The Contribution of Bottom-up Energy Models to Support Policy Design of Electricity End-Use Efficiency for Residential Buildings and the Residential Sector: A Systematic Review

Bottom-up energy models are considered essential tools to support policy design of electricity end-use efficiency. However, in the literature, no study analyzes their contribution to support policy design of electricity end-use efficiency, the modeling techniques used to build them, and the policy instruments supported by them. This systematic review fills that gap by identifying the current capability of bottom-up energy models to support specific policy instruments. In the research, we review 192 publications from January 2015 to June 2020 to finally select 20 for further examination. The articles are analyzed quantitatively in terms of techniques, model characteristics, and applied policies. The findings of the study reveal that: (1) bottom-up energy models contribute to the support of policy design of electricity end-use efficiency with the application of specific best practices (2) bottom-up energy models do not provide a portfolio of analytical methods which constraint their capability to support policy design (3) bottom-up energy models for residential buildings have limited policy support and (4) bottom-up energy models’ design reveals a lack of inclusion of key energy efficiency metrics to support decision-making. This study’s findings can help researchers and energy modelers address these limitations and create new models following best practices.

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What Affects the Progress and Transformation of New Residential Building Energy Efficiency Promotion in China: Stakeholders’ Perceptions

Energies ◽

10.3390/en12061027 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 1027 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yinan Li ◽

Neng Zhu ◽

Beibei Qin

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Policy Design ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Policy Instruments ◽

Residential Building ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Building Energy Efficiency ◽

Governance Arrangement ◽

Market Needs ◽

Research Assumptions

Nationwide energy efficiency (EE) promotion of new residential buildings is affected by multiple factors regarding policies, markets, technologies, capacities, and economics. The perceived influences of these factors by stakeholders are crucial to the effectiveness evaluation of current policies and the selection of policy instruments. However, they are normally assumed or taken for granted. The knowledge gap between stakeholders’ perceptions and research assumptions may lead to researchers’ recognition bias. Correspondingly, this paper aims to identify the significant factors, perceived by frontline stakeholders, influencing nationwide EE promotion of new residential buildings before 2020 and 2030. Factors were collected through literature review and their influence were evaluated via Analytical Hierarchy Process based on the data collected in the questionnaires distributed to 32 institutes. The theory of Nested Policy Design Framework and Policy Environment was used to structure the hierarchy and generate policy implications. Results indicate that (1) policy factors are of the greatest influence before 2020 and market perfection factors will have great influences from 2020 to 2030, indicating the transformation of governance arrangement to “market-based” and “network-based” from the current legal-based system; and (2) factors regarding market needs are of significant influence in both terms, revealing the way the transformation should be accomplished.

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Life Cycle GHG Emissions of Residential Buildings in Humid Subtropical and Tropical Climates: Systematic Review and Analysis

Buildings ◽

10.3390/buildings11010006 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 6

Author(s):

Daniel Satola ◽

Martin Röck ◽

Aoife Houlihan-Wiberg ◽

Arild Gustavsen

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

Energy Performance ◽

Cycle Performance ◽

Tropical Climates ◽

Building Life Cycle ◽

Total Life

Improving the environmental life cycle performance of buildings by focusing on the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions along the building life cycle is considered a crucial step in achieving global climate targets. This paper provides a systematic review and analysis of 75 residential case studies in humid subtropical and tropical climates. The study investigates GHG emissions across the building life cycle, i.e., it analyses both embodied and operational GHG emissions. Furthermore, the influence of various parameters, such as building location, typology, construction materials and energy performance, as well as methodological aspects are investigated. Through comparative analysis, the study identifies promising design strategies for reducing life cycle-related GHG emissions of buildings operating in subtropical and tropical climate zones. The results show that life cycle GHG emissions in the analysed studies are mostly dominated by operational emissions and are the highest for energy-intensive multi-family buildings. Buildings following low or net-zero energy performance targets show potential reductions of 50–80% for total life cycle GHG emissions, compared to buildings with conventional energy performance. Implementation of on-site photovoltaic (PV) systems provides the highest reduction potential for both operational and total life cycle GHG emissions, with potential reductions of 92% to 100% and 48% to 66%, respectively. Strategies related to increased use of timber and other bio-based materials present the highest potential for reduction of embodied GHG emissions, with reductions of 9% to 73%.

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The Effectiveness of De-Escalation Techniques as Compared to Physical Restraint/Seclusion on Inpatient Psychiatric Units: A Quantitative Systematic Review

CNS Spectrums ◽

10.1017/s1092852920002874 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 175-176

Author(s):

Shavar Chase

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Best Practices ◽

Physical Restraint ◽

Psychological Injury ◽

Inherent Risk ◽

Physical Injuries ◽

Psychological Injuries ◽

Overwhelming Evidence ◽

Psychiatric Units ◽

Quantitative Systematic Review

AbstractBackgroundRestraint and seclusion were considered a form of treatment but consistently has led to physical and mental injuries to staff and patients. De-escalation has been viewed as a safer option. Understanding which intervention yields decreased injuries, aggression and violence will guide policy and inform practice.ObjectivesTo identify which intervention leads to decreased physical and psychological injury to patients and staff.MethodsThe frequency of physical injuries to patients and staff from aggressive patients; frequency of psychological injuries to patients and staff from violent, aggressive incidents; frequency of violence, agitation and aggression; competence of staff at managing aggression and violence were evaluated.ResultsFourteen studies were included in this review. There are many forms of de-escalation. Studies where techniques were taught to staff, the intervention was effective in decreasing injury in approximately half the studies. De-escalation techniques taught to patients decreased injury in 100% of the studies included in this review.ConclusionConsensus on which intervention works best could not be reached, nor is there overwhelming evidence for a particular type of de-escalation better suited for decreasing aggression and violence. Caution should be exercised when choosing a de-escalation technique for implementation in institutions due to lack of regulating agencies that inform practice and standards. In addition, the literature lacks best practices for de-escalation techniques backed by evidence. Restraint and seclusion should be used as a last resort due to inherent risk associated with the intervention.

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Handling uncertainty in bioenergy policy design – A case study analysis of UK and German bioelectricity policy instruments

Biomass and Bioenergy ◽

10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.03.029 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 79 ◽

pp. 64-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Alexandra Purkus ◽

Mirjam Röder ◽

Erik Gawel ◽

Daniela Thrän ◽

Patricia Thornley

Keyword(s):

Policy Design ◽

Policy Instruments ◽

Study Analysis ◽

Case Study Analysis

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National Informatization Policy in Korea: A Historical Reflection and Policy Implications

Korean Journal of Policy Studies ◽

10.52372/kjps36103 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 27-43

Author(s):

Lee Changhee

Keyword(s):

Policy Implementation ◽

Success Factors ◽

Policy Design ◽

Policy Instruments ◽

Implementation Process ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Digital Revolution ◽

The Past ◽

Historical Reflection ◽

Five Phases

This study examines, from a historical and macro perspective, the national informatization strategy that Korea has pursued over the past 40 years which laid the foundation for the rise of Korea as one of the leading countries in the digital revolution today. In particular, the informatization process is divided into five phases from the 1980s to the present, and analyzed in three aspects ? main policies and plans, policy implementation system and structure, and major laws. And based on the previous research results, the success factors of informatization in Korea are discussed in terms of policy actors and institutions, policy implementation process, and policy environment. After examining the limitations of Korea’s informatization policy, policy implications for developing countries are drawn in terms of policy process, policy design, and policy instruments.

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