scholarly journals Vertical Artifacts in Lung Ultrasonography: Some Common Clinician Questions and the Related Engineer Answers

Diagnostics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Marcello Demi ◽  
Natalia Buda ◽  
Gino Soldati
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Lung Ultrasonography ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Questions And Answers ◽  
Length Width ◽  
The Common ◽  
B Lines

Introduction: Vertical artifacts, including B lines, are frequently seen in a variety of lung diseases. Their sonomorphology varies in length, width, shape, and internal reverberations. The reason for this diversity is still unknown and is the cause of discussion between clinicians and ultrasound physics engineers. Aim: The aim of this work is to sum up the most common clinician observations and provide an explanation to each of them derived from ultrasound physics. Materials and Methods: Based on clinical and engineering experiences as well as data collected from relevant literature, the sonomorphology of vertical artifacts was analyzed. Thirteen questions and answers were prepared on the common sonomorphology of vertical artifacts, current nomenclature, and clinical observations. Conclusions: From a clinical standpoint, the analysis of vertical artifacts is very important and requires that further clinical studies be conducted in cooperation with engineers who specialize in physics.

scholarly journals Cell therapy for lung disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (144) ◽  
pp. 170044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Geiger ◽  
Daniela Hirsch ◽  
Felix G. Hermann
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Promising Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Besides cancer and cardiovascular diseases, lung disorders are a leading cause of morbidity and death worldwide. For many disease conditions no effective and curative treatment options are available. Cell therapies offer a novel therapeutic approach due to their inherent anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are the most studied cell product. Numerous preclinical studies demonstrate an improvement of disease-associated parameters after MSC administration in several lung disorders, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute respiratory distress syndrome and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Furthermore, results from clinical studies using MSCs for the treatment of various lung diseases indicate that MSC treatment in these patients is safe. In this review we summarise the results of preclinical and clinical studies that indicate that MSCs are a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of lung diseases. Nevertheless, further investigations are required.

scholarly journals THE PROBLEM OF THE ASSOCIATION OF INFECTIOUS AND ONCOLOGICAL LUNG DISEASES IN HIV INFECTION: LITERATURE REVIEW AND CLINICAL CASE REPORT

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
Irina Yu. Babaeva ◽  
M. G Avdeeva ◽  
G. V Chumachenko ◽  
O. N Ponkina ◽  
S. A Pikalin
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Current State ◽  
Tissue Responses ◽  
Oncological Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Difficulties ◽  
The Comparative Study

We discuss the literature data on the current state of the problem of diagnostics of oncological diseases in HIV infection patients. Own clinical observations of diagnostic difficulties in lung cancer patient aged of 29 years, suffered also from combined TB and CMV infection in the course of the progression of HIV infection are given. The comparative study of tissue responses of internal organs and changes in immune status are discussed.

1. Exam Skills for Success in Criminal Law

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Mischa Allen
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Study Skills ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Mens Rea ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Actus Reus ◽  
Questions And Answers ◽  
The Common

The Concentrate Questions and Answers series offers the best preparation for tackling exam questions. Each book includes typical questions, diagram answer plans, suggested answers, author commentary, and advice on study skills. This introductory chapter provides an overview of the nature and complexities of the criminal law and the common features of all crimes such as actus reus, mens rea, and the defences. It outlines some techniques for achieving success in criminal law examinations. The chapter notes that to achieve success it is important to exercise good study skills from the outset and learn how to manage your time well. Relevance and structure are vital. Planning answers carefully, and providing critical analysis of the issues raised are essential.

scholarly journals Morphological aspects of fruits, seeds, and seedlings, and anatomy of seedlings of apuleia molaris spruce ex benth

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisson Rodrigo Souza Reis ◽  
Alessandra Doce Dias de Freitas ◽  
Noemi Vianna Martins Leão ◽  
Benedito Gomes dos Santos Filho
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Bundle ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Plant Anatomy ◽  
The State ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
Field Identification ◽  
Length Width ◽  
The Common

Abstract: Apuleia molaris spruce ex benth, commonly known in Brazil as "amarelão," is a fast-growing forest plant with a potential for use in reforestation; however, there is little information about the physiology and morphology of its fruits, seeds, and seedlings. Thus, the objective of this work was to describe the morphology of the fruits, seeds, and seedlings, in addition to the anatomic patterns of seedlings, as a contribution to the technical-scientific knowledge and production of amazonian species for reforestation in the state of Pará. For this purpose, the morphological descriptions followed the parameters from specialized literature and the common techniques used in plant anatomy. The species presents leguminous fruit; seeds with pleurogram, average dimensions of 51.21, 21.33, and 2.09 mm length, width, and thickness, respectively; and seedlings with eophyll and pinnate metaphylls, cordiform, phanerocotylar germination, epigaeous, and foliaceous. Eophylls and metaphylls present uniseriate epidermis, collateral and dorsiventral vascular bundle. The morphological characteristics may help in field identification and in the identification of young plants, aiding the production of seedlings of this species. Furthermore, anatomically, the hypocotyl has no striking differences from the root.

scholarly journals Migratory Fish Bone in the Thyroid Gland: Case Report and Literature Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
EnHao Wu ◽  
Lei Huang ◽  
Ya Zhou ◽  
Xun Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Fish Bone ◽  
Migratory Fish ◽  
Emergency Case ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Fish Bones ◽  
The Common

Introduction. Foreign body stuck in the throat is a common emergency case, which can be removed by the endoscopic treatment. Fish bones are one of the common observed foreign bodies in the pharynx or cervical esophagus. Fish bones have a risk of damaging the mucosa when lodged in the upper digestive tract. Foreign bodies of fish bones located outside the laryngopharyngeal tissue are relatively unusual, and it is even more rare that they remain in the thyroid. It may cause local infection, abscess formation, large blood vessels rupture, and other serious life-threatening complications when the position of the fish bone migrates to the neck. We present a unique case of a 31-year-old woman in whom a fish bone was found in the thyroid. The fish bone had been removed successfully two months after the onset of symptoms. The relevant literature is reviewed and summarized.Case Presentation. A foreign body which is located in the neck area by swallowing is usually found in the emergency case. One of the commonest foreign bodies is the fish bone. The common presenting symptoms include foreign body (FB) sensation and or a sharp pain during swallowing. But we report a rare case in which a migratory fish bone stuck in the thyroid gland was found after 3 months. We retrieved previous literature and made a summary.Conclusions. Fish bones are not easy to be found as a foreign body. Surgeons should be aware that fish bones can become lodged in the thyroid gland. Combined with the history should be a wary fish bone to migrate to the case of the thyroid, to avoid misdiagnosis. To confirm the diagnosis, we can take ultrasound, computerized tomographic scanning (CT), and other tests.

How does zinc modify the common cold? Clinical observations and implications regarding mechanisms of action

1996 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.G. Novick ◽  
J.C. Godfrey ◽  
N.J. Godfrey ◽  
H.R. Wilder
Keyword(s):  
Common Cold ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
The Common

Erynia pieris (Zygomycetes: Entomophthoraceae), a new pathogen of Pieris rapae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae): description, host range, and notes on Erynia virescens

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zengzhi Li ◽  
Richard A. Humber
Keyword(s):  
Heliothis Virescens ◽  
Trichoplusia Ni ◽  
Pieris Rapae ◽  
Heliothis Zea ◽  
Potato Leafhopper ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Spodoptera Eridania ◽  
Length Width ◽  
The Common

Erynia pieris Li & Humber (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae) is described for a fungus originally isolated from Pieris rapae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). The fungus grows and sporulates well on standard mycological media. Primary conidia are ovoid to obovoid, 21–33 × 11–24 μm (averaging 26 × 16 μm, with a length/width ratio of 1.60), uninucleate, bitunicate, and forcibly discharged from bifurcate or irregularly branched conidiophores. Secondary through quaternary conidia are more nearly globose than primary conidia. Nuclei contain prominent, readily stained chromosomal granulations. Cystidia emerge from the host body before the conidiophores, are only slightly thicker than conidiophores at the base, and taper to a blunt apex. Rhizoids are monohyphal on lepidopterans, are little thicker than vegetative hyphae, and have no discoid terminal holdfast; rhizoidal morphology varies considerably between lepidopterous and nonlepidopterous hosts. No resting spores were observed. Laboratory studies demonstrated the pathogenicity of cultures of this fungus on several other lepidopterans (Estigmene acrea, Heliothis zea, Heliothis virescens, Trichoplusia ni, Spodoptera eridania). on the common housefly (Musca domestica), and on potato leafhopper (Etnpoasca fabae). Erynia virescens (Thax.) Remaudière & Hennebert is emended and compared with E. pieris; both species are assigned to Erynia subg. Furia (Batko) Li & Humber, comb. nov. Furia differs from other Erynia subgenera by the presence of cystidia as thick as conidiophores and of rhizoids no thicker than vegetative hyphae and having no differentiated terminal holdfasts, and by the absence of secondary capilliconidia.

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