scholarly journals Study on the Efficiency and Dynamic Characteristics of an Energy Harvester Based on Flexible Structure Galloping

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6548
Author(s):  
Peng Liao ◽  
Jiyang Fu ◽  
Wenyong Ma ◽  
Yuan Cai ◽  
Yuncheng He
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Physical Model ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Lateral Displacement ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Flexible Structure ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Cfd Numerical Simulation

According to the engineering phenomenon of the galloping of ice-coated transmission lines at certain wind speeds, this paper proposes a novel type of energy harvester based on the galloping of a flexible structure. It uses the tension generated by the galloping structure to cause periodic strain on the piezoelectric cantilever beam, which is highly efficient for converting wind energy into electricity. On this basis, a physical model of fluid–structure interaction is established, and the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equation and SST K -ω turbulent model based on ANSYS Fluent are used to carry out a two-dimensional steady computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation. First, the CFD technology under different grid densities and time steps is verified. CFD numerical simulation technology is used to simulate the physical model of the energy harvester, and the effect of wind speed on the lateral displacement and aerodynamic force of the flexible structure is analyzed. In addition, this paper also carries out a parameterized study on the influence of the harvester’s behavior, through the wind tunnel test, focusing on the voltage and electric power output efficiency. The harvester has a maximum output power of 119.7 μW/mm3 at the optimal resistance value of 200 KΩ at a wind speed of 10 m/s. The research results provide certain guidance for the design of a high-efficiency harvester with a square aerodynamic shape and a flexible bluff body.

scholarly journals Tandem Solar Cells Based on Cu2O and c-Si Subcells in Parallel Configuration: Numerical Simulation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihai Răzvan Mitroi ◽  
Valerică Ninulescu ◽  
Laurenţiu Fara
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Output Power ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Parallel Configuration

A tandem solar cell consisting of a bottom c-Si high-efficiency subcell and a top low-cost Cu2O subcell in parallel configuration is evaluated for the first time by a use of an electrical model. A numerical simulation based on the single-diode model of the solar cell is performed. The numerical method determines both the model parameters and the parameters of the subcells and tandem from the maximization of output power. The simulations indicate a theoretical limit value of the tandem power conversion efficiency of 31.23% at 298 K. The influence of temperature on the maximum output power is analyzed. This tandem configuration allows a great potential for the development of a new generation of low-cost high-efficiency solar cells.

Effects of Geometrical Parameters on Performances of Wind Energy Harvester with a Chamber

2013 ◽  
Vol 562-565 ◽  
pp. 1075-1079
Author(s):  
Xue Feng He ◽  
Yi Fu Fang ◽  
Zhi Gang Du
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Flexible Beam ◽  
Front Wall ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Critical Wind Speed

To improve the performances under low speed wind, a wind energy harvester similar to harmonicas was proposed. The harvester mainly includes a cuboid chamber and a cantilevered beam. The front wall of the chamber is opened as the air entrance and a rectangular hole is opened on the sidewall as the exit. The cantilever composed of a piezoelectric sheet and a flexible beam was fixed onto the sidewall of the chamber near the exit. Experimental results show that the width and height of the chamber significantly affect critical wind speed and output power, respectively. The initial attack angle of the cantilever has important influence on the critical wind speed. Blunt body at the air entrance could remarkably decrease the critical wind speed. For a prototype with a 60 mm×20 mm×13 mm chamber, the length of the cantilever of 30 mm and the length of the piezoelectric sheet of 8 mm, the measured maximum output power is 1.1 mW under 17 m/s wind.

scholarly journals Study of the Properties of a Hybrid Piezoelectric and Electromagnetic Energy Harvester for a Civil Engineering Low-Frequency Sloshing Environment

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 391
Author(s):  
Nan Wu ◽  
Yuncheng He ◽  
Jiyang Fu ◽  
Peng Liao
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Electromagnetic Energy ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Piezoelectric Film ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Level Height

In this paper a novel hybrid piezoelectric and electromagnetic energy harvester for civil engineering low-frequency sloshing environment is reported. The architecture, fabrication and characterization of the harvester are discussed. The hybrid energy harvester is composed of a permanent magnet, copper coil, and PVDF(polyvinylidene difluoride) piezoelectric film, and the upper U-tube device containing a cylindrical fluid barrier is connected to the foundation support plate by a hinge and spring. The two primary means of energy collection were through the vortex street, which alternately impacted the PVDF piezoelectric film through fluid shedding, and the electromotive force (EMF) induced by changes in the magnetic field position in the conducting coil. Experimentally, the maximum output power of the piezoelectric transformer of the hybrid energy harvester was 2.47 μW (circuit load 270 kΩ; liquid level height 80 mm); and the maximum output power of the electromagnetic generator was 2.72 μW (circuit load 470 kΩ; liquid level height 60 mm). The low-frequency sloshing energy collected by this energy harvester can drive microsensors for civil engineering monitoring.

Modelling of Mechanical Nonlinearity in an Electromagnetic Vibration Energy Harvester Using a Forced Duffing Equation

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Moss ◽  
L. A. Vandewater ◽  
S. C. Galea
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Duffing Oscillator ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvester ◽  
Homotopy Analysis ◽  
Wire Coil

This work reports on the modelling and experimental validation of a bi-axial vibration energy harvesting approach that uses a permanent-magnet/ball-bearing arrangement and a wire-coil transducer. The harvester’s behaviour is modelled using a forced Duffing oscillator, and the primary first order steady state resonant solutions are found using the homotopy analysis method (or HAM). Solutions found are shown to compare well with measured bearing displacements and harvested output power, and are used to predict the wideband frequency response of this type of vibration energy harvester. A prototype harvesting arrangement produced a maximum output power of 12.9 mW from a 12 Hz, 500 milli-g (or 4.9 m/s2) rms excitation.

scholarly journals FINITE ELEMENT SIMULATION OF MEMS PIEZOELECTRIC ENERGY SCAVENGER BASED ON PZT THIN FILM

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-99
Author(s):  
Aliza Aini Md Ralib ◽  
Nur Wafa Asyiqin Zulfakher ◽  
Rosminazuin Ab Rahim ◽  
Nor Farahidah Za'bah ◽  
Noor Hazrin Hany Mohamad Hanif
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
The World

Vibration energy harvesting has been progressively developed in the advancement of technology and widely used by a lot of researchers around the world. There is a very high demand for energy scavenging around the world due to it being cheaper in price, possibly miniaturized within a system, long lasting, and environmentally friendly. The conventional battery is hazardous to the environment and has a shorter operating lifespan. Therefore, ambient vibration energy serves as an alternative that can replace the battery because it can be integrated and compatible to micro-electromechanical systems. This paper presents the design and analysis of a MEMS piezoelectric energy harvester, which is a vibration energy harvesting type. The energy harvester was formed using Lead Zicronate Titanate (PZT-5A) as the piezoelectric thin film, silicon as the substrate layer and structural steel as the electrode layer. The resonance frequency will provide the maximum output power, maximum output voltage and maximum displacement of vibration. The operating mode also plays an important role to generate larger output voltage with less displacement of cantilever. Some designs also have been studied by varying height and length of piezoelectric materials. Hence, this project will demonstrate the simulation of a MEMS piezoelectric device for a low power electronic performance. Simulation results show PZT-5A piezoelectric energy with a length of 31 mm and height of 0.16 mm generates maximum output voltage of 7.435 V and maximum output power of 2.30 mW at the resonance frequency of 40 Hz. ABSTRAK: Penuaian tenaga getaran telah berkembang secara pesat dalam kemajuan teknologi dan telah digunakan secara meluas oleh ramai penyelidik di seluruh dunia. Terdapat permintaan yang sangat tinggi di seluruh dunia terhadap penuaian tenaga kerana harganya yang lebih murah, bersaiz kecil dalam satu sistem, tahan lama dan mesra alam. Manakala, bateri konvensional adalah berbahaya bagi alam sekitar dan mempunyai jangka hayat yang lebih pendek. Oleh itu, getaran tenaga dari persekitaran lebih sesuai sebagai alternatif kepada bateri kerana ia mudah diintegrasikan dan serasi dengan sistem mikroelektromekanikal. Kertas kerja ini  membentangkan reka bentuk dan analisis tenaga piezoelektrik MEMS iaitu salah satu jenis penuaian tenaga getaran. Penuai tenaga ini dibentuk menggunakan Lead Zicronate Titanate (PZT-5A) sebagai lapisan filem tipis piezoelektrik, silikon sebagai lapisan substrat dan keluli struktur sebagai lapisan elektrod. Frekuensi resonans akan memberikan hasil tenaga maksima, voltan tenaga maksima dan getaran jarak maksima. Mod pengendalian juga memainkan peranan penting bagi menghasilkan tenaga yang lebih besar. Reka bentuk yang mempunyai ketinggian dan panjang berlainan juga telah diuji dengan menggunakan bahan piezoelektrik yang sama. Oleh itu, projek ini akan menghasilkan simulasi piezoelektrik MEMS yang sesuai digunakan bagi alat elektronik berkuasa rendah. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan dengan panjang 31 mm dan ketinggian 0.16 mm, piezoelektrik PZT ini menghasilkan voltan maksima sebanyak 7.435 V dan tenaga output maksima 2.30 mW pada frekuensi resonans 40 Hz.

scholarly journals Investigation on extreme frequency shift in silica fiber-based high-power Raman fiber laser

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaxin Song ◽  
Hanshuo Wu ◽  
Jun Ye ◽  
Hanwei Zhang ◽  
Jiangming Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Shift ◽  
Fiber Laser ◽  
High Power ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Gain Medium ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Optical Efficiency ◽  
Central Wavelength ◽  
Raman Fiber Laser

In this paper, we experimentally investigated the extreme frequency shift in high-power Raman fiber laser (RFL). The RFL was developed by using a pair of fiber Bragg gratings with fixed and matched central wavelength (1120 nm) combined with a piece of 31-m-long polarization maintaining (PM) passive fiber adopted as Raman gain medium. The pump source was a homemade high-power, linearly polarized (LP) wavelength-tunable master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) source with ${\sim}25~\text{nm}$ tunable working range (1055–1080 nm). High-power and high-efficiency RFL with extreme frequency shift between the pump and Stokes light was explored. It is found that frequency shift located within 10.6 THz and 15.2 THz can ensure efficient Raman lasing, where the conversion efficiency is more than 95% of the maximal value, 71.3%. In addition, a maximum output power of 147.1 W was obtained with an optical efficiency of 71.3%, which is the highest power ever reported in LP RFLs to the best of our knowledge.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of a Piezoelectric Energy Harvester Based on Flag-Flutter

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Elahi ◽  
Marco Eugeni ◽  
Federico Fune ◽  
Luca Lampani ◽  
Franco Mastroddi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Operational Environment ◽  
Subsonic Wind Tunnel ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy

In the last few decades, piezoelectric (PZT) materials have played a vital role in the aerospace industry because of their energy harvesting capability. PZT energy harvesters (PEH) absorb the energy from an operational environment and can transform it into useful energy to drive nano/micro-electronic components. In this research work, a PEH based on the flag-flutter mechanism is presented. This mechanism is based on fluid-structure interaction (FSI). The flag is subjected to the axial airflow in the subsonic wind tunnel. The performance evaluation of the harvester and aeroelastic analysis is investigated numerically and experimentally. A novel solution is presented to extract energy from Limit Cycle Oscillations (LCOs) phenomenon by means of PZT transduction. The PZT patch absorbs the flow-induced structural vibrations and transforms it into electrical energy. Furthermore, the optimal resistance and length of the flag is predicted to maximize the energy harvesting. Different configurations of flag i.e., with Aluminium (Al) patch and PZT patch for flutter mode vibration mode are studied numerically and experimentally. The bifurcation diagram is constructed for the experimental campaign for the flutter instability of a cantilevered flag in subsonic wind-tunnel. Moreover, the flutter boundary conditions are analysed for reduced critical velocity and frequency. The designed PZT energy harvester via flag-flutter mechanism is suitable for energy harvesting in aerospace engineering applications to drive wireless sensors. The maximum output power that can be generated from the designed harvester is 6.72 mW and the optimal resistance is predicted to be 0.33 MΩ.

scholarly journals A Compact and High Efficiency Intracavity Opo Based on Periodically-poled Lithium Niobate

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Wang ◽  
Mingyao Gao ◽  
Shuhui Yu ◽  
Jian Ning ◽  
Zhenda Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Niobate ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Periodically Poled ◽  
Periodically Poled Lithium Niobate ◽  
Optical Parametric ◽  
Simulated Temperature ◽  
Output Laser

Abstract We demonstrate a compact, high-efficiency and widely tunable intracavity singly resonant optical parametric oscillator (IC-OPO) based on multichannel periodically-poled lithium niobate (PPLN). The IC-OPO is composed of 808 nm pump laser diode (LD), Nd:YVO4 laser and linear OPO. The continuous-wave (CW) mid-infrared (MIR) output laser is tunable from 2.25 μm to 4.79 μm. The maximum output power exceeds 1.08 W at 3.189 μm at 9.1 W LD pump power and the conversion efficiency is 11.88 %. We also build up a prototype with volume of Wmm3 and its total weight is less than 2 Kg. The measured power stability is 1.3 % Root Meat Square (RMS) for a 3 h duration under simulated high temperature conditions of 40 ℃. RMS is 2.6 % for a 4 h duration when simulated temperature is - 40 ℃.

scholarly journals Bidirectional Piezoelectric Energy Harvester

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (18) ◽  
pp. 3845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrius Čeponis ◽  
Dalius Mažeika ◽  
Artūras Kilikevičius
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Electrical Characteristics ◽  
Harmonic Vibrations ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Bending Modes

This paper represents a numerical and experimental investigation of the bidirectional piezoelectric energy harvester. The harvester can harvest energy from the vibrating base in two perpendicular directions. The introduced harvester consists of two cantilevers that are connected by a particular angle and two seismic masses. The first mass is placed at a free end of the harvester while the second mass is fixed at the joining point of the cantilevers. The piezoelectric energy harvester employs the first and the second out of plane bending modes. The numerical investigation was carried out to obtain optimal geometrical parameters and to calculate the mechanical and electrical characteristics of the harvester. The energy harvester can provide stable output power during harmonic and impact-based excitation in two directions. The results of the investigations showed that energy harvester provides a maximum output power of 16.85 µW and 15.9 4 µW when the base has harmonic vibrations in y and z directions, respectively. Maximum output of 4.059 nW/N and 3.1 nW/N in y and z directions were obtained in case of impact based excitation

scholarly journals Design of a Schottky Metal-Brim Structure to Optimize 180–220 GHz Broadband Frequency Doubler MMIC

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 715
Author(s):  
Luwei Qi ◽  
Jin Meng ◽  
Xiaoyu Liu ◽  
Chengyue Yang ◽  
Jingtao Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Frequency Doubler ◽  
Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Electrode Edge ◽  
Terminal Structure ◽  
Broadband Frequency

The present work proposes a 180–225 GHz broadband frequency doubler monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) based on a novel Schottky barrier diode (SBD) terminal structure denoted as a Schottky metal-brim (SMB). Compared with an MMIC adopting the conventional SBD terminal structure, preliminary measurements show that the maximum output power of the MMIC adopting the SMB structure increases from 0.216 mW at 206 GHz to 0.914 mW at 208 GHz. Analysis of the nonlinear current–voltage and capacitance–voltage characteristics of the two terminal structures based on an extended one-dimensional drift-diffusion model, indicates that the SMB structure provides significantly better conversion efficiency than the conventional SBD structure by eliminating the accumulation of charge and additional current paths near the Schottky electrode edge. It provides a feasible scheme for the optimization of MMIC applications requiring high power and high efficiency.

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