scholarly journals First Insight into the Variation of the Milk Serum Proteome within and between Individual Cows

Dairy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
Lina Zhang ◽  
Sjef Boeren ◽  
Jeroen Heck ◽  
Jacques Vervoort ◽  
Peng Zhou ◽  
...  

Milk contains all nutrients needed for development of calves. One important group of components responsible for this are the milk proteins. Variation due to feed or animal health, has been studied for the most abundant milk proteins. The aim of this study was to determine the variation between and within cows for their milk serum proteome. Sample Set 1 was collected from Holstein Friesian (HF) cows between November 2011 and March 2012 and prepared using filter aided sample preparation (FASP) followed by LC-MS/MS for protein identification and quantification. The results showed that the milk serum proteome was very constant in mid lactation (four cows at five time points, p > 0.05) between 3 and 6 months in lactation. Sample Set 2 was collected from HF cows in Dec 2012 and analyzed using FASP and dimethyl labeling followed by LC-MS/MS. Significant variation in the milk serum proteome (p < 0.05) between 17 individual cows was found in Sample Set 2. The most variable proteins were immune-related proteins, which may reflect the health status of the individual cow. On the other hand, proteins related to nutrient synthesis and transport were relatively constant, indicating the importance of milk in providing a stable supply of nutrients to the neonate. In conclusion, the milk serum proteome was stable over mid lactation, but differed significantly between individuals, especially in immune-related proteins.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara B Mullaney ◽  
Heather Bayko ◽  
Gerald D Moore ◽  
Hannah E Funke ◽  
Matthew J Enroth ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Introduction U.S. Army Veterinary Corps provides highly skilled and adaptive veterinary professionals to protect and improve the health of people and animals while enhancing readiness throughout the DOD. Army veterinarians must be trained and credentialed for critical tasks within the animal health and food protection missions across all components. The Veterinary Metrics Division in the U.S. Army Public Health Center’s Veterinary Services and Public Health Sanitation Directorate is responsible for tracking readiness metrics of Army veterinarians and maintains a robust online Readiness Metrics Platform. Readiness targets were developed based on trends in readiness platform data, input of senior veterinary subject matter experts, and feedback from the field. To date, no data have been published describing the cases presented to DOD-owned Veterinary Treatment Facilities (VTFs). Without capturing and codifying the types of cases that present to the VTF and comparing to cases typically encountered during deployments, it is difficult to determine whether the VTF serves as an adequate readiness platform. In this study, we compare a representative random sample of non-wellness VTF patient encounters in garrison to cases reported from two different combat zones to determine if the VTF is a suitable clinical readiness platform. Materials and Methods Multiple data sources, including pre-existing published data and new data extracted from multiple sources, were used. The Iraq 2009-2010 dataset includes data collected from a Medical Detachment, Veterinary Service Support (MDVSS) deployed to Iraq from January 5, 2009 through August 23, 2010. The Iraq 2003-2007 dataset originated from a retrospective cross-sectional survey that included database and medical record abstraction. The Afghanistan 2014-2015 dataset includes data collected from the MDVSS deployed to Afghanistan from June 2014 to March 2015. Working dog veterinary encounter data were manually extracted from monthly and daily clinical reports. Data for the Garrison 2016-2018 dataset were extracted from the Remote Online Veterinary Record. A random representative sample of government-owned animal (GOA) and privately owned animal (POA) encounters seen across all DOD-owned VTFs from June 2016 to May 2018 were selected. Results We found that animals present to the VTF for a wide variety of illnesses. Overall, the top 10 encounter categories (90.3%) align with 84.2%, 92.4%, and 85.9% of all the encounter types seen in the three combat zone datasets. Comparing these datasets identifies potential gaps in readiness training relying solely on the VTF, especially in the areas of traumatic and combat-related injuries. Conclusions Ultimately, the success of the DOD Veterinary Services Animal Health mission depends on both the competence and confidence of the individual Army veterinarian. As the MHS transitions and DOD Veterinary Services continues to transform emphasizing readiness through a public health and prevention-based Army medicine approach, Army veterinarians must strike a delicate balance to continue to provide comprehensive health care to GOAs and POAs in the VTFs. Leaders at all levels must recognize the roles VTFs play in overall public health readiness and disease prevention through the proper appropriation and allocation of resources while fostering the development, confidence, and competence of Army veterinarians training within these readiness platforms.


2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-506
Author(s):  
S Kimm ◽  
SL Rauterberg ◽  
J Bill ◽  
J Stracke ◽  
N Kemper ◽  
...  

In this case study, a housing system for rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) was developed, complying with the new German Welfare Regulation, and evaluated on-farm with regard to the rabbits' behaviour during four fattening periods. The housing system was characterised by the large group size of fatteners (maximum 65 animals per group, 12 animals per m²) due to the merging of six former single units for does and their litters, post-weaning. A large elevated platform, a box with a roof (small elevated platform), a tube and gnawing materials were made available per unit. The aim being to assess the suitability of the housing system for rabbits with regard to animal welfare, based on behavioural analyses. Therefore, the use of space by the rabbits (n = 247) was investigated by video analysis (instantaneous scan sampling) during daytime. Additionally, the individual behaviour of 20 focal rabbits in different locations was assessed by continuous sampling. Results showed that rabbits preferred to huddle together in the outer units in the first weeks post-weaning. The highest animal densities were found under and in front of the large and on the small platforms. The large platforms were visited increasingly from the 10th fattening day onwards. Elevated platforms supported resting and comfort behaviours. Nonelevated open-top areas enabled upright positions and locomotor behaviours. Aggression and stereotypic behaviours rarely occurred. We conclude that the housing system supported species-specific behaviour and seemed to cater for the needs of rabbits in terms of welfare. Nevertheless, further investigation is needed to ascertain the effects on animal health and performance.


2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucile Tercinier ◽  
Aiqian Ye ◽  
Anne Singh ◽  
Skelte G. Anema ◽  
Harjinder Singh

2015 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 784-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Dube ◽  
M.S. Sibula ◽  
Z. Dhlamini

AbstractParamphistomes are parasites of domestic and wild ruminants, the effects of which in animal health remain underestimated. Very few studies in Africa have been done using molecular techniques to resolve situations associated with taxonomical groupings and epidemiology of these parasites. In this study, the genetic variability of nine representative paramphistome isolates collected from southern African countries, namely Botswana, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe, was assessed using both morphological and internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) rDNA sequence data. Morphological characterization and identification were carried out using median sagittal sections of the paramphistomes. DNA of the individual paramphistomes was isolated, the ITS2 rDNA was amplified, purified and sequenced. The sequences were submitted to GenBank, which assigned them the following accession numbers: KP639631, KP639630, KP639632, KP639633, KP639634, KP639635, KP639636, KP639637 and KP639638. These sequences were used for phylogenetic analysis using MEGA 6. Morphological characterization revealed three species of paramphistomes belonging to three different sub-families: one Stephanopharynx compactus isolate, a member of the Stephanopharyngidae sub-family; one Carmyerius dollfusi isolate, a member of the Gastrothylacidae sub-family; and seven Calicophoron microbothrium isolates belonging to the Paramphistomidae sub-family. ITS2 sequence analysis using BlastN results indicated that this is the first report of S. compactus (KP639630) and C. dollfusi (KP639636). Phylogenetic reconstruction of the paramphistome isolates revealed three separate clades representing the three species. However, the clade with all the C. microbothrium isolates was the only one that was supported by a higher bootstrap value of 92%, although there was no differentiation of the isolates according to geographical locations. The low divergence values on the ITS2 sequences of the C. microbothrium isolates indicate that ITS rDNA sequences can be used as a molecular tool to infer knowledge for resolving taxonomic groupings.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Felix Maurer ◽  
Martin Geiger ◽  
Thomas Volk ◽  
Daniel I. Sessler ◽  
Sascha Kreuer ◽  
...  

The anesthetic propofol and other exhaled organic compounds can be sampled in Tenax sorbent tubes and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the stability of propofol in Tenax sorbent tubes during overseas shipping. This is relevant for international pharmacokinetic studies on propofol in exhaled air. Tenax sorbent tube propofol samples with concentrations between 10 and 100 ng were prepared by liquid injection and with a calibration gas generator. For each preparation method, one reference set was analyzed immediately after preparation, a second set was stored at room temperature, and a third one was stored refrigerated. The fourth set was sent from Germany by airmail to USA and back. The shipped set of tubes was analyzed when it returned after 55 days elapsed. Then, the room temperature samples and the refrigerated stored samples were also analyzed. To evaluate the stability of propofol in the stored and shipped tubes, we calculated the recovery rates of each sample set. The mean recovery in the stored samples was 101.2% for the liquid preparation and 134.6% for the gaseous preparation at 4°C. At 22°C, the recovery was 96.1% for liquid preparation and 92.1% for gaseous preparation, whereas the shipped samples had a recovery of 85.3% and 111.3%. Thus, the deviation of the shipped samples is within a range of 15%, which is analytically acceptable. However, the individual values show significantly larger deviations of up to -32.1% (liquid) and 30.9% (gaseous). We conclude that storage of propofol on Tenax tubes at room temperature for 55 days is possible to obtain acceptable results. However, it appears that due to severe temperature and pressure variations air shipment of propofol samples in Tenax tubes without cooling shows severe deviations from the initial concentration. Although it was not tested in this study, we assume that refrigerated transport might be necessary to obtain comparable results as in the stored samples.


2020 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 102544
Author(s):  
Yaowei Liu ◽  
Ling Xiong ◽  
Eva Kontopodi ◽  
Sjef Boeren ◽  
Lina Zhang ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-363
Author(s):  
Dominika Boguszewska-Mańkowska ◽  
Marta Gietler ◽  
Małgorzata Nykiel

Abstract A comparative analysis of drought and high temperature responsive proteins, which means to provide insight into the molecular mechanism of potato stress tolerance. In the presented study, two potato cultivars, differing in dehydration tolerance, were compared. An analysis of their morphological, physiological and root proteome related traits proved that, although water shortage, as well as high temperatures cause the dehydration of plants, the response to those stresses at the proteome level was significantly different. LC–MS/MS protein identification showed that in roots of the sensitive cultivar, in response to drought, most changes concern increased abundance of defence- and detoxification-related proteins, while in tolerant plants, significant changes in abundance of energy and carbohydrate metabolism related proteins were observed (data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD020259). Moreover, in response to high temperatures, in the sensitive cultivar, decreased abundance of proteins involved in cell energetic metabolism was detected, while in the tolerant cultivar, the majority of proteins from this group was abundant. It can be suggested that such comparative proteome analysis indicates the fine tuning metabolism as a major factor of stress tolerance of potato plants.


Author(s):  
J.M. Moorby ◽  
R.J. Dewhurst ◽  
S. Marsden

The inclusion of supplementary fat in the dairy cow diet is an effective and cheap method of increasing its metabolisable energy (ME) density. However, an increase in the fat content of the diet frequently causes a decrease in the protein concentration of milk, which, when the market requires an increase in the protein:fat ratio of milk, is not a desireable effect. This experiment was designed to compare die effect of dietary fat on die yield and concentrations of milk proteins in comparison to a carbohydrate ME source.Twelve multiparous mid-lactation Holstein-Friesian cows were used in a 3x3 Latin square changeover experiment with 3 four-week periods. Cows were allocated to squares on the basis of their mean milk yield over the 7 days prior to the experiment. Within squares, treatments were randomly allocated to each cow. The first 21 days of each experimental period were used for adjustment, and the last 7 for sample collection.


2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1593-1605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle M Judge ◽  
Thierry Pabiou ◽  
Stephen Conroy ◽  
Rory Fanning ◽  
Martin Kinsella ◽  
...  

Abstract Input parameters for decision support tools are comprised of, amongst others, knowledge of the associated factors and the extent of those associations with the animal-level feature of interest. The objective of the present study was to quantify the association between animal-level factors with primal cut yields in cattle and to understand the extent of the variability in primal cut yields independent carcass weight. The data used consisted of the weight of 14 primal carcass cuts (as well as carcass weight, conformation, and fat score) on up to 54,250 young cattle slaughtered between the years 2013 and 2017. Linear mixed models, with contemporary group of herd-sex-season of slaughter as a random effect, were used to quantify the associations between a range of model fixed effects with each primal cut separately. Fixed effects in the model were dam parity, heterosis coefficient, recombination loss, a covariate per breed representing the proportion of Angus, Belgian Blue, Charolais, Jersey, Hereford, Limousin, Simmental, and Holstein–Friesian and a three-way interaction between whether the animal was born in a dairy or beef herd, sex, and age at slaughter, with or without carcass weight as a covariate in the mixed model. The raw correlations among all cuts were all positive varying from 0.33 (between the bavette and the striploin) to 0.93 (between the topside and knuckle). The partial correlation among cuts, following adjustment for differences in carcass weight, varied from −0.36 to 0.74. Age at slaughter, sex, dam parity, and breed were all associated (P &lt; 0.05) with the primal cut weight. Knowledge of the relationship between the individual primal cuts, and the solutions from the models developed in the study, could prove useful inputs for decision support systems to increase performance.


2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Lu ◽  
Toon van Hooijdonk ◽  
Sjef Boeren ◽  
Jacques Vervoort ◽  
Kasper Hettinga

Lactation physiology is a process that is only partly understood. Proteomics techniques have shown to be useful to help advance the knowledge on lactation physiology in human and rodent species but have not been used as major tools for dairy cows, except for mastitis. In this paper, advanced non-targeted proteomics techniques (Filter aided sample preparation and NanoLC-Orbitrap-MS/MS) were applied to study the milk fat globule membrane and milk serum fraction, resulting in the identification of 246 proteins. Of these, 23 transporters and enzymes were related to lipid synthesis and secretion in mammary gland and their functions are discussed in detail. The identification of these intracellular transporters and enzymes in milk provides a possibility of using milk itself to study lipid synthesis and secretion pathways. This full-scale scan of milk proteins by using non-targeted proteomic analysis helps to reveal the important proteins involved in lipid synthesis and secretion for further examination in targeted studies.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document