Is the FINDRISC Tool Useful in Screening Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome in an African Setting? Experience among Young Adults in Urban Tanzania

Background: Simple and less costly screening tools are needed to combat the rising non-communicable diseases epidemic. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of The Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) as a screening tool for prediabetes, T2D, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a population of young adults in urban Mwanza, Tanzania. Methods: A cross-sectional community-based study was conducted among participants aged 18–35 years. The FINDRISC questionnaire was used to collect data and compute the FINDRISC scores for each participant. Socio-demographic, anthropometric, blood glucose, and lipid profiles data were collected accordingly. Results: A total of 259 participants were recruited into the study. The median age was 21 years (IQR 19–27), and more than half 60.2% (156) were females. In total, 32.8% (85) of the participants had at least a slightly elevated risk of developing T2D in 10 years’ time. Compared to the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT), FINDRISC had a sensitivity and specificity of 39.1% and 69.2%, respectively (aROC = 0.5). The FINDRISC score significantly correlated with MetS (p = 0.001). Conclusion: In this study, FINDRISC has shown low sensitivity and specificity in the screening of pre-diabetes/T2D. However, it has potential utility in the screening of MetS in a young-adult population.

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An Online Study of Suicidality and its Determinants among Nigerian Young Adults Resident in China During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Research Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.4314/rejhs.v8i4.5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 261-267

Author(s):

T. Opakunle ◽

O. Aloba ◽

M. Adebisi

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Young Adults ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Suicide Attempt ◽

Adult Population ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Online Study ◽

Mental Health Interventions ◽

Young Adult Population

Objective: The outbreak of coronavirus pandemic has affected millions of people globally. This has subsequently triggered diverse mental health challenges. This study examined the prevalence as well as the determinants of suicidality among Nigerian young adults resident in China.Method: This is an online-based cross-sectional survey involving 364 Nigerian young adults in China. Sociodemographic and suicidality related variables were collected. The respondents also completed the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire and the 5-item Brief Symptom Rating Scales.Results: The prevalence rates of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt as a result of the pandemic were 8.2% and 2.5% respectively. A total of 188(51.6%) respondents had anxiety. Suicidality was associated with anxiety and psychological distress.Conclusion: Suicidality is relatively common among the Nigerian young adult population in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mental health interventions in terms of screening for suicidality and its determinants may need to be developed for Nigerian young adults in China during this pandemic. Keywords: Suicidality, Suicidal ideation, Suicide attempt, Covid-19 pandemic, Nigerian adults

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Metabolic Disorders in HIV-Infected Adolescents Receiving Protease Inhibitors

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2017/7481597 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jeerunda Santiprabhob ◽

Surapong Tanchaweng ◽

Sirinoot Maturapat ◽

Alan Maleesatharn ◽

Watcharee Lermankul ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Metabolic Disorders ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Abnormal Glucose Metabolism ◽

Asian Adolescents ◽

Abnormal Lipid Metabolism

Protease inhibitor (PI) may cause abnormal glucose metabolism, abnormal lipid metabolism, and metabolic syndrome in HIV-infected adults but less well studied in Asian adolescents. This cross-sectional study evaluated anthropometric factors, oral glucose tolerance test, and lipid profiles of perinatally HIV-infected Thai adolescents who had received PI-based antiretroviral therapy for at least 6 months. Eighty adolescents were enrolled [median (IQR) age 16.7 (14.6–18.0) years, 42 males]. Metabolic syndrome, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were found in 8 (10%), 17 (22.1%), and 3 (3.8%) adolescents, respectively. Dyslipidemia was found in 56 (70%) adolescents, with hypertriglyceridemia being the most common type. In multivariate analysis, presence of lipohypertrophy (OR: 25.7, 95% CI: 3.2–202.8;p=0.002) and longer duration of PI use (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.00–1.08;p=0.023) were associated with metabolic syndrome. Obesity (OR: 7.71, 95% CI: 1.36–43.7;p=0.021), presence of lipohypertrophy (OR: 62.9, 95% CI: 4.97–795.6;p=0.001), and exposure to stavudine for ≥6 months (OR: 8.18, 95% CI: 1.37–48.7;p=0.021) were associated with prediabetes/T2DM, while exposure to tenofovir for ≥6 months reduced the risk (OR: 0.17, 95% CI: 0.04–0.78;p=0.022). Metabolic disorders were commonly found in adolescents receiving PI. Careful monitoring and early intervention to modify cardiovascular risk should be systematically implemented in this population particularly those with exposure to stavudine.

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PREVALENCE OF ELEVATED RESTING HEART RATE AMONG YOUNG ADULTS

Pakistan Journal of Rehabilitation ◽

10.36283/pjr.zu.9.2/012 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 60-65

Author(s):

Atta Muhammad

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Young Adults ◽

Adult Population ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Resting Heart Rate ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Young Adult Population ◽

Important Correlation ◽

Near Future

OBJECTIVE To investigate the frequency of elevated resting heart rate among young adult population of ZCRS. METHODOLOGY This cross sectional study was conducted at a private sector University with 363 participants, within age group of 18-30, under consideration. The participants underwent an assessment of heart rate at rest with pulse oximeter, height and weight by stadiometer. IBM SPSS version 20 with a Confidence interval of 95% was used for the statistical analysis. The association of elevated Resting Heart Rate and Body Mass Index was assessed. In addition to this gender association elevated were also evaluated. RESULT The incidence of Elevated RHR with a mean of 95.30 ± 3.25 was found to be 27.04 percent. Also, 22.44 percent of participants had their heart rate with a mean heart rate of 108.40 ± 6.69 in the tachycardia category, which showed the increased risk of CVD events in the near future. In BMI’s view, there was no important correlation found between RHR and BMI jointly and in individual classifications (P>0.05). CONCLUSION The results revealed that resting heart rate was elevated among half of the population that may be a risk factor for cardiovascular events in future. KEYWORDS Heart rate, elevated resting heart rate, RHR, Cardiovascular Disease, Young Adults, risk factors modification

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Macular Carotenoids and Cognitive Function in a Young Adult Population (FS05-07-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz052.fs05-07-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Christina Ramirez ◽

Katherine Lightfield ◽

Krystle Zuniga

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Young Adult ◽

Vegetable Intake ◽

Adult Population ◽

Fruit And Vegetable ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Age Related ◽

Young Adult Population

Abstract Objectives Improving cognitive health in young adulthood may improve academic and career success and prevent early age-related cognitive decline. A growing body of evidence suggests that the dietary carotenoid lutein may promote cognitive function; however, these studies have primarily been conducted in Non-Hispanic White populations. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between macular pigment optical density (MPOD), a biomarker of lutein status, and cognitive function in a diverse, young adult population. Further, we examined the association between fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake and MPOD scores. Methods In this cross-sectional study, seventy young adults (Mean = 20.2, SD = 2.3 years of age), were recruited from a university in Central Texas. Daily F&V intake were assessed by the NCI fruit and vegetable intake screener. MPOD was measured with heterochromatic flicker photometry. Cognitive performance was assessed with the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery, and fully corrected T-scores that correct for age, gender, race/ethnicity, and education were used for analyses. Participants were split into Low and High MPOD groups based on the MPOD median of the sample. The association between F&V intake and MPOD was assessed by multiple linear regression, including body fat percentage as a covariate. F&V intake as a function of MPOD group was analyzed by ANOVA, and cognitive scores were compared using ANCOVA with BMI as a covariate. Results The sample was primarily female (68.5%) and Caucasian (72.7%), and 40% of the population was Hispanic. The MPOD mean (Mean = 0.39, SD = 0.17) of the sample was above the reported national average of 0.33. Participants consumed approximately 1 cup of fruits and 1 cup of vegetables a day. F&V intake was not correlated with MPOD scores (R2 = −0.03, P = 0.81), and F&V intake did not significantly differ between High and Low MPOD groups. Episodic memory performance was significantly higher in the high MPOD group compared to those with low MPOD (P = 0.041). No other differences were found between the MPOD groups for the other fluid cognitive tests. Conclusions MPOD was not a biomarker for F&V intake which may be due to the overall low intakes of these lutein-containing foods in the young adult sample. Lutein's cognitive benefits in young adults may be domain specific. Funding Sources none.

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Correlation of Glycemic Control Parameters in Non-Diabetic Persons with Cardiovascular Risk Scores - Results from a Cross- Sectional Study

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.17.1.5399 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

pp. 108-110

Author(s):

Gina Botnariu ◽

Norina Forna ◽

Alina Popa ◽

Raluca Popescu ◽

Alina Onofriescu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Risk Scores ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

University Of Edinburgh ◽

Fasting Glycaemia ◽

The University

To assess the correlation between main parameters of glycemic control and cardiovascular risk scores in non-diabetic persons. Risk scores were calculated by using the University of Edinburgh Risk Calculator. Risk scores are used to estimate the probability of cardiovascular disease in individuals who have not already developed major atherosclerotic disease. We correlated the results of these scores with the parameters that describes the glycaemic profile: preprandial glicaemia, HbA1c and 1 hour and 2 h post-prandial glycaemia, determined during Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT).Both fasting glycaemia and HbA1c significantly correlated with cardiovascular risk scores calculated for a period of 10 years. The recorded post-prandial glycaemic values at 1h and 2h after glucose loading didn�t significantly correlate with calculated scores, in the study group. The observed correlations underline the importance of glycaemia in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases.

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MicroRNAs-1299, -126-3p and -30e-3p as Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers for Prediabetes

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11060949 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 949

Author(s):

Cecil J. Weale ◽

Don M. Matshazi ◽

Saarah F. G. Davids ◽

Shanel Raghubeer ◽

Rajiv T. Erasmus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽

Operating Characteristic ◽

Characteristic Curve ◽

Predictive Ability ◽

Roc Curves ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Receiver Operating

This cross-sectional study investigated the association of miR-1299, -126-3p and -30e-3p with and their diagnostic capability for dysglycaemia in 1273 (men, n = 345) South Africans, aged >20 years. Glycaemic status was assessed by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Whole blood microRNA (miRNA) expressions were assessed using TaqMan-based reverse transcription quantitative-PCR (RT-qPCR). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves assessed the ability of each miRNA to discriminate dysglycaemia, while multivariable logistic regression analyses linked expression with dysglycaemia. In all, 207 (16.2%) and 94 (7.4%) participants had prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), respectively. All three miRNAs were significantly highly expressed in individuals with prediabetes compared to normotolerant patients, p < 0.001. miR-30e-3p and miR-126-3p were also significantly more expressed in T2DM versus normotolerant patients, p < 0.001. In multivariable logistic regressions, the three miRNAs were consistently and continuously associated with prediabetes, while only miR-126-3p was associated with T2DM. The ROC analysis indicated all three miRNAs had a significant overall predictive ability to diagnose prediabetes, diabetes and the combination of both (dysglycaemia), with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) being significantly higher for miR-126-3p in prediabetes. For prediabetes diagnosis, miR-126-3p (AUC = 0.760) outperformed HbA1c (AUC = 0.695), p = 0.042. These results suggest that miR-1299, -126-3p and -30e-3p are associated with prediabetes, and measuring miR-126-3p could potentially contribute to diabetes risk screening strategies.

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Young adults’ coping strategies against loneliness during the COVID-19-related quarantine in Greece

Health Promotion International ◽

10.1093/heapro/daab053 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Adrianos Golemis ◽

Panteleimon Voitsidis ◽

Eleni Parlapani ◽

Vasiliki A Nikopoulou ◽

Virginia Tsipropoulou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Young Adults ◽

Social Responsibility ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Online Survey ◽

Adult Population ◽

Psychological Impact ◽

Well Being ◽

Daily Routine ◽

Cross Sectional

Summary COVID-19 and the related quarantine disrupted young adults’ academic and professional life, daily routine and socio-emotional well-being. This cross-sectional study focused on the emotional and behavioural responses of a young adult population during the COVID-19-related quarantine in April 2020, in Greece. The study was conducted through an online survey. A total of 1559 young adults, aged 18−30 years, completed Steele’s Social Responsibility Motivation Scale and the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale, and answered questions about compliance with instructions, quarantine-related behaviours and coping strategies. According to the results, participants displayed a relatively high sense of social responsibility (M = 16.09, SD = 2.13) and a trend towards moderate feeling of loneliness (M = 2.65, SD = 1.62); young women reported significantly higher levels of loneliness than men. The majority complied with instructions often (46.4%) or always (44.8%). Significantly more women created a new social media account and used the social media longer than 5 h/day, compared with men. Resorting to religion, practicing sports and sharing thoughts and feelings about COVID-19 with others predicted higher levels of social responsibility; humour, practicing sports and sharing thoughts and feelings about COVID-19 with others predicted lower levels of loneliness. Conclusively, COVID-19 is expected to have a significant psychological impact on young adults. Currently, Greece is going through the second quarantine period. This study raises awareness about loneliness in young adults during the COVID-19-related quarantine and highlights the importance of developing online programmes, attractive to younger people, to nurture adaptive coping strategies against loneliness.

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Incidence of diabetes mellitus and associated risk factors in the adult population of the Basque country, Spain

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-82548-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Inés Urrutia ◽

◽

Alicia Martín-Nieto ◽

Rosa Martínez ◽

J Oriol Casanovas-Marsal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Family History ◽

Basque Country ◽

Adult Population ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Family History Of Diabetes ◽

History Of ◽

Incident Cases

AbstractThe aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of diabetes mellitus in the Basque Country and the risk factors involved in the disease by reassessing an adult population after 7 years of follow-up. In the previous prevalence study, 847 people older than 18 years were randomly selected from all over the Basque Country and were invited to answer a medical questionnaire, followed by a physical examination and an oral glucose tolerance test. In the reassessment, the same variables were collected and the resulting cohort comprised 517 individuals of whom 43 had diabetes at baseline. The cumulative incidence of diabetes was 4.64% in 7 years and the raw incidence rate was 6.56 cases/1000 person-years (95%CI: 4.11–9.93). Among the incident cases, 59% were undiagnosed. The most strongly associated markers by univariate analyses were age > 60 years, dyslipidaemia, prediabetes and insulin resistance. We also found association with hypertension, obesity, family history of diabetes and low education level. Multivariate analysis adjusted for age and sex showed that a set of risk factors assessed together (dyslipidaemia, waist-to-hip-ratio and family history of diabetes) had great predictive value (AUC-ROC = 0.899, 95%CI: 0.846–0.953, p = 0.942), which suggests the need for early intervention before the onset of prediabetes.

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