scholarly journals A Preliminary Study on Dependence of Mercury Distribution on the Degree of Coalification in Ningwu Coalfield, Shanxi, China

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3119
Author(s):  
Yinjiao Su ◽  
Xuan Liu ◽  
Yang Teng ◽  
Kai Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Bituminous Coal ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Mercury Distribution ◽  
Sequential Chemical Extraction ◽  
Average Proportion ◽  
Total Proportion ◽  
The Relationship

Mercury (Hg) is a toxic trace element emitted from coal conversion and utilization. Samples with different coal ranks and gangue from Ningwu Coalfield are selected and investigated in this study. For understanding dependence of mercury distribution characteristics on coalification degree, Pearson regression analysis coupled with Spearman rank correlation is employed to explore the relationship between mercury and sulfur, mercury and ash in coal, and sequential chemical extraction method is adopted to recognize the Hg speciation in the samples of coal and gangue. The measured results show that Hg is positively related to total sulfur content in coal and the affinity of Hg to different sulfur forms varies with the coalification degree. Organic sulfur has the biggest impact on Hg in peat, which becomes weak with increasing the coalification degree from lignite to bituminous coal. Sulfate sulfur is only related to Hg in peat or lignite as little content in coal. However, the Pearson linear correlation coefficients of Hg and pyritic sulfur are relatively high with 0.479 for lignite, 0.709 for sub-bituminous coal and 0.887 for bituminous coal. Hg is also related to ash content in coal, whose Pearson linear correlation coefficients are 0.504, 0.774 and 0.827 respectively, in lignite, sub-bituminous coal and bituminous coal. Furthermore, Hg distribution is directly depended on own speciation in coal. The total proportion of F2 + F3 + F4 is increased from 41.5% in peat to 87.4% in bituminous coal, but the average proportion of F5 is decreased from 56.8% in peat to 12.4% in bituminous coal. The above findings imply that both Hg and sulfur enrich in coal largely due to the migration from organic state to inorganic state with the increase of coalification degree in Ningwu Coalfield.

scholarly journals Competitiveness of firms, performance and customer orientation measures – empirical survey results

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alena Klapalová
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Customer Orientation ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation ◽  
Empirical Survey ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this paper is to presents results from two empirical surveys concerning selected factors which can be connected to customer orientation, performance and competitiveness of firms. The purpose of the surveys was also to reveal potential differences between sectors arising from not only the different influences of internal but as well as external environment. A survey instrument was developed to analyse the relationship between several variables measuring customer orientation of surveyed firms and between these factors and level of financial performance. Several statistical methods were applied to analyse the data, specifically descriptive statistics (means and standard deviations), one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni post-hoc test using financial performance for clustering firms and for assessment of potential differences of customer orientation criteria evaluation and Spearman rank correlation coefficients to assess the linear bivariate relationship between customer orientation variables. The results of ANOVA show that only the innovativeness is distinctive distinguishing criteria in conformity with the indicators of financial prosperity and that there are some differences between companies from two groups of sectors within the managers’ perception of customer orientation criteria performance.

scholarly journals Chemometrics of Solvent Extraction of Mn(II) and Fe(III) Bis(salicylidene) Ethylenediamine Complexes in Acid Medium

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Nworie Felix Sunday
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Extraction Parameters ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Industrial Scale Production

In this study, the preparation and solvent extraction parameters of Mn(II) and Fe(III) -bis(salicylidene) ethylenediamine (H2SAL) was modeled with classical statistical analyses processed using SPSS19.0 software. The linear correlation coefficients for Mn(II) was between 59.5 to 1.0 % whereas for Fe(III), it was between 48-1.0%. The F-values, a measure of the significance of the models indicated that all the factors are needed though at differing degrees for the preparation and extraction of the metal complexes. The significance level for each model was lower than 5% and as such the relationship can be generalized to the whole process. The experiments indicated that the solvent extraction combined with modeling method was accurate, efficient, and reproducible and can be applied in industrial scale production. Doi: 10.28991/HEF-2020-01-02-03 Full Text: PDF

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SALINITY AND WENNER RESISTIVITY FOR SOME DRYLAND SOILS

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. L. READ ◽  
D. R. CAMERON
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Reasonable Approach ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Wenner Array

Soil paste electrical conductivity (EC) (mmhos/cm) measurements were correlated with Wenner array conductivities at eight sites. Linear correlation coefficients varied from 0.61 to 0.98. The addition of the independent variables, sand, clay, and water content, improved the relationship on four sites. The largest standard deviation from the regression relationships did not exceed ± 2.9 mmhos/cm (average soil EC near 7.0 mmhos/cm). For most sites soil salinity could be estimated within ± 2.0 mmhos/cm and at certain sites within ± 1.0 mmhos/cm. Although the correlations were not as high as those obtained by others, it was felt the Wenner array technique was still a reasonable approach for assessing and mapping salinity under a wide range of field conditions.

scholarly journals Correlations between microsatellite DNA heterozygosity and reproductive traits in Large White sows

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (95) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
A. S. Kramarenko ◽  
S. S. Kramarenko ◽  
S. I. Lugovoy ◽  
I. P. Atamanyuk
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Private Enterprise ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Large White ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The main aim of this paper was to determine whether heterozygosity (assessed using microsatellite genotypes) was correlated with the reproductive traits in sows. The study was conducted on two herds of sows of the Large White sows breed at the Limited Liability Company “Tavriys’ki svyni” (Kherson region, Ukraine) and the Agricultural Private Enterprise “Techmet-Yug” (Mykolayiv region, Ukraine). During the study, we used eleven microsatellite loci recommended by International Society for Animal Genetics (ISAG) – S0101, S0155, S0228, S0355, S0386, Sw24, Sw72, Sw240, Sw857, Sw936 and Sw951. The litter records included information on the total number of piglets born (TNB), number of piglets born alive (NBA), number of stillborn piglets (NSB), frequency of stillborn piglets (FSB), litter size at weaning (NW) in the first five parities. Individual heterozygosity estimates (for each microsatellite loci separately) and microsatellite multilocus heterozygosity (for all used loci) estimates (MLH) were used in our analysis. ANOVA was used to determine the relationship of the dependent effects (reproductive traits) to single locus heterozygosity using two classes: 0 (for homozygous individuals) and 1 (for heterozygous individuals). In addition, the following indicators were calculated for each genotype: the squared distances (d2) between alleles within an individual for each microsatellite loci and mean squared distances (mean d2) between alleles within an individual for 11 microsatellite loci. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients were used to measure the association between d2 (for each microsatellite loci) and reproductive traits in sows. ANOVA on reproductive traits of sows belonging to different MLH and mean d2 classes was also undertaken. For sows from the Agricultural Private Enterprise “‘Techmet-Yug” were observed negative associations between heterozygosity and reproductive traits. We conclude that care should be taken when crossing between different breeders (English and Hungarian selection) to avoid outbreeding depression.

scholarly journals The correlation between the distribution of tourism assets and the location of tourist accommodation in Łódź Province

Turyzm ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-84
Author(s):  
Sylwia Żakowska ◽  
Katarzyna Podhorodecka
Keyword(s):  
Final Stage ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman Rank ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Tourist Accommodation ◽  
The Relationship

This article presents the correlation between natural and non-natural tourism assets and the distribution of tourist accommodation in the 24 powiats (districts) of Łódź Province. The authors, having divided these assets into natural and non-natural, discusses their occurrence in individual powiats. Next, tourist accommodation in Łódź Province is described, along with a presentation of statistical data. An important part of the paper is the presentation of the research results obtained by means of the point bonitation method. At the final stage, Spearman rank correlation coefficients is calculated, showing the strength of the relationship between selected tourism assets and the distribution of tourist accommodation.

scholarly journals Sensory submodalities testing in neurolinguistic programming, part of mental training

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (14) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Vlad Teodor Grosu ◽  
Emilia Florina Grosu ◽  
Cornelia Popovici ◽  
Costinel Mihaiu
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Mental Training ◽  
Neurolinguistic Programming ◽  
Training Techniques ◽  
Test Application ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIntroduction:this study is part of a larger work, which involves increasing sporting performance by applying mental training techniques - special techniques of neurolinguistic programming. In this case we will discuss some aspects of the test application Jacobson S. (2011).Purpose of study and hypothesis:In neurolinguistic programming (NLP) we have studied the relationship between sensory submodalities, in accordance with the Jacobson test (2011). We wanted to check the degree of significance of the mean difference parameters studied and if the materiality result falls within the objective parameters. If ideomotor representations of athletes are completed with multiple sensations of all sensory submodalities such as visual, auditory, kinesthetic, olfactory and gustatory, the possibility of applying the techniques of NLP (neurolinguistic programming) will have more effective results.Methods and material:two records were made by using two tests, test1 and test2 on master students of the University “Babes-Bolyai” Cluj-Napoca, from FEFS from APS department (training and sports performance). The statistical indicators were calculated on elements of descriptive statistics and the data is presented using indicators of centrality, location and distribution. Statistical analysis of non-parametric Wilcoxon test was used for sample pairs (data uneven distribution/rank). Materiality tests used was α=0.05 (5%), α=0.01 (1%) or α=0.001.Results and deliberations:to detect the correlation between the two variables we used the Spearman rank correlation coefficient (ρ). Statistical analysis was performed using the correlation coefficients Colton’s rule. It was found that no statistically significant differences were observed (p>0.05) in the statistical analysis of sample pairs Jacobson test values (times T1-T2). This is a result of the short timeframe - just one month - for objectives reasons. However, many of them appear in a good and a very good correlation to both tests, between the values of the items studied.Conclusions and recommendations:we want to continue with this study because the time difference between T1 and T2 was very small and we want to extend this study to a minimum of three months. All sensory submodalities are particularly important in achievingideomotor representations underlying mental training.

scholarly journals Metalanguage and sensory sub-modalities in mental training techniques through neurolinguistic programming

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 482-491
Author(s):  
Vlad Teodor Grosu ◽  
Emilia Florina Grosu ◽  
Hanna Vari ◽  
Emil Ciufudean
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Mental Training ◽  
Neurolinguistic Programming ◽  
Training Techniques ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sporting Performance ◽  
Short Timeframe

Introduction and theme actuality: this study is part of a larger work, which involves increasing sporting performance by applying mental training techniques, special techniques of neurolinguistic programming (NLP). Purpose of study and hypothesis: if ideomotor representations of athletes are completed with multiple sensations of all sensory sub-modalities such as visual, auditory, kinaesthetic, olfactory and gustatory, the possibility of applying the techniques of NLP will have more effective results. We have studied the relationship between sensory sub-modalities, in accordance with the Bandler and Thomson (2012) and application of Jacobson (2011). Methods and material: two records were made by using two tests, test 1 and test 2, on master students of the ‘Babes-Bolyai’ University Cluj-Napoca, from the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport. The statistical indicators were calculated on elements of descriptive statistics and the data are presented using indicators of centrality, location and distribution. Statistical analysis of the non-parametric Wilcoxon test was used for sample pairs. Discussions and findings: to pinpoint the correlation between the two variables, we used the Spearman rank correlation coefficient (ρ). Statistical analysis was performed using the correlation coefficients of Colton’s rule. No statistically significant differences were found (p > 0.05) in the statistical analysis because of the short timeframe, but there are many good and very good correlations at both tests, between the values of the items studied. Conclusions and recommendations: we want to continue with this study because the time difference between T1 and T2 was 3 months and we want to extend this study to a minimum of 6 months. All sensory sub-modalities are particularly important in achieving ideomotor representations underlying mental training. Keywords: Idiomatic representation, neurolinguistic programming, sensations, sensitive sub-modality, mental training.

A comparison of simple single-item measures and the NCI Common Toxicity Criteria version 3.0 measure of peripheral neuropathy.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1557-1557
Author(s):  
Suneetha Puttabasavaiah ◽  
Heshan Liu ◽  
Rui Qin ◽  
Lisa A. Kottschade ◽  
Debra L. Barton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Brief Pain Inventory ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Patient Reported Outcome ◽  
Mcgill Pain Questionnaire ◽  
Treatment Trials ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
The Relationship

1557 Background: Peripheral neuropathy (PN), a common and intrusive side effect of chemotherapy in clinical trials, has been assessed via the clinician-rated common terminology criteria for adverse events (CTCAE) and/or patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures (Morton, ASCO, 2005). We assessed the relative sensitivity of CTCAE and PRO measures for evaluating interventions for preventing and ameliorating CIPN. Methods: Data from285 patients in two prevention trials (N05C3, N04C7) and 432 patients from three intervention trials (N00C3, N01C3, N06CA) were analyzed separately. CTCAE version 3.0 item for neuropathy was compared to 2 NCCTG numerical analogue CIPN items, 6 EORTC CIPN20 individual items, 2 McGill Pain Questionnaire items, and one Brief Pain Inventory item. The sample size provided over 80% power to detect a true Spearman rank correlation of 0.15 assessed the relationship between CTCAE and PRO measures. Results: Results from both the prevention and treatment trials were similar in terms of the relationship between the CTCAE and PRO measures. No correlation coefficients between the CTCAE and any of the PRO items at baseline were above 0.35, with the majority around 0.2. Higher scores for the numbness items were observed than for the CTCAE in 47% of the patients at baseline and 39% during treatment in the treatment trials. Many patients had severe numbness PRO scores but mild CTCAE scores (12%) at baseline and (8%) during treatment in the treatment trials. Results for the numbness and tingling PRO measures were redundant. The correlations of the CTCAE with pain were weak, all below 0.35 at baseline with differences as much as 29 points on average on a 0-100 transformed scale. Conclusions: The CTCAE and PRO measures of PN measure different constructs. The CTCAE includes both functional and ADL/motor aspects which may or may not be related to the singular constructs of pain, numbness, tingling, or adjectival characteristics of pain assessed by the PRO measures. The two measures cannot be used in place of each other.

scholarly journals The relationship between balance ability and walking ability using the Berg Balance Scale in people with transfemoral amputation

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Azuma ◽  
Takaaki Chin ◽  
Yasushi Miura
Keyword(s):  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Walking Ability ◽  
Transfemoral Amputation ◽  
Balance Scale ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Balance Ability ◽  
Partial Rank Correlation ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Few reports have examined the relationship between balance ability and walking ability in people with transfemoral amputation using the Berg Balance Scale. Objectives: To assess the construct validity (known groups discrimination, convergent validity, and floor/ceiling effects) of Berg Balance Scale for people with transfemoral amputation. Study design: Cross-sectional study Methods: Thirty people with transfemoral amputation participated (age: 54 ± 19 years; range: 18–78 years). Outcome measures (Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up & Go test, Six-Minute Walk Test, and use of ambulatory aids) were compared between the groups requiring and not requiring ambulatory aids by the Mann–Whitney U test, Student’s t-test or Welch’s t-test. Correlations were assessed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients and age-corrected Spearman’s partial rank correlation coefficients. Results: The group using ambulatory aids had a significantly lower Berg Balance Scale score (41 ± 5 vs 52 ± 3). Berg Balance Scale score was correlated with Timed Up & Go test, use of aids, and Six-Minute Walk Test using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients (r =−0.85, p < 0.0001; r =−0.82, p < 0.0001; r = 0.81, p < 0.0001) and age-corrected partial rank correlation coefficients (r =−0.66, p < 0.0001; r =−0.56, p = 0.0017; r = 0.57, p = 0.0012). No ceiling effect of Berg Balance Scale was observed. Conclusions: Balance ability in people with transfemoral amputation could be evaluated using Berg Balance Scale and is correlated with walking ability. Clinical relevance In clinical practice, using Berg Balance Scale for people with transfemoral amputation may adequately enable us to discriminate different groups based on walking ability from the perspective of balance ability. When walking ability is evaluated as low, the improvement of walking ability may be evaluated by Berg Balance Scale improvement during rehabilitation.

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