characteristics of 52 children aged < 17 years undergoing resection of symptomatic UA at our pediatric surgical unit during 2006–2017. Data was dichotomized into age > 1 (n = 17) versus < 1 year (n = 35), and complicated (pre-/post-surgical abscess formation or peritonitis, n = 10) versus non-complicated course (n = 42). Results: Children aged < 1 year comprised majority (67%) of cohort and had lower complication rates (p = 0.062). Complicated course at surgery exclusively occurred in patients aged > 1 year (p = 0.003). Additionally, complicated group was older (p = 0.018), displayed leukocytosis (p < 0.001) and higher frequencies regarding presence of abdominal pain (p = 0.008) and abdominal mass (p = 0.034) on admission. Regression analysis identified present abdominal pain (OR (95% CI), 11.121 (1.152–107.337); p = 0.037) and leukocytosis (1.435 (1.070–1.925); p = 0.016) being associated with complicated course. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that symptomatic disease course follows an age-dependent complication pattern with lower complication rates at age < 1 year. Larger, studies have to clarify, if waiting for spontaneous urachal obliteration during the first year of life comprises a reasonable alternative to surgery.

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Operation procedure of sacrococcygeal fetus in fetu

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi51.1.2011.58-60 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

pp. 58 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rochadi Rochadi

Keyword(s):

Adrenal Gland ◽

Abdominal Mass ◽

Rare Condition ◽

Mature Embryo ◽

First Year ◽

Fetus In Fetu ◽

Sacrococcygeal Region ◽

Parasitic Twin ◽

Operation Procedure ◽

First Year Of Life

Fetus in fetu is a condition in wich a fetiform calcified mass often presents in the abdomen of its host, a newborn. It is extremely rare condition, estimated once in 500,000 deliveries and has a 2: 1 male predominantly; with most patient presenting with an abdominal mass in the first year of life. 5,13 The term fetus in fetu is used to point out an unequal division of totipotential cells of blastocyst where the result is the inclusion of a small cellular mass in the more mature embryo. It was encapsulated, pedunculated and represents a malformed monozygotic, monochorionic, diamniotic parasitic twin. In 80% cases, fetus in fetu is located retroperitonealy but can be found in unusual location such as in oropharynx, neck, skull mediastinum, pelvis, iliac mesentery, adrenal gland, sacrococcygeal region and scrotal sac.

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355 Incomplete Intestinal Rotation with Appendicular Abscess Causing Diagnostic Dilemma in An Adult Patient

British Journal of Surgery ◽

10.1093/bjs/znab134.263 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 108 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

I Almafreji ◽

N Nur

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Abdominal Pain ◽

Literature Review ◽

First Year ◽

Inflammatory Mass ◽

Diagnostic Dilemma ◽

Abdominal Symptoms ◽

History Of ◽

First Year Of Life ◽

Intestinal Rotation

Abstract Intestinal malrotation presents as an emergency in the neonate and within the first year of life. Incomplete intestinal rotation may remain asymptomatic and undiagnosed. Adult patients are usually diagnosed incidentally while being investigated for nonspecific abdominal symptoms. We report a case of a 43-year-old female who presented with a 10-day history of paraumbilical abdominal pain. Computed tomography demonstrated features of incomplete intestinal rotation and a centrally located inflammatory mass related to the appendix. She underwent a laparotomy and appendectomy. Upon a brief literature review of similar cases, there seems to be a conflict of views regarding the management of incidentally diagnosed adult incomplete intestinal rotation.

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Genome-Wide Association Study of Cryptosporidiosis in Infants Implicates PRKCA

mBio ◽

10.1128/mbio.03343-19 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Genevieve L. Wojcik ◽

Poonum Korpe ◽

Chelsea Marie ◽

Alexander J. Mentzer ◽

Tommy Carstensen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protein Kinase C ◽

Protein Kinase ◽

Genome Wide Association Study ◽

First Year ◽

Symptomatic Disease ◽

Kinase C ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Protein Kinase C Alpha ◽

First Year Of Life

ABSTRACT Diarrhea is a major cause of both morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially among young children. Cryptosporidiosis is a leading cause of diarrhea in children, particularly in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, where it is responsible for over 200,000 deaths per year. Beyond the initial clinical presentation of diarrhea, it is associated with long-term sequelae such as malnutrition and neurocognitive developmental deficits. Risk factors include poverty and overcrowding, and yet not all children with these risk factors and exposure are infected, nor do all infected children develop symptomatic disease. One potential risk factor to explain these differences is their human genome. To identify genetic variants associated with symptomatic cryptosporidiosis, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) examining 6.5 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 873 children from three independent cohorts in Dhaka, Bangladesh, namely, the Dhaka Birth Cohort (DBC), the Performance of Rotavirus and Oral Polio Vaccines in Developing Countries (PROVIDE) study, and the Cryptosporidiosis Birth Cohort (CBC). Associations were estimated separately for each cohort under an additive model, adjusting for length-for-age Z-score at 12 months of age, the first two principal components to account for population substructure, and genotyping batch. The strongest meta-analytic association was with rs58296998 (P = 3.73 × 10−8), an intronic SNP and expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) of protein kinase C alpha (PRKCA). Each additional risk allele conferred 2.4 times the odds of Cryptosporidium-associated diarrhea in the first year of life. This genetic association suggests a role for protein kinase C alpha in pediatric cryptosporidiosis and warrants further investigation. IMPORTANCE Globally, diarrhea remains one of the major causes of pediatric morbidity and mortality. The initial symptoms of diarrhea can often lead to long-term consequences for the health of young children, such as malnutrition and neurocognitive developmental deficits. Despite many children having similar exposures to infectious causes of diarrhea, not all develop symptomatic disease, indicating a possible role for human genetic variation. Here, we conducted a genetic study of susceptibility to symptomatic disease associated with Cryptosporidium infection (a leading cause of diarrhea) in three independent cohorts of infants from Dhaka, Bangladesh. We identified a genetic variant within protein kinase C alpha (PRKCA) associated with higher risk of cryptosporidiosis in the first year of life. These results indicate a role for human genetics in susceptibility to cryptosporidiosis and warrant further research to elucidate the mechanism.

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Genome-wide association study of cryptosporidiosis in infants implicates PRKCA

10.1101/819052 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Genevieve L. Wojcik ◽

Poonum Korpe ◽

Chelsea Marie ◽

Josyf Mychaleckyj ◽

Beth D. Kirkpatrick ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Protein Kinase C ◽

Genome Wide Association Study ◽

Genome Wide Association ◽

First Year ◽

Symptomatic Disease ◽

Kinase C ◽

Genome Wide ◽

First Year Of Life

AbstractDiarrhea is a major cause of both morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially among young children. Cryptosporidiosis is a leading cause of diarrhea in children, particularly in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa where it is responsible for over 200,000 deaths per year. Beyond the initial clinical presentation of diarrhea, it is associated with long term sequelae such as malnutrition and neurocognitive developmental deficits. Risk factors include poverty and overcrowding, yet not all children with these risk factors and exposure are infected, nor do all infected children develop symptomatic disease. One potential risk factor to explain these differences is their human genome. To identify genetic variants associated with symptomatic cryptosporidiosis, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) examining 6.5 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 873 children from three independent cohorts in Dhaka, Bangladesh: the Dhaka Birth Cohort (DBC), the Performance of Rotavirus and Oral Polio Vaccines in Developing Countries (PROVIDE) study, and the Cryptosporidiosis Birth Cohort (CBC). Associations were estimated separately for each cohort under an additive model, adjusting for height-for-age Z-score at 12 months of age, the first two principal components to account for population substructure, and genotyping batch. The strongest meta-analytic association was with rs58296998 (P=3.73×10−8), an intronic SNP and eQTL of PRKCA. Each additional risk allele conferred 2.4 times the odds of cryptosporidiosis in the first year of life. This genetic association suggests a role for protein kinase C alpha in pediatric cryptosporidiosis and warrants further investigation. This article was submitted to an online preprint archive.(1)ImportanceGlobally, one of the major causes of pediatric morbidity and mortality remains diarrhea. The initial symptoms of diarrhea can often lead to long term consequences for the health of young children, such as malnutrition and neurocognitive developmental deficits. Despite many children having similar exposures to infectious causes of diarrhea, not all develop symptomatic disease, indicating a possible role for human genetic variation. Here we conducted a genetic study of susceptibility to symptomatic disease associated with Cryptosporidium infection (a leading cause of diarrhea) in three independent cohorts of infants from Dhaka, Bangladesh. We identified a genetic variant within protein kinase c alpha (PRKCA) associated with higher risk of cryptosporidiosis in the first year of life. These results indicate a role for human genetics in susceptibility to cryptosporidiosis and warrant further research to elucidate the mechanism.

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Encysted Hydrocele of Canal of Nück

Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research ◽

10.24017/science.2016.1.1.10 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 84-86

Author(s):

Mohammed Babakir-Mina

Keyword(s):

Inguinal Hernia ◽

Peritoneal Cavity ◽

Femoral Hernia ◽

First Year ◽

Indirect Inguinal Hernia ◽

Processus Vaginalis ◽

Patent Processus Vaginalis ◽

Canal Of Nuck ◽

First Year Of Life ◽

Surgical Unit

The canal of Nuck is analogous to a patent processus vaginalis in a male, which normally loses its communication to the peritoneal cavity within the first year of life. Failure of obliteration of this tract can result in a hydrocele. We present a case of 38 years old lady referred to our surgical unit from Gynecologist as left obstructed femoral hernia. A fluid filled sac (Encysted Hydrocele of Canal of Nück) with small indirect inguinal hernia.

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Fecaloma Complicating Colostomy for Hirschprung Disease

American Journal of Clinical Pathology ◽

10.1093/ajcp/aqz113.074 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 152 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S67-S67

Author(s):

Samuel Ohayi ◽

Nnaemeka Onyishi ◽

Kevin Chukwubuike

Keyword(s):

Ganglion Cells ◽

Abdominal Mass ◽

Rectal Biopsy ◽

Distal Portion ◽

Definitive Treatment ◽

First Year ◽

Surgical Specimen ◽

History Of ◽

Colon Segment ◽

First Year Of Life

Abstract Background Hirschprung disease (HD) is a congenital disorder characterized by absence of ganglion cells in the distal portion of the large intestine with resultant obstruction. It commonly manifests shortly after birth, hence its usual diagnosis in the first year of life. A defunctioning colostomy precedes definitive treatment. Prolonged obstruction following untreated HD or any condition may progressively lead to fecaloma, a mass of inspissated feces commonly in the rectosigmoid that is much harder than impacted feces. If prolonged, affected intestine looks like a tumor. We present a case of fecaloma of the transverse colon complicating colostomy done for Hirschprung disease. Case Report A 6-year-old boy with a 6-year history of difficulty with passing stool with progressive abdominal swelling had Swenson’s procedure (ie, proctectomy) and prolapsing of ganglionic colon to the anus with left hemicolectomy. He had presented to the pediatric surgery unit of our hospital 4 years previously with these symptoms with a defunctioning colostomy performed for suspected HD. He reportedly passed meconium a day after birth and subsequently passed stool once in 7 to 14 days spontaneously or after digital manipulations. Stooling frequency progressively reduced but no vomiting. Following administration of herbs, he developed diarrhea, and with worsening symptoms, he presented to our hospital. Three years postcolostomy, rectal biopsy was performed with a histology confirming aganglionosis of the rectum (HD). Barium enema had shown long-segment HD with dilated rectosigmoid colon but no fecaloma. Surgical specimen received in the histopathology laboratory consisted of colon segment comprising a colostomy stump with a ring of skin (colostomy stoma) and a proximal markedly dilated portion filled with fecaloma followed by a hypertrophied proximal portion. Histology showed presence of ganglion cells in these segments. Conclusion Fecaloma should be suspected in a protracted colostomy with abdominal mass proximal to the stoma.

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Tracheotomy in the Preterm Infant

Annals of Otology Rhinology & Laryngology ◽

10.1177/000348948709600117 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 96 (1) ◽

pp. 68-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Margaret A. Kenna ◽

James S. Reilly ◽

Sylvan E. Stool

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Preterm Infants ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Complication Rate ◽

Medical Condition ◽

Late Complication ◽

First Year ◽

Complication Rates ◽

Early Complications ◽

First Year Of Life

Over the last decade, prolonged survival of preterm infants (gestation ≤ 36 weeks) who require lengthy periods of mechanical ventilation has necessitated that many of these infants undergo tracheotomy. The complication rate for tracheotomy in these preterm infants has not been reported. We compared 83 full-term (FT) infants who underwent tracheotomy in their first year of life with 41 preterm infants. Twenty-three preterm infants had birth weight ≥ 1,500 g (PT), and 18 of the preterm infants had gestational age ≤32 weeks and birth weight ≤ 1,500 g (PT-VLBW). Early complications (day 0 to 7) occurred in over 50% of the PT-VLBW compared to only 24% of the FT infants. Late complication rates were similar for all three groups. This higher early complication rate for PT-VLBW infants may be related to gestational age, low birth weight, and medical condition rather than surgical technique.

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Risk Factors for Development of Complications in Children With Pneumonia

Bulletin of Science and Practice ◽

10.33619/2414-2948/61/24 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (12) ◽

pp. 241-247

Author(s):

G. Saatova ◽

V. Mikhailova ◽

D. Kabaeva

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Postnatal Development ◽

Clinical Course ◽

First Year ◽

Comprehensive Examination ◽

Complicated Course ◽

First Year Of Life

A comprehensive examination of 150 children of the first year of life with pneumonia was carried out. The rank significance of risk factors for ante-, intra-, postnatal development, contributing to the formation of a complicated course of pneumonia, anamnesis of the disease, features of the clinical course of pneumonia in children of the first year of life were studied.

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The Development of Swallowing Respiratory Coordination

Perspectives on Swallowing and Swallowing Disorders (Dysphagia) ◽

10.1044/sasd18.1.19 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 19-24

Author(s):

Maggie-Lee Huckabee

Keyword(s):

Cortical Activation ◽

First Year ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Nasal Airflow ◽

Single Session ◽

Primary Finding ◽

Patterns Of Behavior ◽

Cortical Modulation ◽

First Year Of Life ◽

Swallowing Apnea

Abstract Research exists that evaluates the mechanics of swallowing respiratory coordination in healthy children and adults as well and individuals with swallowing impairment. The research program summarized in this article represents a systematic examination of swallowing respiratory coordination across the lifespan as a means of behaviorally investigating mechanisms of cortical modulation. Using time-locked recordings of submental surface electromyography, nasal airflow, and thyroid acoustics, three conditions of swallowing were evaluated in 20 adults in a single session and 10 infants in 10 sessions across the first year of life. The three swallowing conditions were selected to represent a continuum of volitional through nonvolitional swallowing control on the basis of a decreasing level of cortical activation. Our primary finding is that, across the lifespan, brainstem control strongly dictates the duration of swallowing apnea and is heavily involved in organizing the integration of swallowing and respiration, even in very early infancy. However, there is evidence that cortical modulation increases across the first 12 months of life to approximate more adult-like patterns of behavior. This modulation influences primarily conditions of volitional swallowing; sleep and naïve swallows appear to not be easily adapted by cortical regulation. Thus, it is attention, not arousal that engages cortical mechanisms.

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